Artificial Intelligence for Industries of the Future: Beyond Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft and Google

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Acronyms
1 Artificial Intelligence: An Introduction
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
	1.3 AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning
		1.3.1 Types of Machine Learning
	1.4 Industry 4.0 Versus Industries of the Future
	1.5 Other (Non-AI) Drivers of Industries of the Future
		1.5.1 Quantum Information Science (QIS)
		1.5.2 5G and Advanced Communication
		1.5.3 Advanced Manufacturing
		1.5.4 Biotechnology
	1.6 Where Will Industries of the Future Come From?
	1.7 The Role of Research
	1.8 Future Developments
	References
2 AI in Practice and Implementation: Issues and Costs
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Challenges in Implementing AI
		2.2.1 Data Acquisition
		2.2.2 Data Quality
		2.2.3 Privacy and Compliance
		2.2.4 AI Quality Metrics
	2.3 Guidelines and Practices for Measuring Return on Investment (ROI) of AI Projects
		2.3.1 Traditional Valuation Approaches and Their Pitfalls for Valuing AI Projects
		2.3.2 Soft Versus Hard Returns and Investments
	2.4 Digital Technology and the Productivity Puzzle
	2.5 Conclusion
	References
3 AI in Industry Today
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 AI in Big Tech
		3.2.1 Alphabet
		3.2.2 Amazon
		3.2.3 Meta
		3.2.4 Other Big Tech: Microsoft and Apple
		3.2.5 Other Large Tech Firms in the United States
		3.2.6 The Chinese ``Big Tech''
	3.3 Large Firms Outside Big Tech
	3.4 Startups and Small/Medium-Sized Enterprises (SBEs)
	3.5 Case Study: Neural Language Models
		3.5.1 Can Transformers Automate Software Engineers?
		3.5.2 Applications Beyond NLP
		3.5.3 Potential Ethical Concerns
		3.5.4 Summary
	3.6 Conclusion
	References
4 Augmented Artificial Intelligence
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Augmented AI Versus Complete Automation
	4.3 Key Features and Example Applications
	4.4 A Case Study in Augmented AI: Radiology
	4.5 Changes in the Workforce
		4.5.1 How Will Organizations Change?
		4.5.2 Demand for Technological Skills
		4.5.3 Cognitive Skills and the Future of Work: Is There a Mismatch?
		4.5.4 New-Collar Versus White-Collar Jobs
		4.5.5 Adaptation in the C-Suite
	4.6 Automation and the Future of Work: Examples from Three Industrial Sectors
		4.6.1 Banking and Insurance
		4.6.2 Manufacturing
		4.6.3 Retail
	4.7 Conclusion
	References
5 AI Ethics and Policy
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 AI Versus Digital Ethics
	5.3 The Philosophy of Ethics: A Brief Review
	5.4 AI Ethics in Policy
		5.4.1 Case Study 1: The European Union General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
			5.4.1.1 Enforcement of GDPR
		5.4.2 Case Study 2: The United States National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA)
	5.5 AI Ethics in Research and Higher Education
	5.6 Conclusion
	References
6 What Is on the Horizon?
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Can AI Copyright Its Own Art?
	6.3 Legal Issues Around Deepfakes
	6.4 AI's Explainability Crisis
	6.5 More Vigorous Algorithmic Regulation
	6.6 Increasing Convergence of Emerging Technologies
	6.7 Concluding Notes
	References
Glossary
	References
Index