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دانلود کتاب Arthroscopy and Endoscopy of the Elbow, Wrist and Hand: Surgical Anatomy and Techniques
دانلود کتاب آرتروسکوپی و آندوسکوپی آرنج، مچ دست و دست: آناتومی و تکنیک های جراحی
مشخصات کتاب
Arthroscopy and Endoscopy of the Elbow, Wrist and Hand: Surgical Anatomy and Techniques
ویرایش: [1st ed. 2022] نویسندگان: Deepak N. Bhatia (editor), Gregory I. Bain (editor), Gary G. Poehling (editor), Benjamin R. Graves (editor) سری: ISBN (شابک) : 3030794229, 9783030794224 ناشر: Springer سال نشر: 2021 تعداد صفحات: 1212 [1122] زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 143 Mb
قیمت کتاب (تومان) : 32,000
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توجه داشته باشید کتاب آرتروسکوپی و آندوسکوپی آرنج، مچ دست و دست: آناتومی و تکنیک های جراحی نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب آرتروسکوپی و آندوسکوپی آرنج، مچ دست و دست: آناتومی و تکنیک های جراحی
این کتاب به بررسی پیشرفت‌های اخیر متعدد در جراحی آرتروسکوپی و آندوسکوپی مفاصل کوچکتر اندام فوقانی - آرنج، مچ دست و دست می‌پردازد. با ارائه تمام اطلاعات لازم به خوانندگان، یعنی آناتومی جراحی مربوطه و شرح واضح مراحل فنی، به طور منحصر به فرد و جامع تکنیک های آرتروسکوپی و آندوسکوپی مفاصل کوچک را در یک نشریه ارائه می دهد.
روش ها بر اساس آسیب شناسی تقسیم بندی می شوند. (بی ثباتی، شکستگی، و غیره) یا گروه بندی شده بر اساس منطقه در منطقه تشریحی و شامل آناتومی مربوطه، تشریح جسد گسترده، دستگاه ها و ابزار دقیق، روش های جراحی، مروارید و دام. تصاویر رنگی با کیفیت بالا شرح تکنیک‌های جراحی را ساده‌تر و تکمیل می‌کنند.
نوشته شده توسط پیشگامان این تکنیک‌ها، این کتاب به عنوان یک منبع مرجع به‌روز طراحی شده است. برای جراحان ارتوپدی جدید و پیشرفته که می خواهند با این تکنیک ها آشنا شوند.
توضیحاتی درمورد کتاب به خارجی
This book explores the numerous recent advances in arthroscopic and endoscopic surgery of the smaller joints of the upper extremity – elbow, wrist, and hand. Providing readers with all necessary information, i.e. relevant surgical anatomy and a clear description of technical steps, it uniquely and comprehensively presents arthroscopic and endoscopic techniques of small joints in one publication.
The procedures are subdivided according to the pathology (instability, fractures, etc.) or grouped by the region within the anatomical area and include the relevant anatomy, extensive cadaveric dissections, devices and instrumentation, surgical procedures, pearls and pitfalls. High-quality colour illustrations further simplify and complement the description of surgical techniques.
Written by pioneers of these techniques, the book is designed to be an up-to-date reference resource for both new and advanced orthopaedic surgeons wanting to become familiar with these techniques.
فهرست مطالب
Foreword Preface ISAKOS Elbow Wrist and Hand Committee Aim of the Book Organization and Content Acknowledgments Contents Part I: History 1: The Early Development of Arthroscopy 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Primitive Phase 1.3 Early Development 1.4 The Beginnings of Therapeutic Arthroscopy 1.5 A Period of Refinement 1.6 Timeline References 2: History of Wrist Arthroscopy 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Early Wrist Arthroscopy 2.3 A Match Was Struck 2.4 Broadening the Possibilities 2.5 Organizations 2.6 Journals and Books 2.7 Timeline References Part II: Elbow: Basic Science 3: Clinical Anatomy of the Elbow 3.1 Clinical Anatomy of the Elbow 3.1.1 Osseous Anatomy 3.1.2 Subcutaneous Plane 3.1.3 Deep Investing Fascia of the Upper Limb 3.2 Muscular Layer 3.2.1 Biceps Brachii Muscle 3.2.2 Triceps Brachii Muscle 3.2.3 Anconeus Muscle 3.2.4 Supinator Muscle 3.2.5 Cubital Fossa 3.2.6 Pronator Teres Muscle 3.2.7 Brachialis Muscle 3.2.8 Brachioradialis Muscle 3.2.9 Extensor Muscles 3.2.10 Neural Tubes About the Elbow 3.2.11 Ulnar Nerve 3.2.12 Radial Nerve 3.2.13 Median Nerve 3.2.14 Capsular Anatomy 3.2.15 Ulnar Collateral Ligament 3.2.16 Lateral Ligament Complex References 4: Elbow Anatomy: A Layered Approach 4.1 Background 4.2 Anatomical Layers of the Elbow References 5: Surgical Anatomy of the Nerves Around the Elbow 5.1 Background 5.2 Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb 5.3 Radial Nerve 5.3.1 Radial Tunnel and Posterior Interosseous Nerve 5.4 Median Nerve 5.4.1 The Supracondylar Process and Ligament of Struthers 5.4.2 Lacertus Fibrosus and the Pronator Teres 5.5 Ulnar Nerve 5.5.1 Arcade of Struthers 5.5.2 Medial Intermuscular Septum 5.5.3 Anconeus Epitrochlearis Muscle 5.5.4 Cubital Tunnel 5.5.5 Deep Flexor-Pronator Aponeurosis 5.6 Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Forearm 5.6.1 Lateral Free Edge of the Biceps Tendon 5.7 Arthroscopic Portals and Neurovascular Structures References 6: Arthroscopic Equipment and Set-Up for Elbow Arthroscopy 6.1 Background 6.2 Planning and Layout 6.3 Anaesthesia 6.4 Positioning 6.5 Equipment 6.6 Getting Started 6.7 Tips and Tricks References 7: Portals and Technique