ASHRAE Design Guide for Natural Ventilation

Supplemental Files Online	file://www.ashrae.org/naturalventilationChapter 1
	1.1 Purpose of the Guide
	1.2 Organization of the Guide
	1.3 How to Use the Guide
	1.4 When Not to Use Natural Ventilation
		1.4.1 Strict Filtration Requirements
		1.4.2 Contaminant Dilution Concerns
		1.4.3 Special Pressurization Relationships
		1.4.4 Speech Privacy Concerns
		1.4.5 Internal Heat Load Demands
	1.5 Perceived Benefits and Risks of Natural Ventilation
		1.5.1 Indoor Conditions: Air Quality versus Occupant Comfort
		1.5.2 Occupant Discretion: Device Control versus Situational Constraint
		1.5.3 Cost of Ownership
		Weighing the Benefits and Risks of Natural Ventilation
		1.5.5 Communicating with Occupants about Natural Ventilation
	1.6 Applicable Codes, References, and Standards
	1.7 References
Appendix A1.1
	A1.1.1 Heat Load to the Space
	A1.1.2 Ventilation Requirements
	A1.1.3 References
Appendix A1.2
	A1.2.1 Heat load to the space
	A1.2.2 Ventilation Requirements
	A1.2.3 References
Chapter 2
	2.1 Natural Ventilation versus Natural Conditioning
	2.2 Mixed-Mode Ventilation
	2.3 How Does Natural Ventilation Work?
	2.4 Planning for Buoyancy-Driven Ventilation
		2.4.1 The Math Behind the Working Principle of Buoyancy-Driven Ventilation
		2.4.2 Complex Geometries and the Determination of Neutral Plane
		2.5 Planning for Wind-Driven Ventilation
			2.5.1 The Math Behind the Working Principle of Wind-Driven Ventilation
	2.6 Designing Successful Naturally Conditioned Spaces
		2.6.1 Designing for Thermal Comfort
		2.6.2 Designing for Occupant Control
		B Head - 2.6.3 Designing Based on Client Engagement
	2.7 References
Appendix A2.1
	A Head Right - A2.1.1 References
Appendix A2.2
	A2.2.1 References
Appendix A2.3
	A2.3.1 Reference
Appendix A2.4
	A2.4.1 Low-Rise Buildings
	A2.4.2 High-Rise Buildings
	A2.4.3 Reference
Appendix A2.5
	A2.5.1 References
Chapter 3
	3.1 Air Quality
		3.1.1 Regional Air Quality Assessment
		3.1.2 Local Air Quality Assessment
	3.2 Outdoor Noise Environment
		3.2.1 Method of Determining Adequate Outdoor Noise Environment
		B Head - 3.2.2 Target Indoor Noise Environment
		3.2.3 Attenuation of Natural Ventilation Apertures
		3.2.4 Estimating the Outdoor Noise Environment
	3.3 Wind Climate
		3.3.1 Historical Wind Rose Analysis
		3.3.2 Generating Pressure Coefficients from Wind Studies
	3.4 Historical Weather Data
		3.4.1 Natural Conditioning Potential by U.S. Climate Zone
		3.4.2 Review of Mean Maximum and Mean Minimum Monthly Temperatures
		3.4.3 Frequency of Occurrence Analysis Overview
		3.4.4 Frequency of Occurrence Analysis using Software Tools
		B Head - 3.4.5 Frequency of Occurrence Analysis by Building a Spreadsheet
	3.5 Future Climate Trends
	3.6 References
Appendix A3.1
	A3.1.1 References
Appendix A3.2
	A3.2.1 References
Appendix A3.3
A3.4.1 Reference
Appendix A3.4
Appendix A3.5
	A3.5.1 References
Appendix A3.6
	A3.6.1 Step 1. Produce a Bioclimatic Chart to represent all strategies
	A3.6.2 Step 2. Select Preferred Strategies to Represent Natural Conditioning
	A3.6.3 Step 3. Determine if a heating system is required
	A3.6.4 Step 4. Determine if a backup mechanical cooling system is required
	A3.6.5 Step 5. Determine if an infiltration-resistant envelope is required
	A3.6.6 Caveats when using Climate Consultant for the Adaptive Comfort Model
	A3.6.7 References
Appendix A3.7
	A3.7.1 References
Chapter 4
	4.1 Balancing Daylight and Natural Ventilation Access in Perimeter Zones
	4.2 Assessing Building Configuration for Natural Ventilation
	4.3 Considerations For Placing Natural Ventilation Openings
		B Head - 4.3.1 Single-Sided Natural Ventilation
		B Head - 4.3.2 Cross-Ventilation
		B Head - 4.3.3 Vertical Placement of Openings
		B Head - 4.3.4 Window Shape and Size
		B Head - 4.3.5 Insect Screens
		B Head - 4.3.6 Openings in Use
	4.4 Selecting Opening Types for Natural Ventilation
		4.4.1 Window Types
		4.4.2 Roof Monitor Types
	4.5 Selecting Window Glazing for Reduction of Conductive Heat Gains and Losses
		4.5.1 Estimating Heat Loss for Sizing Heating Systems
		4.5.2 Radiant Impacts on Comfort
		4.5.3 Cold Downdrafts in Naturally Ventilated Spaces
		4.5.4 Condensation without Offsetting Air Movement
	4.6 Selecting Window Glazing For Solar Control
	4.7 Limiting WWRs to Control Heat Gain
	4.8 Configuring Shading and Blinds in Natural Ventilation Schemes
	4.9 References
Appendix A4.1
	A4.1.1 Reference
