Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology

Title page......Page 2
Preface......Page 6
Executive Committee Members......Page 8
Conference Organization......Page 9
Sponsors......Page 15
Contents......Page 16
Invited Talks......Page 30
Learning with Virtual Peers......Page 32
Scaffolding Inquiry Learning: How Much Intelligence is Needed and by Whom?......Page 33
Constraint-Based Tutors: A Success Story......Page 34
Interactivity and Learning......Page 35
Full Papers......Page 36
Evaluating a Mixed-Initiative Authoring Environment: Is REDEEM for Real?......Page 38
An Architecture to Combine Meta-Cognitive and Cognitive Tutoring: Pilot Testing the Help Tutor......Page 46
"A la" in Education: Keywords Linking Method for Selecting Web Resources......Page 54
Inferring Learning and Attitudes from a Bayesian Network of Log File Data......Page 62
Why Is Externally-Regulated Learning More Effective Than Self-Regulated Learning with Hypermedia?......Page 70
Motivating Appropriate Challenges in a Reciprocal Tutoring System......Page 78
Do Performance Goals Lead Students to Game the System?......Page 86
Pedagogical Agents as Social Models for Engineering: The Influence of Agent Appearance on Female Choice......Page 94
The Impact of Frustration-Mitigating Messages Delivered by an Interface Agent......Page 102
Computational Methods for Evaluating Student and Group Learning Histories in Intelligent Tutoring Systems......Page 109
Engagement Tracing: Using Response Times to Model Student Disengagement......Page 117
Interactive Authoring Support for Adaptive Educational Systems......Page 125
Some Unusual Open Learner Models......Page 133
Advanced Capabilities for Evaluating Student Writing: Detecting Off-Topic Essays Without Topic-Specific Training......Page 141
Thread-Based Analysis of Patterns of Collaborative Interaction in Chat......Page 149
Conceptual Conflict by Design: Dealing with Students' Learning Impasses in Multi-User Multi-Agent Virtual Worlds......Page 157
Motivating Learners by Nurturing Animal Companions: My-Pet and Our-Pet......Page 165
ArithmeticDesk: Computer Embedded Manipulatives for Learning Arithmetic......Page 173
Adaptive Reward Mechanism for Sustainable Online Learning Community......Page 181
What Is The Student Referring To? Mapping Properties and Concepts in Students' Systems of Physics Equations......Page 189
The Effects of a Pedagogical Agent in an Open Learning Environment......Page 197
Using Discussion Prompts to Scaffold Parent-Child Collaboration Around a Computer-Based Activity......Page 205
Self-Regulation of Learning with Multiple Representations in Hypermedia......Page 213
An ITS for Medical Classification Problem-Solving: Effects of Tutoring and Representations......Page 221
Mining Data and Modelling Social Capital in Virtual Learning Communities......Page 229
Tradeoff Analysis Between Knowledge Assessment Approaches......Page 238
Natural Language Generation for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: A Case Study......Page 246
Dialogue-Learning Correlations in Spoken Dialogue Tutoring......Page 254
Adolescents' Use of SRL Behaviors and Their Relation to Qualitative Mental Model Shifts While Using Hypermedia......Page 262
Teaching about Dynamic Processes A Teachable Agents Approach......Page 270
Exam Question Recommender System......Page 278
DIANE, a Diagnosis System for Arithmetical Problem Solving......Page 287
Collaboration and Cognitive Tutoring: Integration, Empirical Results, and Future Directions......Page 295
Personal Readers: Personalized Learning Object Readers for the Semantic Web......Page 303
Making an Unintelligent Checker Smarter: Creating Semantic Illusions from Syntactic Analyses......Page 311
Iterative Evaluation of a Large-Scale, Intelligent Game for Language Learning......Page 319
Cross-Cultural Evaluation of Politeness in Tactics for Pedagogical Agents......Page 327
Serious Games for Language Learning: How Much Game, How Much AI?......Page 335
Taking Control of Redundancy in Scripted Tutorial Dialogue......Page 343
Ontology of Learning Object Content Structure......Page 351
Goal Transition Model and Its Application for Supporting Teachers Based on Ontologies......Page 359
Exploiting Readily Available Web Data for Scrutable Student Models......Page 367
What Do You Mean by to Help Learning of Metacognition?......Page 375
Matching and Mismatching Learning Characteristics with Multiple Intelligence Based Content......Page 383
Pedagogical Agents as Learning Companions: Building Social Relations with Learners......Page 391
The Evaluation of an Intelligent Teacher Advisor for Web Distance Environments......Page 399