for Diagnostic Elbow Arthroscopy 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Indications 7.3 Contraindications 7.4 Equipment 7.5 Position 7.6 The Elbow “Joint Box” Concept 7.7 Surface Anatomy 7.8 Joint Distension 7.9 Portals 7.10 The “2 cm Rule” 7.10.1 Anterior Compartment 7.10.2 Posterior Compartment 7.11 Tips and Tricks 7.12 Pitfalls 7.13 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 7.14 Complications 7.15 Results References 8: Transarticular Posterolateral Portal for Elbow Arthroscopy 8.1 Background 8.2 Indications and Contraindications 8.3 Surgical Technique 8.4 Tips and Tricks 8.5 Pitfalls 8.6 Complications References 9: Dry Elbow Arthroscopy 9.1 Background 9.2 Indications 9.3 Surgical Technique 9.4 Tips and Tricks 9.5 Pitfalls References Part III: Elbow: Instability 10: Classification of Elbow Instability 10.1 Background 10.2 Classification 10.2.1 SICSeG Elbow Instability Classification 10.2.1.1 Simple Acute 10.2.1.2 Simple Recurrent 10.2.1.3 Simple Persistent 10.2.1.4 Complex Acute 10.2.1.5 Complex Recurrent 10.2.1.6 Complex Persistent 10.3 Summary References 11: Arthroscopic Evaluation of Elbow Instability 11.1 Background 11.2 Surgical Anatomy 11.3 Surgical Technique 11.4 Pitfalls References 12: Ten-Point Arthroscopic Assessment of Chronic Elbow Instability 12.1 Background 12.2 Indications and Contraindications 12.3 Surgical Technique 12.3.1 Anterior Compartment Signs 12.3.1.1 Traction Test: RC Distraction and Telescoping Signs 12.3.1.2 Anterior Radiocapitellar Drive-through Sign 12.3.1.3 Radiocapitellar Posterior Drawer Test 12.3.1.4 Varus Stress Test 12.3.1.5 Valgus Stress Test 12.3.1.6 Accessory Signs of Instability/Laxity 12.3.2 Posterior Compartment Evaluation and Signs 12.3.2.1 Ulnotrochlear Widening 12.3.2.2 Arthroscopic Rotatory Instability Test (Pull and Rotate) 12.3.2.3 Posterior Drive-Through Sign 12.3.2.4 Posterior Capitellar Defect (Osborne and Cotterill Lesion) References 13: Arthroscopic Evaluation of Elbow Instability: An Alternative Technique 13.1 Background 13.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 13.2 Indications and Contraindications 13.3 Surgical Technique 13.3.1 Posterior Compartment 13.3.2 Anterior Compartment 13.4 Technical Tips 13.5 Pitfalls 13.6 Post-op Management and Rehabilitation 13.7 Complications References 14: Arthroscopic Repair of Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries 14.1 Background 14.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 14.2 Indications/Contraindications 14.3 Surgical Technique 14.3.1 Arthroscopic LUCL Repair 14.3.2 Arthroscopic Plication 14.3.3 Open Technique 14.4 Tips and Tricks 14.5 Pitfalls 14.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 14.7 Results References 15: Arthroscopic Lateral Collateral Ligament Imbrication 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Surgical Anatomy 15.3 Indications and Contraindications 15.4 Surgical Technique 15.5 Tips and Tricks 15.6 Pitfalls 15.7 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 15.8 Complications 15.9 Results References 16: Arthroscopic Plication in Medial and Lateral Elbow Instability 16.1 Background 16.2 Indications and Contraindications 16.3 Surgical Techniques 16.3.1 Arthroscopically Assisted Plication of Medial Collateral Ligament 16.3.2 Arthroscopic R-LCL Plication 16.4 Postoperative Rehabilitation and Management References 17: The Posterolateral Ligament of the Elbow: Surgical Anatomy, Assessment and Repair Technique 17.1 Background 17.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 17.2 Indications and Contraindications 17.3 Surgical Technique 17.3.1 Open PLL Repair 17.3.2 Arthroscopic PLL Repair 17.4 Tips and Tricks 17.5 Pitfalls 17.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 17.7 Complications References 18: Lateral and Medial Elbow Instability: Graft Reconstruction Techniques 18.1 Background 18.2 Indications and Contraindications 18.3 Surgical Technique 18.3.1 UCL Reconstruction 18.3.2 LUCL Reconstruction 18.4 Tips and Tricks 18.5 Pitfalls 18.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 18.7 Complications References 19: Arthroscopic Management of Posterior Elbow Impingement in Athletes 19.1 Background 19.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 19.2 Indications/Contraindications 19.3 Surgical Technique 19.4 Tips and Tricks 19.5 Pitfalls 19.