Athlete’s Heart: A Multimodal Approach – From Physiological to Pathological Cardiac Adaptations

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Athlete’s Heart: A Multimodal Approach - From Physiological to Pathological Cardiac Adaptations
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1 What is athlete’s heart?
	1  Introduction
	2  Athlete’s heart: Should we need a more specific definition?
	3  SCD in athletes: The entity of the problem
		3.1  Cardiac conditions associated with SCD
	4  Preparticipation cardiovascular screening in athletes
		4.1  Clinical and familial history
		4.2  Cardiovascular physical examination
	5  The role of electrocardiography in the preparticipation
	6  Indications for further cardiovascular tests
		6.1  Exercise ECG test
		6.2  ECG monitoring
		6.3  Noninvasive cardiovascular imaging
	7  Cardiovascular screening in older athletes
	8  Conclusions
	References
Chapter 2 Physiological and pathological cardiac adaptations to physical exercise
	1  Introduction
	2  Physiological modification of the heart with physical exercise
		2.1  Central adaptations
			2.1.1 Heart rate
			2.1.2 Stroke volume
		2.2  Peripheral adaptations
	3  Physiological modifications in different sports
		3.1  Endurance sports
		3.2 Strength sports
	4  Special environment
		4.1  Hyperbarism
		4.2  Hypobarism
		4.3  Heat adaptation
		4.4  Cold adaptations
		4.5  Adaptation to air pollution
	5  Doping and cardiovascular effects
		5.1  Anabolic androgenic steroids
		5.2  Growth hormone
		5.3  Other drugs
	6  Conclusions
	References
Chapter 3 Electrocardiogram in athletes
	1  Introduction
	2  Common and training-related ECG changes in athletes
	3  Normal ECG changes related to demographics: Age, sex, and ethnicity
	4  Uncommon and training-unrelated ECG changes in athletes
	5  Nonspecific ECG findings in athletes
	6  Supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias on ambulatory rhythm monitoring
	7  Overlap ECG pattern between athlete’s heart and pathologies
	8  Conclusions
	References
Chapter 4 Echocardiogram in athlete’s heart
	1  Introduction
	2  Left heart
	3  Right heart
	4  Vessels
	5  New echocardiographic techniques
	6  Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5 Multimodality imaging in athlete’s heart
	1  Introduction
	2  Exercise stress testing
	3  Exercise stress echocardiography
	4  Cardiac magnetic resonance
	5  Coronary computed tomography
	6  Cardiac nuclear imaging
	7  Conclusion
	References
Chapter 6 Gray zones in athlete’s heart
	1  Introduction
	2  Left ventricular hypertrophy or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
	3  Athlete’s heart or dilated cardiomyopathy?
	4  Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy or adaptive hypertrabeculation?
	5  Right ventricular physiological dilation or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy?
	6  Conclusions
	References
Chapter 7 Genetic testing in athletes
	1  Introduction
	2  Genetic testing in athletes
	3  Inherited cardiac disorders in athletes
		3.1  Cardiomyopathies
			3.1.1 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
			3.1.2 Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
		3.2  Channelopathies
			3.2.1 Long QT syndrome
			3.2.2 Brugada syndrome
			3.2.3 Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
	4  Conclusion
	References
Index
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