Assyrians in Modern Iraq: Negotiating Political and Cultural Space

Cover
Half-title
Title Page
Copyright information
Dedication
Contents
List of Figures
Preface
	Approach and Methods: Minoritization and Pluralism in Middle Eastern Studies
Acknowledgments
Note on Transliteration
List of Abbreviations
Introduction: Identity, Urbanization, and Citizenship
	Western Missionaries and Intercommunal Division
	The Rise of Nationalism and Claims of Common Ancestry
	Urbanization in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: Trans-regional and Transnational Dislocations
		The World War I and Assyrian Dislocations
		The Simele Massacre: Dislocations Continued
	A Hierarchy of Citizenship
1 Assyrians and the Iraqi Communist Party
	The Assyrians and Communism in Iraq
	Kirkuk, Oil, and Labor
		Assyrians as Employees in the Iraq Petroleum Company
		Urban Violence in 1959
		What Happened in 1963?
	Assyrians in the Courts
	Procedure
	Witnesses
	The Case of Josephine Warda
		A History of the Iraqi Women's Movement
		The Case
		Witness Testimonies
		Warda's Testimony
	Adib George: The Most Dangerous of Communists
	Lieutenant Ibrahim Tumas: Communism as the Root of Humanity
	Yalda Iliya
	The Case of Barkhu and His Colleagues
	Conclusion
2 The Role of Assyrians and Communists in the Kurdish Uprising (1961-1975)
	The Kurds from the Early Modern Times to Twentieth-Century Iraq
	Assyrians and the Kurdish Uprising, 1961-1963
		Hurmizd Malik Chikku
	Kurds, Communists, and Assyrians after 1963
	Assyrians within the Barzani Camp
		Margaret George and the Barzanis
	Political Opposition under the Baʿth: 1968-1980
		The Formation of the Higher Committee for Christian Affairs
	Conclusion
3 Between Reconciliation and Repression: Baʿthist Policies toward the Assyrians in the 1970s
	Baʿthist Conciliation Policies
	Contradictory Policies
	The Aftermath of the Algiers Agreement
		The Baʿthification of Society
		Issues of Identity
		Islamic Religious Education
	Conclusion
4 Compliance, Negotiation, Resistance: Assyrian Press and Popular Culture (1970s-1980s)
	Mordinna Atouraya: Background
	Negotiating Simele
		Simele Remembered in Popular Culture
		Popular Culture and Songs of Defiance
		Mordinna Atouraya's Interview with Y¯aʿqo
	Language: A Medium for Discussion
		Identity: Athuriyyun or Ashuriyyun?
		The February Fire: Preserving Rural Traditions
		Modern Assyrian
	Narratives of Integration
		Co-optation and Negotiation between Socialism and the Abbasids
		Socialism
	Beyond Negotiation: Subtle and Defiant Forms of Resistance
		Kirkuki Assyrians: Celebrating a Baʿthist Holiday?
		Maneuvering around a Baʿthist Agent: ''Tasarrufat Matran''
	Changes in the Magazine
	Conclusion
5 The Reestablishment of the Assyrian Nationalist Political Movement (1970s-1980s)
	The Iraqi National Arena
	The Baʿthification of Society: A Case Study
	An Assyrian Baʿthist in Context
	The Resurrection of Assyrian Political Organizations: Toward Armed Struggle
		The Path of an Assyrian Urbanite Intellectual toward Armed Struggle
		Case Study: The Assyrian Democratic Movement - ''Progressive Pragmatism''
	Baʿthist Reports on the Iraqi Opposition and the Assyrian Movement
	Imprisonment, Torture, and Execution of ADM Members
	The Cult of Martyrdom
	Movement Activities in the Wake of Government Suppression
	Conclusion
Conclusion
	Assyrians in Iraq's Northern ''Safe Haven'' (1991-2003)
	The Nineveh Plain Predicament: Historicizing Cultural and Political Ramifications
	Fast-Forward to 2014
Appendix 1 Census Data Tables
Appendix 2 The ''Simele'' Song
Select Bibliography
	Primary Sources
		Archives
		Official Documents
		Newspapers and Magazines
		Memoirs and Arabic-Language Sources
		Memoirs and Self-Published Reports in English
		Oral Interviews
		Media and Online Sources
	Secondary Sources
		Dissertations
		NGO Publications
		Journal and Book Sources
Index