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 19.7 Complications References 20: Valgus Extension Overload 20.1 Background 20.2 Surgical Anatomy 20.3 Indications and Contraindications 20.4 Surgical Technique 20.4.1 Posterior Compartment 20.4.2 Anterior Compartment 20.5 Tips and Tricks 20.6 Pitfalls 20.7 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 20.8 Complications 20.9 Results References Part IV: Elbow: Fractures 21: Arthroscopic Approaches to Radial Head Fracture Fixation 21.1 Background 21.2 General Considerations 21.3 Lateral Portals 21.4 Medial Portals 21.5 Posterior Portals 21.6 Conclusion References 22: Arthroscopic Reduction and Internal Fixation of Elbow Fractures 22.1 Background 22.2 Radial Head Fractures 22.2.1 Indications and Contraindications 22.2.2 Surgical Technique 22.2.2.1 Portals 22.2.2.2 Reduction 22.2.2.3 Fixation 22.3 Fractures of the Capitellum and Trochlea 22.3.1 Indications and Contraindications 22.3.2 Surgical Technique 22.4 Fractures of the Coronoid Process 22.4.1 Indications and Contraindications 22.4.2 Surgical Technique 22.5 Combined Radial Head and Coronoid Fractures 22.5.1 Indications and Contraindications 22.5.2 Surgical Technique 22.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation References 23: Arthroscopic Fixation of Elbow Fractures: How I Do It 23.1 Background 23.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 23.2 Indications and Contraindications 23.3 Surgical Technique 23.3.1 Radial Head Fractures 23.3.2 Coronoid Fractures 23.3.3 Capitellum Fractures 23.4 Postop Management and Rehabilitation 23.5 Complications 23.6 Results References 24: Arthroscopic Fixation of Radial Neck Fractures in Children 24.1 Background 24.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 24.2 Indications and Contraindications 24.3 Surgical Technique 24.4 Tips and Tricks 24.5 Pitfalls 24.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 24.7 Complications References 25: Arthroscopic Radial Head Resection Using the “Radial Head Portal” 25.1 Background 25.2 Surgical Anatomy 25.3 Indications and Contraindications 25.4 Surgical Technique 25.4.1 Arthroscopic Excision of an Intact Radial Head 25.4.2 Arthroscopic Excision of a Fractured Radial Head 25.5 Tips and Tricks 25.6 Pitfalls 25.7 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation References 26: Arthroscopic Fixation of Coronoid Fractures: Retrograde Wire Technique 26.1 Background 26.2 Indications and Contraindications 26.3 Surgical Technique 26.4 Tips and Tricks 26.5 Pitfalls 26.6 Postoperative Rehabilitation 26.7 Complications References 27: Arthroscopic Fixation of Coronoid Fractures: Antegrade Wire Technique 27.1 Background 27.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 27.2 Indications and Contraindications 27.3 Surgical Technique 27.4 Tips and Tricks 27.5 Pitfalls 27.6 Rehabilitation Protocol 27.7 Complications References 28: Arthroscopic-Assisted Fixation of Capitello-Trochlear Fractures 28.1 Background 28.2 Surgical Anatomy 28.3 Indications and Contraindications 28.4 Surgical Technique 28.5 Tips and Tricks 28.6 Pitfalls 28.7 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 28.8 Complications 28.9 Results 28.10 Summary References 29: Arthroscopic Capitellum Excision and Capitelloplasty 29.1 Background 29.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 29.2 Indications and Contraindications 29.3 Surgical Technique 29.3.1 Arthroscopic Excision of a Comminuted Capitellum Fracture 29.3.2 Arthroscopic Capitellar Screw Removal and Capitellar Debridement 29.3.3 Arthroscopic Excision of a Capitellum Fracture Nonunion 29.3.4 Arthroscopic Excision of a Malunited Capitellum Fracture 29.3.5 Arthroscopic Excision of a Posterior Capitellum Fracture 29.4 Tips and Tricks 29.5 Pitfalls 29.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation References Part V: Elbow: Osteochondritis Dessicans 30: Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Elbow: Concepts of Etiology 30.1 Background 30.1.1 At-Risk Factors 30.1.2 The At-Risk Individual 30.1.3 Osseous Factors: Microarchitecture 30.1.4 Vascular Factors and the Compartment Syndrome Model 30.1.4.1 Arterial Factors 30.1.4.2 Venous Factors 30.1.4.3 Intraosseous Factors 30.1.4.4 The Compartment Syndrome Model 30.2 Conclusions References 31: Arthroscopic Treatment of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Elbow 31.1 Background 31.2 Surgical Anatomy 31.3 Indications and Contraindications 31.4 Surgical Technique 31.5 Tips and Tricks 31.6 Pitfalls 31.7 Postop Management and Rehab 31.8 Complications 31.9 Results References 32: Arthroscopic Evaluation and Management of Osteochondritis Dissecans 32.1 Background 32.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 32.2 Indications and Contraindications 32.3 Surgical Techniques 32.4 Results 32.5 Conclusions and Future Directions References 33: Elbow Osteochondritis Dissecans: Arthroscopy and Reconstructive Procedures 33.1 Introduction 33.2 Surgical Anatomy 33.3 Indications and Contraindications 33.4 Surgical Techniques 33.4.1 Surgical Procedures 33.5 Technical Tips 33.6 Pitfalls 33.7 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 33.8 Complications 33.9 Results Reference Part VI: Elbow: Epicondylitis 34: Arthroscopic Anatomic Insertional Release (AAIR) Procedure for Refractory Lateral Epicondilitis 34.1 Background 34.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 34.2 Indications/Contraindications 34.3 Surgical Technique 34.4 Tips and Tricks 34.5 Pitfalls 34.