A Video Retrieval System for Computer Assisted Language Learning......Page 407
The Activity at the Center of the Global Open and Distance Learning Process......Page 415
Towards Support in Building Qualitative Knowledge Models......Page 424
Analyzing Completeness and Correctness of Utterances Using an ATMS......Page 432
Modelling Learning in an Educational Game......Page 440
On Using Learning Curves to Evaluate ITS......Page 448
The Role of Learning Goals in the Design of ILEs: Some Issues to Consider......Page 456
A Knowledge-Based Coach for Reasoning about Historical Causation......Page 464
Advanced Geometry Tutor: An intelligent Tutor that Teaches Proof-Writing with Construction......Page 472
Design of Erroneous Examples for ACTIVEMATH......Page 480
"Be Bold and Take a Challenge": Could Motivational Strategies Improve Help-Seeking?......Page 488
Educational Data Mining: A Case Study......Page 496
Adapting Process-Oriented Learning Design to Group Characteristics......Page 504
On the Prospects of Intelligent Collaborative E-Learning Systems......Page 512
COFALE: An Adaptive Learning Environment Supporting Cognitive Flexibility......Page 520
The Effect of Explaining on Learning: A Case Study with a Data Normalization Tutor......Page 528
Formation of Learning Groups by Using Learner Profiles and Context Information......Page 536
Evaluating Inquiry Learning Through Recognition-Based Tasks......Page 544
Personalising Information Assets in Collaborative Learning Environments......Page 552
Qualitative and Quantitative Student Models......Page 560
Making Learning Design Standards Work with an Ontology of Educational Theories......Page 568
Detecting the Learner's Motivational States in an Interactive Learning Environment......Page 576
Blending Assessment and Instructional Assisting......Page 584
A First Evaluation of the Instructional Value of Negotiable Problem Solving Goals on the Exploratory Learning Continuum......Page 592
Automatic and Semi-Automatic Skill Coding with a View Towards Supporting On-Line Assessment......Page 600
The Use of Qualitative Reasoning Models of Interactions between Populations to Support Causal Reasoning of Deaf Students......Page 608
Assessing and Scaffolding Collaborative Learning in Online Discussions......Page 616
THESPIAN: An Architecture for Interactive Pedagogical Drama......Page 624
Technology at Work to Mediate Collaborative Scientific Enquiry in the Field......Page 632
Implementing a Layered Analytic Approach for Real-Time Modeling of Students' Scientific Understanding......Page 640
Long-Term Human-Robot Interaction: The Personal Exploration Rover and Museum Docents......Page 650
Information Extraction and Machine Learning: Auto-Marking Short Free Text Responses to Science Questions......Page 658
A Knowledge Acquisition System for Constraint-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems......Page 667
Computer Games as Intelligent Learning Environments: A River Ecosystem Adventure......Page 675
Paper Annotation with Learner Models......Page 683
Automatic Textual Feedback for Guided Inquiry Learning......Page 691
Graph of Microworlds: A Framework for Assisting Progressive Knowledge Acquisition in Simulation-Based Learning Environments......Page 699
The Andes Physics Tutoring System: Five Years of Evaluations......Page 707
The Politeness Effect: Pedagogical Agents and Learning Gains......Page 715
Towards Best Practices for Semantic Web Student Modelling......Page 723
Critical Thinking Environments for Science Education......Page 731
NavEx: Providing Navigation Support for Adaptive Browsing of Annotated Code Examples......Page 739
Feedback Micro-engineering in EER-Tutor......Page 747
Posters......Page 756
An Ontology of Situations, Interactions, Processes and Affordances to Support the Design of Intelligent Learning Environments......Page 758
Toward Supporting Hypothesis Formation and Testing in an Interpretive Domain......Page 761
Authoring Plug-In Tutor Agents by Demonstration: Rapid, Rapid Tutor Development......Page 764
Evaluating Scientific Abstracts with a Genre-Specific Rubric......Page 767
Dynamic Authoring in On-Line Adaptive Learning Environments......Page 770
Designing Effective Nonverbal Communication for Pedagogical Agents......Page 773
Individualized Feedback and Simulation-Based Practice in the Tactical Language Training System: An Experimental Evaluation......Page 776
Enhancing ITS Instruction with Integrated Assessments of Learner Mood, Motivation and Gender......Page 779
Exploring Simulations in Science Through the Virtual Lab Research Study: From NASA Kennedy Space Center to High School Classrooms......Page 782