Appendix A4.2
	A4.2.1 References
Chapter 5
	5.1 Introduction to Available Ventilation Compliance Paths
	5.2 Wind and Thermal Buoyancy Formulas to Determine Airflow through an Opening
	5.3 Prescriptive Design Requirements in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016 and Older Versions
	5.4 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1 on Path A and Path B Opening Sizing
	5.5 Prescriptive Path on Opening Compliance per California’s Title 24 Code
	5.6 Engineered Natural Ventilation Systems
	5.7 Wind-only Window Sizing Procedure
	5.8 Estimating Appropriate Size for Natural Ventilation Openings for Minimum Outdoor Air Quantities on Cold Days
	5.9 Energy Modeling for Natural Ventilation in ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019
	5.10 Natural Ventilation Documentation for the LEED® Rating System
	5.11 References
Appendix A5.1
	A5.1.1 Reference
Appendix A5.2
	A5.2.1 Reference
Appendix A5.3
	A5.3.1 Reference
Appendix A5.4
	A5.4.1 Reference
Appendix A5.5
	A5.5.1 New York City, NY, Results
		A5.5.1.1 Buoyancy-Driven Ventilation
		A5.5.1.2 Wind-Driven Ventilation
	A5.5.2 Reference
Chapter 6
	6.1 Confirming the Requirement to Meet a Comfort Standard
	6.2 IDENTIFYING THE APPROPRIATE ASHRAE STANDARD 55 COMFORT COMPLIANCE METHOD
	6.3 Limitations on the Use of the Adaptive Comfort Method
		6.3.1 No Mechanical Cooling System Installed
		6.3.2 Limits on Metabolic Rates
		6.3.3 Adaptability of Clothing
		6.3.4 Constraints on Outdoor Air Temperatures
	6.4 Applying the Adaptive Comfort Zone Method
		6.4.1 Acceptability Limits
		6.4.2 Use of Bulk Airflow and Dynamic Thermal Simulation Modeling
		6.4.3 Postprocessing Results from Simulation Modeling
		6.4.4 “Flat” Mean versus Prevailing Mean to Set Temperature Limits
		6.4.5 Demonstrating Compliance with the Adaptive Comfort Method
		6.4.6 Checking Simultaneous ASHRAE Standard 62.1 Compliance
		6.4.7 Checking Adaptive Comfort Method Against PPD Calculations from the Analytical Method
	6.5 Documentation of Compliance with the Standards
	6.6 Credit Documentation for LEED® Thermal Comfort Credit
	6.7 RULES OF THUMB FOR MANAGING EXPECTATIONS AROUND COMFORT RESULTS
	6.8 Cold Day Concerns in Natural Conditioning Schemes
	6.9 References
Appendix A6.1
	A6.1.1 Office Space
	A6.1.2 Classroom Space
	A6.1.3 References
Appendix A6.2
	A6.2.1 Office Space
	A6.2.2 Classroom Space
	A6.2.3 Comparative Comfort
	A6.2.4 References
Appendix A6.3
	A6.3.1 New York City, NY, Results
		A6.3.1.1 Buoyancy-Driven Ventilation
		A6.3.1.2 Wind-Driven Results
Chapter 7
	7.1 Overview of Building Management Controls for Natural Ventilation Systems
	7.2 Sampling of Typical Control Sequences of Operation
	7.3 Natural Ventilation Sequences of Operation
		7.3.1 Typical Manual Control and Manual Control with Button Natural Ventilation Sequence of Operation
		7.3.2 Typical Automatic Window Natural Ventilation Sequence of Operation
	7.4 Natural Ventilation Heating Mode Enabled/Disabled Sequences of Operation
		7.4.1 Typical Concurrent Heating Sequence of Operation
		7.4.2 Typical Changeover Heating Sequence of Operation
	7.5 Natural Conditioning Sequences of Operation
		7.5.1 Typical Manual Control and Manual Control with Button Natural Conditioning Sequence of Operation
		7.5.2 Typical Manual Control with Favorable Condition Indicator Natural Conditioning Sequence of Operation
	7.6 Mixed-Mode Changeover Sequence of Operation
		7.6.1 Typical Automatic Window Operation with Temperature Control Natural Conditioning Sequence of Operation
		7.6.2 Natural Conditioning with Hot Hours Cooling Changeover
		7.6.3 Automatic Window Control for Nighttime Purge of Heat from Thermal Mass
	7.7 Selecting Actuators
		7.7.1 Actuator Control Functionality Requirements
		7.7.2 Actuator Mechanism Type
		7.7.3 Actuator-Linkage Coordination
	7.8 References
	7.9 Bibliography
Appendix A7.1
	A7.1.1 Outdoor Sensors Active in Sequences of Operations
		A7.1.1.1 Outdoor Temperature
		A7.1.1.2 Outdoor Relative Humidity
		A7.1.1.3 Wind Speed
		A7.1.1.4 Wind Direction
		A7.1.1.5 Rain Sensors
		A7.1.1.6 Outdoor Pollutants
		A7.1.1.7 Static Outside Air Pressure at Façade
	A7.1.2 Indoor Sensors Active in Sequences of Operations
		A7.1.2.1 Indoor Temperature
		A7.1.2.2 Indoor Relative Humidity
		A7.1.2.3 Indoor CO2 Monitoring
		A7.1.2.4 Thermal Mass Surface Temperature
		A7.1.2.5 Window/Louver Closed Position Status
		A7.1.2.6 Favorable Condition Indicator
	A7.1.3 References