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation References 35: Posterior Interosseous Nerve Release in Lateral Epicondylitis 35.1 Background 35.2 Surgical Anatomy 35.3 Indications 35.4 Contraindications 35.5 Surgical Technique 35.6 Tips and Tricks 35.7 Pitfalls 35.8 Post-operative Rehabilitation 35.9 Complications References 36: Lateral Epicondylitis and Symptomatic Minor Instability of the Lateral Elbow (SMILE) 36.1 Background 36.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 36.2 Indications and Contraindications 36.3 Surgical Technique 36.4 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 36.5 Complications References Part VII: Elbow: Arthritis and Contractures 37: Classification of Elbow Stiffness 37.1 Background 37.2 Classification 37.2.1 Plane of Motion 37.2.2 Severity 37.2.3 Etiology 37.2.4 Prognosis 37.2.5 Anatomical Location 37.2.6 S.T.I.F. Classification 37.3 Treatment Algorithm References 38: Arthroscopic Adhesiolysis in a Stiff Elbow 38.1 Background 38.2 Indications and Contraindications 38.3 Surgical Technique 38.4 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 38.5 Tips and Tricks 38.6 Pitfalls 38.7 Results References 39: All-Endoscopic Sub-brachialis Capsulectomy for Severe Elbow Contractures 39.1 Background 39.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 39.2 Indications and Contraindications 39.3 Surgical Technique 39.3.1 Portals 39.3.2 Sub-brachialis Space Endoscopy 39.3.3 Radiocapitellar Joint Localization 39.3.4 Lateral Safe Zone Capsulectomy 39.3.5 Far Lateral Capsulectomy 39.3.6 Proximal (Supracondylar) Capsulectomy 39.3.7 Medial Capsulectomy 39.4 Tips and Tricks 39.5 Pitfalls 39.6 Post-operative Management and Rehabilitation 39.7 Complications References 40: Arthroscopic Management of Elbow Osteoarthritis 40.1 Background 40.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 40.2 Indications 40.3 Surgical Technique 40.3.1 Management of Nerves 40.3.2 Extra-articular Posterior Band of the Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) 40.3.3 Radial Head Resection 40.3.4 Humeral Fenestration 40.3.5 Capsulectomy 40.3.6 Microfractures and Chondroplasty 40.4 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 40.5 Complications 40.6 Conclusion References 41: Arthroscopic Transhumeral Ulnohumeral Arthroplasty 41.1 Background 41.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 41.2 Indications and Contraindications 41.3 Surgical Technique 41.4 Tips and Tricks 41.5 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 41.6 Complications References 42: Arthroscopic Ulnohumeral Arthroplasty 42.1 Background 42.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 42.2 Indications and Contraindications 42.3 Surgical Technique 42.4 Tips and Tricks 42.5 Pitfalls 42.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 42.7 Complications 42.8 Results References 43: Arthroscopic Partial Radial Head Resection for Rheumatoid Arthritis 43.1 Background 43.2 Indications and Contraindications 43.3 Surgical Technique 43.4 Tips and Tricks 43.5 Pitfalls 43.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 43.7 Complications 43.8 Results 44: Arthroscopic Releases of the Proximal Radioulnar Joint 44.1 Background 44.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 44.2 Indication and Contraindications 44.3 Surgical Technique 44.3.1 Arthroscopic Assessment 44.3.2 Arthroscopic Surgical Release 44.4 Tips and Tricks 44.5 Postoperative Rehabilitation and Management 44.6 Complications References Part VIII: Elbow Tumour-Like Lesions 45: Arthroscopic Transarticular Excision of Elbow Ganglion Cyst 45.1 Background 45.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 45.2 Indications and Contraindications 45.3 Surgical Technique 45.3.1 Portals 45.3.2 Diagnostic Arthroscopy and Synovectomy 45.3.3 Transarticular Cystoscopy 45.3.4 Cyst Excision 45.3.5 Final Assessment 45.4 Tips and Tricks 45.5 Pitfalls 45.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 45.7 Complications References 46: Arthroscopic Management of Intra-articular Benign Tumours of the Elbow 46.1 Background 46.2 Indications and Contraindications 46.3 Surgical Technique 46.3.1 Portals 46.3.2 Osteoid Osteoma 46.3.3 Synovial Chondromatosis 46.3.4 Vascular Malformation 46.4 Tips and Tricks 46.5 Pitfalls 46.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation References Part IX: Biceps Tendon 47: Distal Biceps Anatomy: Structural Morphometry and Dynamic Relationships 47.1 Background 47.2 Structural Anatomy of the Distal Biceps 47.2.1 Tendon Course and Extent 47.2.2 Tendon Zones and Components 47.3 Osseous Anatomy 47.3.1 Bicipital Tuberosity 47.3.2 Footprint Anatomy 47.3.3 Proximal Radioulnar Space 47.4 Neurovascular Anatomy 47.4.1 Neurovascular Relations 47.4.2 Neurovascular Anatomy at-Risk 47.4.3 Dynamic Neurovascular Relations References 48: The “All-Endoscopic” Approach to Distal Biceps: Overview, Portals, and Anatomy-at-Risk 48.1 Background 48.2 Indications and Contraindications 48.3 Endoscopy Portals and Anatomy at-Risk References 49: All-Endoscopic Management of Partial Tears of Distal Biceps Tendon 49.1 Background 49.2 Indications and Contraindications 49.3 Surgical Technique 49.3.1 Portals 49.3.2 Intrabursal Assessment 49.3.3 The “Endoscopic Probe Test” and Appearance of Partial Tears 49.3.4 Endoscopic Appearance of Complete Tears 49.3.5 Partial DBT Tear Debridement 49.4 Tips and Tricks 49.5 Pitfalls 49.