Asymptomatic Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology, Detection and Treatment

Front Matter....Pages i-xxii
Front Matter....Pages 87-87
Preventive Cardiology: The SHAPE of the Future....Pages 1-12
From Vulnerable Plaque to Vulnerable Patient....Pages 13-38
Pathology of Vulnerability Caused by High-Risk (Vulnerable) Arteries and Plaques....Pages 39-51
Pathophysiology of Vulnerability Caused by Thrombogenic (Vulnerable) Blood....Pages 53-66
Vulnerability Caused by Arrhythmogenic Vulnerable Myocardium....Pages 67-76
Approach to Atherosclerosis as a Disease: Primary Prevention Based on the Detection and Treatment of Asymptomatic Atherosclerosis....Pages 77-85
Front Matter....Pages 87-87
History of the Evolution of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Predictive Value of Traditional Risk-Factor-Based Risk Assessment....Pages 89-105
Comprehensive Lipid Profiling Beyond LDL....Pages 107-118
New Blood Biomarkers of Inflammation and Atherosclerosis....Pages 119-133
Genomics and Proteomics: The Role of Contemporary Biomolecular Analysis in Advancing the Knowledge of Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease....Pages 135-149
Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Mechanisms and Measurements....Pages 151-167
Family History: An Index of Genetic and Environmental Predisposition to Coronary Artery Disease....Pages 169-178
Endothelial Activation Markers in Sub-clinical Atherosclerosis: Insights from Mechanism-Based Paradigms....Pages 179-194
Front Matter....Pages 195-195
Exercise Stress Testing in Asymptomatic Individuals and Its Relation to Subclinical Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease....Pages 197-210
The Ankle Brachial Index....Pages 211-223
Arterial Elasticity/Stiffness....Pages 225-235
Assessment of Endothelial Function in Clinical Practice....Pages 237-245
Digital (Fingertip) Thermal Monitoring of Vascular Function: A Novel, Noninvasive, Nonimaging Test to Improve Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Monitoring of Response to Treatments....Pages 247-263
Assessment of Macro- and Microvascular Function and Reactivity....Pages 265-275
Front Matter....Pages 277-277
Coronary Artery Calcium Imaging....Pages 279-284
Front Matter....Pages 277-277
Noninvasive Ultrasound Imaging of Carotid Intima Thickness....Pages 285-318
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: Clinical Implementation in Individual Cardiovascular Risk Assessment....Pages 319-322
Computed Tomographic Angiography....Pages 323-333
Role of Noninvasive Imaging using CT for Detection and Quantitation of Coronary Atherosclerosis....Pages 335-349
Noninvasive Coronary Plaque Characterization: CT Versus MRI....Pages 351-355
Magnetic Resonance Imaging....Pages 357-361
The Role of MRI in Examining Subclinical Carotid Plaque....Pages 363-373
Comprehensive Non-contrast CT Imaging of the Vulnerable Patient....Pages 375-391
Front Matter....Pages 393-393
Ultrasound Assessment of Brachial Artery Reactivity....Pages 395-410
Cardiac Imaging for Ischemia in Asymptomatic Patients: Use of Coronary Artery Calcium Scanning to Improve Patient Selection: Lessons from the EISNER Study....Pages 411-427
Targeted MRI of Molecular Components in Atherosclerotic Plaque....Pages 429-432
Noninvasive Imaging of the Vulnerable Myocardium: Cardiac MRI and CT Based....Pages 433-451
Front Matter....Pages 453-453
Angiography for Detection of Complex and Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque....Pages 455-459
Intravascular Characterization of Vulnerable Coronary Plaque....Pages 461-473
Detecting Vulnerable Plaque Using Invasive Methods....Pages 475-481
Assessment of Plaque Burden and Plaque Composition Using Intravascular Ultrasound....Pages 483-493
Vulnerable Anatomy; The Role of Coronary Anatomy and Endothelial Shear Stress in the Progression and Vulnerability of Coronary Artery Lesions: Is Anatomy Destiny? ....Pages 495-506
Vasa Vasorum Imaging....Pages 507-515
Front Matter....Pages 516-516
From Vulnerable Plaque to Vulnerable Patient – Part III....Pages 517-535
Cost Effectiveness of Screening Atherosclerosis....Pages 537-547
Front Matter....Pages 516-516
Monitoring of Subclinical Atherosclerotic Disease....Pages 549-567
Implications of SHAPE Guideline for Improving Patient Compliance....Pages 569-575
The SHAPE Guideline: Why Primary Care Physicians Should Embrace It....Pages 577-580
Should We Treat According to the SHAPE Guidelines?....Pages 581-586
Duty-Bound: Rational Foundations of Clinical Strategies for Prevention of Cardiovascular Events....Pages 587-596
A Time to Live: Dynamic Changes in Risk as the Basis for Therapeutic Triage....Pages 597-601
Front Matter....Pages 603-603
LDL Targeted Therapies....Pages 605-619
Antioxidants as Targeted Therapy: A Special Protective Role for Pomegranate and Paraoxonases (PONs)....Pages 621-634
The Multiconstituent Cardiovascular Pill (MCCP): Challenges and Promises of Population Based Prophylactic Drug Therapy for Heart Attack Prevention and Eradication....Pages 635-647
Vaccine for Atherosclerosis: An Emerging New Paradigm....Pages 649-657
Front Matter....Pages 659-659
Drug-Eluting Stents: A Potential Preemptive Treatment Choice for Vulnerable Coronary Plaques....Pages 661-669
Intrapericardial Approach for Pancoronary Stabilization of the Vulnerable Arteries and Myocardium....Pages 671-685
Front Matter....Pages 687-687
Dietary Management for Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention and Treatment....Pages 689-697
Management of Preconditioning Physical Activity in a Vulnerable Patient: Getting in SHAPE....Pages 699-705
Last Chance for Prevention (Acute Prevention): Identification of Prodromal Symptoms and Early Heart Attack Care....Pages 707-722
Back Matter....Pages 723-737