Artificial Intelligence And Its Discontents: Critiques From The Social Sciences And Humanities

Acknowledgments
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Introduction: Critical Insights—Bringing the social sciences and humanities to AI
	The Birth of AI Criticism: Discontent from Within
	From Social Problems to Machines: Connecting Criticism to Computing
	Collecting Critical Approaches: Chapter Overview
	Part I: Posthumanism
	Part II: Human Values
	Part III: Media and Language
	Part IV: Governance
	Part V: Resistance
	References
Posthumanism
Virtually Grown Up: Posthumanism and Artificial Intelligence in Fiction for Young People
	Rectification or Wreckage? Posthumanism, AI, and Literary Theory
	Screened Out: Aetonormativity and YLM in the Digital Era
	Kids, Grown-Ups, and Virtuality: The Semiotic Intersection of Aetonormativity and AI
	References
The Feminised Robot: Labour and Harawayan Afterlives
	Introduction—What’s Behind the Curtain?
	A Return to Labour
	The Feminised Robot
	How Does It Work?
	Conclusion
	Works Cited
Human values
AI’s Fast and Furtive Spread by Infusion into Technologies That Are Already in Use—A Critical Assessment
	Introduction
	Beneficence
		Advantages
		Open Issues
	Non-maleficence
		Privacy Infringement
		Online Nudging
		Nature of the Harms
	Justice
		Varying Preferences
		Personalized Experiences
		Centralization of Online Influence
	Autonomy
		AI in Online Choice Environments
		Who Hands Over Decision-Support Powers to AI?
	Explicability
		When Does AI Work?
		The Ambiguity Surrounding Version Updates
	Concluding Remarks
	References
Dumbwaiters and Smartphones: The Responsibility of Intelligence
	Deaf and Dumb
	Call and Response
	Purpose Driven Life
	Smart Furniture, Intelligent Algorithms
	Speak Up
	Artful Dodgers
	References
Media and Language
Artificial Intelligence: A Medium that Hides Its Nature
	Dialogue and Anthropomorphism
	AI and Writing
	Finding the Author in Knowledge Medium
	AI as a Medium in Images
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Gender Bias in Machine Translation Systems
	Introduction
	AI Ethics Guidelines and Natural Language Processing
	Bias in Natural Language Processing
	Gender Bias in Machine Translation Training Data
	Mitigating Gender Bias in Machine Translation Systems
	Conclusion
	References
Governance
Not Anytime Soon: The Clinical Translation of Nanorobots and Its Biocompatibility-Interdisciplinarity Critique
	Introduction
	How We Got Here: The Quest for Higher AI
	Where We Are: The Pursuit of Strong-(Bio)AI
	Bio-AI and Its Biocompatibility Problem
	Bio-AI and Its Translatability Within a Regulatory Context
	Where Next: Contextualising Bio-AI Within Its Environment
	Conclusion
	References
Controversial Covid-19 Contact-Tracing App in India: Digital Self-Defence, Governance and Surveillance
	Introduction
		Aarogya Setu
	Discussion
		Governance
		Surveillance
		Data Justice
		Legal Contours
		Privacy
	Conclusion
	References
‘Intelligent Justice’: AI Implementations in China’s Legal Systems
	Introduction
		The Structure and Environment of China’s AI Research
		China’s Judicial Challenges
	Intelligent Perception
		Perceptual Technologies in Public Security
		Perceptual Intelligence in the Judiciary
	Intelligent Cognition
		Cognitive Assistance in Use
		Challenges to the Cognitive Model
	Intelligent Decision-Making
		Autonomous Applications in the Public Sphere
		Digitized Agency and Future Considerations
	Conclusion
	References
Resistance
Artificial Intelligence Between Oppression and Resistance: Black Feminist Perspectives on Emerging Technologies
	Introduction
	Black Feminist Theory—Brief Overview
	AI & the Oppression of Black Women
	Economic Oppression
	Political Oppression
	Cultural Oppression
	AI & Resistance by Black Women
	Political Activism
	New Frameworks for the Study of AI-Based Technologies
	Technology Designs for Social Justice
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Predators in the Attention Economy: Identification and Defense
	From Cyberia to Surveillance Capitalism
	Predators in the Attention Economy: The Risks
		Backs up Against the Future
	Consequences: From Neoliberalism to Neofeudalism
	Options
	Option 1—Just Say No: #OptOut Movements
	Option 2—Technology Ethics
	Option 3: Antitrust Legislation
	Option 4: Kill the King—Overthrow Capitalism!
	Option 5: Brain Surgery on the Two Superintelligent Social Systems
	Reconstructing the Future
Index