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 49.7 Complications References 50: All-Endoscopic Repair of Complete Retracted Distal Biceps Ruptures 50.1 Background 50.2 Indications 50.3 Contraindications 50.4 Surgical Technique 50.4.1 Portals 50.4.2 Diagnostic Endoscopy 50.4.3 Tendon Retrieval and Preparation 50.4.4 Tendon Shuttling Technique Across the Cubital Fossa 50.4.5 Tuberosity Preparation 50.4.6 Tendon Reattachment 50.4.7 Final Assessment 50.5 Tips and Tricks 50.6 Pitfalls 50.7 Postoperative Management, Rehabilitation, and Return to Sport 50.8 Complications References 51: All-Endoscopic Autograft Augmentation and Reconstruction of Chronic Retracted Distal Biceps Tendon Tears 51.1 Introduction 51.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 51.2 Indications/Contraindications 51.3 Surgical Technique 51.4 Tips and Tricks 51.5 Pitfalls 51.6 Postoperative Management, Rehabilitation, and Return to Sport 51.7 Complications References 52: Endoscopic-Assisted Onlay Repair for Distal Biceps Tears 52.1 Background 52.2 Indications and Contraindications 52.3 Surgical Technique 52.4 Tips and Tricks 52.5 Pitfalls 52.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation References 53: Endoscopic-Assisted Footprint Repair of Distal Biceps Tendon Ruptures 53.1 Background 53.2 Surgical Anatomy and Biomechanics 53.3 Indications and Contraindications 53.4 Surgical Technique 53.5 Tips and Tricks 53.6 Pitfalls 53.7 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation Protocol 53.8 Results References 54: Minimally Invasive Acute Distal Biceps Repair 54.1 Background 54.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 54.2 Indications and Contraindications 54.3 Surgical Technique 54.4 Tips and Tricks 54.5 Pitfalls 54.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 54.7 Complications References Part X: Triceps Tendon 55: Surgical Anatomy of the Distal Triceps Tendon 55.1 Introduction 55.2 The Triceps Muscle 55.3 The Triceps Tendon 55.4 The Distal Tendinous Insertion and Triceps Footprint 55.5 Surgical Considerations References 56: Endoscopic Distal Triceps Repair 56.1 Background 56.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 56.2 Indications and Contraindications 56.3 Surgical Steps 56.3.1 Portals 56.4 Tips and Tricks 56.5 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitatiion 56.6 Complications References 57: Acute and Chronic Triceps Tendon Tears: Transosseous Repair Technique 57.1 Background 57.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 57.2 Indications and Contraindications 57.3 Surgical Technique 57.4 Tips and Tricks 57.5 Pitfalls 57.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 57.7 Complications References Part XI: Elbow: Ulnar Nerve 58: Endoscopic Ulnar Nerve Decompression 58.1 Background 58.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 58.2 Indications and Contraindications 58.3 Surgical Technique 58.4 Tips and Tricks 58.5 Pitfalls 58.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 58.7 Complications References 59: Endoscopic Ulnar Nerve Release and Transposition: Two Portal Technique 59.1 Background 59.2 Indications and Contraindications 59.3 Surgical Techniques 59.3.1 Ulnar Nerve Decompression 59.3.2 Anterior Transposition: Two Portal Technique 59.4 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 59.5 Tips and Tricks 59.6 Complications 59.7 Results References 60: Endoscopic Ulnar Nerve Release and Transposition: Single Portal Technique 60.1 Background 60.2 Surgical Anatomy 60.3 Indications and Contraindications 60.4 Surgical Technique 60.5 In Situ Decompression 60.5.1 Preliminary Dissection 60.5.2 Distal Endoscopic Decompression 60.5.3 Proximal Endoscopic Decompression 60.5.4 Final Assessment 60.6 Anterior Transposition 60.7 Technical Tips 60.8 Pitfalls 60.9 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 60.10 Complications 60.11 Results References 61: Endoscopic Robotic Decompression of the Ulnar Nerve 61.1 Introduction 61.2 Indications and Contraindications 61.3 Surgical Technique 61.4 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation References Part XII: Elbow Endoscopy: Evolving Techniques 62: Endoscopic Olecranon Bursectomy and Spur Resection 62.1 Background 62.2 Surgical Anatomy 62.3 Indications and Contraindications 62.4 Surgical Technique 62.5 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 62.6 Complications 62.7 Results References 63: Endoscopic Four