Generating Structured Explanations of System Behaviour Using Qualitative Simulations......Page 785
The Bricoles Project: Support Socially Informed Design of Learning Environment......Page 788
Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Training and Tutoring......Page 791
An Agent-Based Framework for Enhancing Helping Behaviors in Human Teamwork......Page 794
P3T: A System to Support Preparing and Performing Peer Tutoring......Page 797
Cognitive and Motivational Effects of Animated Pedagogical Agent for Learning English as a Second Language......Page 800
Added Value of a Task Model and Role of Metacognition in Learning......Page 803
Introducing Adaptive Assistance in Adaptive Testing......Page 806
Student Questions in a Classroom Evaluation of the ALPS Learning Environment......Page 809
Scrutability as a Core Interface Element......Page 812
DCE: A One-on-One Digital Classroom Environment......Page 815
Contexts in Educational Topic Maps......Page 818
Analyzing Computer Mediated and Face-to-Face Interactions: Implications for Active Support......Page 821
Adding a Reflective Layer to a Simulation-Based Learning Environment......Page 824
Positive and Negative Verbal Feedback for Intelligent Tutoring Systems......Page 827
Domain-Knowledge Manipulation for Dialogue-Adaptive Hinting......Page 830
How to Qualitatively + Quantitatively Assess Concepts Maps: The Case of COMPASS......Page 833
Describing Learner Support: An Adaptation of IMS-LD Educational Modelling Language......Page 836
Developing a Bayes-Net Based Student Model for an External Representation Selection Tutor......Page 839
Towards Data-Driven Design of a Peer Collaborative Agent......Page 842
Discovery of Patterns in Learner Actions......Page 845
When do Students Interrupt Help? Effects of Time, Help Type, and Individual Differences......Page 848
Fault-Tolerant Interpretation of Mathematical Formulas in Context......Page 856
Help in Modelling with Visual Languages......Page 859
Knowledge Extraction and Analysis on Collaborative Interaction......Page 862
Enriching Classroom Scenarios with Tagged Objects......Page 865
Testing the Effectiveness of the Leopard Tutor Under Experimental Conditions......Page 868
Setting the Stage for Collaborative Interactions: Exploration of Separate Control of Shared Space......Page 871
Computer Simulation as an Instructional Technology in AutoTutor......Page 874
Developing Teaching Aids for Distance Education......Page 877
Who Helps the Helper? A Situated Scaffolding System for Supporting Less Experienced Feedback Givers......Page 880
Realizing Adaptive Questions and Answers for ICALL Systems......Page 883
CM-DOM: A Concept Map Based Tool for Supervising Domain Acquisition......Page 886
Using FAQ as a Case Base for Intelligent Tutoring......Page 889
Alignment-Based Tools for Translation Self-Learning......Page 892
Implementing Analogies Using APE Rules in an Electronic Tutoring System......Page 895
Interoperability Issues in Authoring Interactive Activities......Page 898
An Ontology-Driven Portal for a Collaborative Learning Community......Page 901
A Greedy Knowledge Acquisition Method for the Rapid Prototyping of Bayesian Belief Networks......Page 904
Automatic Analysis of Questions in e-Learning Environment......Page 907
Intelligent Pedagogical Action Selection Under Uncertainty......Page 910
A Generic Tool to Browse Tutor-Student Interactions: Time Will Tell!......Page 913
Effects of Dissuading Unnecessary Help Requests While Providing Proactive Help......Page 916
Breaking the ITS Monolith: A Hybrid Simulation and Tutoring Architecture for ITS......Page 919
A Study on Effective Comprehension Support by Assortment of Multiple Comprehension Support Methods......Page 922
Applications of Data Mining in Constraint-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems......Page 925
Supporting Training on a Robotic Simulator Using a Flexible Path Planner......Page 928
The eXtensible Tutor Architecture: A New Foundation for ITS......Page 931
An Agent-Based Approach to Assisting Learners to Dynamically Adjust Learning Processes......Page 934
EarthTutor: A Multi-Layered Approach to ITS Authoring......Page 937
Using Schema Analysis for Feedback in Authoring Tools for Learning Environments......Page 940
The Task Sharing Framework for Collaboration and Meta-Collaboration......Page 943
Fostering Learning Communities Based on Task Context......Page 946
MALT - A Multi-Lingual Adaptive Language Tutor......Page 949
Teaching the Evolution of Behavior with SuperDuperWalker......Page 952
Distributed Intelligent Learning Environment for Screening Mammography......Page 955
The Assistment Builder: A Rapid Development Tool for ITS......Page 958