Compartment Decompression for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome 63.1 Background 63.2 Surgical Anatomy 63.2.1 The Lateral Mobile Wad Compartment 63.2.2 Dorsal Compartment 63.2.3 Superficial Volar Compartment 63.2.4 Deep Volar Compartment 63.3 Indications and Contraindications 63.4 Surgical Steps 63.4.1 Surface Markings 63.4.2 Extensor Release 63.4.3 Flexor Release 63.5 Technical Tips 63.6 Pitfalls 63.7 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 63.8 Complications References 64: Endoscopic Forearm Fasciotomy: How I Do it 64.1 Background 64.2 Surgical Anatomy 64.3 Indications and Contraindications 64.4 Surgical Steps 64.5 Technical Tips 64.6 Pitfalls 64.7 Postoperative Management and Rehab 64.8 Complications 64.9 Results References 65: Arthroscopic Management of the Painful Elbow Arthroplasty 65.1 Background 65.2 Role of Elbow Arthroscopy in TEA 65.3 Steps in the Management Painful Elbow Arthroplasty 65.4 Surgical Technique 65.5 Tips and Tricks 65.6 Pitfalls 65.7 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 65.8 Complications References 66: Endoscopic Pronator Release (Proximal Forearm Median Nerve Decompression) 66.1 Background 66.2 Indications and Contraindications 66.3 Surgical Technique 66.4 Postoperative Care 66.5 Pitfalls and Complications 66.6 Results References Part XIII: Wrist: Basic Science 67: Functional Anatomy of the Wrist 67.1 Background 67.2 Microanatomy of the Distal Radius 67.2.1 The Arch Bridge Concept 67.3 Articulations 67.4 Ligaments 67.5 Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) 67.6 Fibro-osseous Tunnels 67.7 Extrinsic Extensor Tendons 67.8 The Volar Wrist Flexors and the ‘Pulley System’ References 68: Clinical Biomechanics of the Wrist 68.1 Introduction 68.2 Carpal Kinetics 68.2.1 Columns, Rows and Rings 68.2.1.1 Loading Columns 68.2.1.2 The Rows 68.2.1.3 Forearm Row Radius Ulna Proximal Carpal Row Lunate Scaphoid Triquetrum Distal Carpal Row Capitate Trapezium and Trapazoid STT Joint Hamate Pisiform 68.2.1.4 Ligamental Rings 68.2.1.5 Tendons 68.2.1.6 Neuromuscular Coordination 68.3 Carpal Kinematics 68.3.1 Dart Throwers Motion (DTM) 68.3.2 Radioulnar Deviation 68.3.3 Flexion and Extension 68.3.4 Prono-supination 68.3.5 Anatomic Variations Affecting Carpal Kinematics 68.3.5.1 Row and Column Type Wrists 68.3.5.2 Lunate Morphology 68.3.5.3 Scaphoid Kinematics 68.4 Carpal Instability Patterns 68.4.1 Dynamic Computed Tomography (4D CT) 68.4.2 Scapholunate Instability 68.5 Summary References 69: Arthroscopic Equipment and Set Up for Wrist Arthroscopy 69.1 Background 69.2 Planning and Layout 69.3 Anaesthesia 69.4 Positioning 69.5 Equipment 69.6 Getting Started 69.7 Tips and Tricks References 70: Diagnostic Arthroscopy of the Wrist: Anatomy and Portals 70.1 Background 70.2 Indications and Contraindications 70.3 Dorsal Anatomy for Wrist Arthroscopy 70.4 Dorsal Portals 70.4.1 Radiocarpal Space 70.4.1.1 1-2 and 2-2 Dorsal Portals (Fig. 70.2) 70.4.1.2 3-4 Dorsal Portal (Fig. 70.3) 70.4.1.3 4-5 Dorsal Portal (Fig. 70.4) 70.4.1.4 6-R Dorsal Portal (Fig. 70.5) 70.4.1.5 6-U Dorsal Portal (Fig. 70.5) 70.4.2 Midcarpal Space (Figs. 70.6 and 70.7) 70.4.2.1 Radial Midcarpal Portal (MC-R) 70.4.2.2 Ulnar Midcarpal Portal (MC-U) 70.5 Additional Portals 70.5.1 Volar Radial Portal 70.5.2 Volar Ulnar Portal 70.5.3 Distal Radioulnar Joint Portals 70.6 Diagnostic Arthroscopy of the Wrist 70.7 Diagnostic Wrist Arthroscopy: Author’s Preferred Technique 70.7.1 Establish Visualization and Working Portals 70.7.2 Diagnostic Arthroscopy: Radiocarpal Space 70.7.3 Diagnostic Arthroscopy: Midcarpal Space 70.8 Potential Complications References 71: Wrist Portals and Arthroscopic Anatomy 71.1 Dorsal Radiocarpal Portals 71.1.1 1/2 Portal 71.1.1.1 Visualized Structures At the Entry Point (Fig. 71.3) Moving the Vision Field to the Ulnar Zone (Fig. 71.4) 71.1.1.2 Neurovascular Structures-at-Risk 71.1.2 3/4 Portal 71.1.2.1 Visualized Structures At the Entry Point (Fig. 71.6) Moving the Vision Field to Radial (Fig. 71.6) Moving the Vision Field to Ulnar (Fig. 71.7) 71.1.2.2 Neurovascular Structures at Risk 71.1.3 4/5 Portal 71.1.3.1 Visualized Structures At the Entry Point (Fig. 71.9) Moving the Vision Field to Radial (Fig. 71.10) Displacement of the Field of Vision Toward Ulnar 71.1.3.2 Neurovascular Structures-at-Risk 71.1.4 6R Portal 71.1.4.1 Visualized Structures At the Entry Point (Fig. 71.12) Moving the Vision Field to Radial (Fig. 71.13) Moving the Vision Field to Ulnar (Fig. 71.14) 71.1.4.2 Neurovascular Structures-at-Risk 71.1.5 6U Portal 71.1.5.1 Visualized Structures At the Entry Point (Fig. 71.15) Moving the Vision Field to Radial (Fig. 71.16) 71.1.5.2 Neurovascular Structures-at-Risk 71.2 Midcarpal Dorsal Portals 71.2.1 Radial Midcarpal Portal (RMC) 71.2.1.1 Visualized Structures At the Entry Point (Fig. 71.19) Moving the Vision Field to Radial (STT Joint) (Fig. 71.20) Moving the Vision Field to Ulnar (Fig. 