What Did You Do At School Today? Using Tablet Technology to Link Parents to Their Children and Teachers......Page 961
Semantic Description of Collaboration Scripts for Service Oriented CSCL Systems......Page 964
What's in a Rectangle? An Issue for AIED in the Design of Semiotic Learning Tools......Page 967
A User Modeling Framework for Exploring Creative Problem-Solving Ability......Page 970
Adult Learner Perceptions of Affective Agents: Experimental Data and Phenomenological Observations......Page 973
Factors Influencing Effectiveness in Automated Essay Scoring with LSA......Page 976
Young Researchers Track......Page 980
Argumentation-Based CSCL: How Students Solve Controversy and Relate Argumentative Knowledge......Page 982
Generating Reports of Graphical Modelling Processes for Authoring and Presentation......Page 983
Towards an Intelligent Tool to Foster Collaboration in Distributed Pair Programming......Page 984
Online Discussion Processes: How Do Earlier Messages Affect Evaluations, Knowledge Contents, Social Cues and Responsiveness of Current Message?......Page 985
PECA: Pedagogical Embodied Conversational Agents in Mixed Reality Learning Environments......Page 986
Observational Learning from Social Model Agents: Examining the Inherent Processes......Page 987
An Exploration of a Visual Representation for Interactive Narrative in an Adventure Authoring Tool......Page 988
Affective Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Virtual Laboratories......Page 989
Taking into Account the Variability of the Knowledge Structure in Bayesian Student Models......Page 990
Subsymbolic User Modeling in Adaptive Hypermedia......Page 991
The Effect of Multimedia Design Elements on Learning Outcomes in Pedagogical Agent Research: A Meta-Analysis......Page 992
An ITS That Provides Positive Feedback for Beginning Violin Students......Page 993
A Proposal of Evaluation Framework for Higher Education......Page 994
Supporting Collaborative Medical Decision-Making in a Computer-Based Learning Environment......Page 995
Logging, Replaying and Analysing Students' Interactions in a Web-Based ILE to Improve Student Modelling......Page 996
How do Features of an Intelligent Learning Environment Influence Motivation? A Qualitative Modelling Approach......Page 997
Integrating an Affective Framework into Intelligent Tutoring Systems......Page 998
Relation-Based Heuristic Diffusion Framework for LOM Generation......Page 999
From Representing the Knowledge to Offering Appropriate Remediation - a Road Map for Virtual Learning Process......Page 1000
Authoring Ideas for Developing Structural Communication Exercises......Page 1001
An Orientation towards Social Interaction: Implications for Active Support......Page 1002
Designing Culturally Authentic Pedagogical Agents......Page 1004
Incorporation of Learning Objects and Learning Style - Metadata Support for Adaptive Pedagogical Agent Systems......Page 1005
Enhancing Collaborative Learning Through the Use of a Group Model Based on the Zone of Proximal Development......Page 1006
Tutorial Planning: Adapting Course Generation to Today's Needs......Page 1007
Mutual Peer Tutoring: A Collaborative Addition to the Cognitive Tutor Algebra-1......Page 1008
Enhancing Learning Through a Model of Affect......Page 1009
Understanding the Locus of Modality Effects and How to Effectively Design Multimedia Instructional Materials......Page 1010
Panels......Page 1012
Pedagogical Agent Research and Development: Next Steps and Future Possibilities......Page 1014
Tutorials......Page 1016
Evaluation Methods for Learning Environments......Page 1018
Rapid Development of Computer-Based Tutors with the Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools (CTAT)......Page 1019
Some New Perspectives on Learning Companion Research......Page 1020
Education and the Semantic Web......Page 1021
Building Intelligent Learning Environments: Bridging Research and Practice......Page 1022
Workshops......Page 1024
Student Modeling for Language Tutors......Page 1026
International Workshop on Applications of Semantic Web Technologies for E-Learning (SW-EL'05)......Page 1027
Adaptive Systems for Web-Based Education: Tools and Reusability......Page 1028
Usage Analysis in Learning Systems......Page 1029
Workshop on Educational Games as Intelligent Learning Environments......Page 1030
Motivation and Affect in Educational Software......Page 1031
Third International Workshop on Authoring of Adaptive and Adaptable Educational Hypermedia......Page 1033
Learner Modelling for Reflection, to Support Learner Control, Metacognition and Improved Communication Between Teachers and Learners......Page 1034
Author Index......Page 1036