71.21) 71.2.1.2 Neurovascular Structures at Risk 71.2.2 Ulnar Midcarpal Portal (UMC) 71.2.2.1 Visualized Structures At the Entry Point (Fig. 71.23) Moving the Vision Field to Radial (Fig. 71.24) Moving the Vision Field to Ulnar 71.2.2.2 Neurovascular Structures at Risk 71.3 Volar Portals 71.3.1 Volar Radial (VR) Portal 71.3.1.1 Visualized Structures (Fig. 71.30) 71.3.1.2 Neurovascular Structures at Risk 71.3.2 Volar Ulnar (VU) Portal 71.3.2.1 Visualized Structures (Fig. 71.33) 71.3.2.2 Neurovascular Structures at Risk 71.3.3 Volar Central Portal 71.3.3.1 Establishment of the Volar Central Radiocarpal Portal 71.3.3.2 Visualized Structures in the Radiocarpal Joint At the Entry Point Moving the Vision Field to Radial Moving the Vision Field to Ulnar 71.3.3.3 Establishment of the Volar Central Midcarpal Portal 71.3.3.4 Visualized Structures in the Midcarpal Joint At the Entry Point Moving the Vision Field to Radial Moving the Vision Field to the Ulnar Side 71.3.3.5 Neurovascular Structures at Risk References Part XIV: Wrist: Scapholunate Arthroscopy 72: Anatomy and Biomechanics of Scapholunate Ligament 72.1 Introduction 72.2 Anatomy 72.3 Biomechanics 72.4 Pathomechanics 72.5 Summary References 73: Surgical Anatomy and Classification of Scapholunate Tears 73.1 Introduction 73.2 Surgical Anatomy 73.3 Surgical Technique 73.3.1 Radiocarpal Assessment 73.3.2 Midcarpal Assessment 73.3.3 Classification of Scapholunate Tears References 74: Arthroscopic Scapholunate Ligament Thermal Shrinkage 74.1 Background 74.2 Surgical Anatomy 74.3 Indications and Contraindications 74.4 Surgical Technique 74.4.1 Diagnostic Arthroscopy 74.4.2 Arthroscopic Thermal Shrinkage 74.4.3 K Wire Stabilization of the Carpus 74.5 Tips and Tricks 74.6 Pitfalls 74.7 Postoperative Rehabilitation and Management 74.8 Complications References 75: Arthroscopic Treatment of Scapholunate Instability 75.1 Background 75.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 75.2 Indications and Contraindications 75.3 Surgical Technique 75.3.1 Arthroscopic Dorsal Capsuloligamentous Repair (ADCLR) 75.3.1.1 Tips and Tricks 75.3.2 Modified Technique Using K-Wire Fixation 75.3.2.1 Tips and Tricks 75.3.3 Modified Technique in Large SL Tears with Instability: Extra-articular Distal and Proximal Capsular Repair Technique 75.3.3.1 Tips and Tricks 75.3.4 Modified Technique Using Anchors 75.4 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation References 76: Modified Brunelli Technique for Scapholunate Reconstruction 76.1 Background 76.2 Surgical Anatomy 76.2.1 Indications and Contraindications 76.3 Surgical Technique 76.4 Tips and Tricks 76.5 Pitfalls 76.6 Post-operative Management and Rehabilitation 76.7 Complications 76.8 Results 77: Arthroscopic Ligamentoplasty for Scapholunate Instability 77.1 Introduction 77.2 Surgical Anatomy 77.3 Indications and Contraindications 77.3.1 Indication 77.3.2 Contraindication 77.4 Surgical Technique 77.4.1 Step 1: Bone Tunnels 77.4.1.1 Scaphoid Tunnel 77.4.1.2 Lunate Tunnel 77.4.2 Step 2: Preparation for Recovering the Graft 77.4.3 Step 3: Harvesting the FCR Tendon Graft 77.4.4 Step 4: Graft Passage and Fixation 77.4.4.1 Scaphoid Passage and Fixation 77.4.4.2 Lunate Passage and Fixation 77.4.5 Step 5: Volar Reconstruction 77.5 Tips and Tricks 77.6 Postoperative Rehabilitation 77.7 Complications References 78: Arthroscopic-Assisted Combined Dorsal and Volar Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction with Tendon Graft for Chronic SL Instability 78.1 Background 78.2 Indications and Contraindications 78.3 Operative Techniques 78.3.1 Patient Preparation and Positioning 78.3.2 Exploration of Radiocarpal Joint and Midcarpal Joint 78.3.3 Taking Down of Intra-articular Fibrosis 78.3.4 Preparation of Scaphoid and Lunate Bone Tunnels 78.3.5 Correction of DISI Deformity 78.3.6 Preparation of Lunate Bone Tunnel 78.3.7 Preparation of Scaphoid Bone Tunnel 78.3.8 Passing the Palmaris Longus Tendon Graft Through the Scaphoid and Lunate Bone Tunnel 78.3.9 Assessment Through Mid-carpal Joint Arthroscopy and Scapho-lunate Interval Reduction with Palmaris Longus Tendon Graft 78.3.10 Closure and Postoperative Care 78.4 Tips and Tricks 78.5 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 78.6 Results 78.7 Conclusion References 79: Arthroscopic Interposition Tendon Arthroplasty for Stage-Two Scapholunate Advanced Collapse 79.1 Introduction 79.2 Surgical Anatomy 79.3 Indications and Contraindications 79.4 Surgical Steps 79.4.1 Diagnostic Arthroscopy 79.4.2 Radial Styloidectomy 79.4.3 Scapholunate Joint Stabilization 79.4.4 Tendon Interposition 79.5 Tips and Tricks 79.6 Pitfalls 79.7 Postoperative Rehabilitation 79.8 Complications References 80: Arthroscopic Resection Arthroplasty for Scapholunate Advanced Collapse (SLAC Wrist) 80.1 Background 80.2 Surgical Anatomy 80.3 Indications and Contraindications 80.4 Surgical Technique 80.5 Tips and Tricks 80.6 Pitfalls 80.7 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 80.8 Complications 80.9 Results References Part XV: Wrist: Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid Arthroscopy 81: Arthroscopic Resection Arthroplasty for Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid Arthritis 81.1 Introduction 81.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 81.2 Indications and Contraindications 81.3 Surgical Technique 81.4 Tips and Tricks 81.5 Pitfalls 81.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 81.7 Complications 81.8 Results References 82: Arthroscopic-Assisted Pyrocarbon Interposition Arthroplasty for Scapho-Trapezium-Trapezoid Joint Arthritis 82.1 Background 82.2 Surgical Anatomy 82.3 Indications and Contraindications 82.4 Surgical Technique 82.4.1 Portals 82.4.2 Distal Resection of the Scaphoid 82.4.3 Pyrocarbon Implant Interposition 82.5 Tips and Tricks 82.6 Pitfalls 82.7 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation References Part XVI: Wrist: Pisotriquetral Arthroscopy 83: Arthroscopy of the Pisotriquetral Joint: An Overview 83.1 Background 83.2 Surgical Anatomy 83.3 Indications and Contraindications 83.4 Surgical Technique 83.5 Tips and Tricks 83.6 Pitfalls 83.7 Postoperative Rehabilitation and Management 83.8 Complications References 84: Pisotriquetral Arthroscopy: Access, Evaluation, and Resection 84.1 Background 84.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 84.2 Indications and Contraindications 84.3 Surgical Technique 84.4 Tips and Tricks 84.5 Pitfalls 84.6 Postoperative Management, Rehabilitation, and Return to Sport References Part XVII: Wrist: Distal Radioulnar Joint 85: Surgical Anatomy of the Distal Radioulnar Joint 85.1 Background 85.2 Osseous Anatomy and Biomechanics 85.3 Soft-Tissue Anatomy 85.3.1 Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex 85.3.2 Interosseous Membrane 85.3.3 Druj Capsule 85.3.4 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon and Subsheath 85.3.5 Pronator Quadratus 85.4 Summary References 86: DRUJ Arthroscopy: Portals and Arthroscopic Anatomy 86.1 Background 86.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 86.2 Indications and Contraindications 86.3 Surgical Technique 86.3.1 Prerequisites for Easier Access to DRUJ 86.3.2 DRUJ Portals 86.3.2.1 Dorsal Portals Proximal-DRUJ Portal (p-DRUJ) (Fig. 86.7) Distal-DRUJ Portal (d-DRUJ) (Fig. 86.9) 86.3.2.2 Ulnar DRUJ Portal: Direct Foveal (DF) Portal (Fig. 86.11) [3] 86.3.2.3 Volar Portals (Fig. 86.16) Volar DRUJ Portal (V-DRUJ) [4] Distal Volar DRUJ (DV-DRUJ) [5] 86.4 Technical Tips 86.5 Pitfalls 86.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 86.7 Complications References 87: Arthroscopic Technique of Wafer Resection 87.1 Background 87.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 87.2 Indications and Contraindications 87.3 Surgical Technique 87.3.1 Traditional Technique 87.3.1.1 First Step: Arthroscopic Debridement of the TFCC Central Portion 87.3.1.2 Second Step: Arthroscopic Resection of Ulnar Head 87.3.2 Alternative Technique 1: Wafer Resection Through the DRUJ Preserving the TFCC 87.3.2.1 First Step: Portal Preparation and DRUJ Exploration 87.3.2.2 Second Step: Arthroscopic Resection of Ulnar Head 87.3.3 Alternative Technique 2: “Inverse Wafer” Resection (Wafer Resection of the Lunate and Triquetrum) 87.4 Technical Tips 87.5 Pitfalls 87.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 87.7 Complications References Part XVIII: Wrist: Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex 88: Arthroscopic Evaluation, Classification and Techniques for TFCC Tears 88.1 Background 88.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 88.2 Clinical Presentation 88.3 Imaging 88.4 Arthroscopic Evaluation of TFCC Tears 88.5 Classification of TFCC Tears 88.6 Techniques for Management of TFCC Tears References 89: Arthroscopic Debridement of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears 89.1 Background 89.2 Indications and Contraindications 89.3 Surgical Technique 89.4 Arthroscopic Debridement as Management of TFCC Tears by their Palmer Class 89.5 Tips and Tricks 89.6 Complications 89.7 Summary References 90: Arthroscopic TFCC Repair: Inside out Technique 90.1 Background 90.2 Surgical Anatomy 90.3 Indications and Contraindications 90.4 Surgical Technique 90.5 Tips and Tricks 90.6 Pitfalls 90.7 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 90.8 Complications 90.9 Results References 91: Ligament-Specific Transosseous Foveal Repair of TFCC 91.1 Background 91.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 91.2 Indications and Contraindications 91.3 Surgical Technique 91.3.1 Diagnostic Arthroscopy 91.3.2 Creation of Transosseous Tunnels 91.3.3 Creation of Transosseous Tunnels 91.3.4 Creation of Transosseous Mattress Sutures 91.4 Tips and Tricks 91.5 Pitfalls 91.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 91.7 Complications References 92: Arthroscopic-Assisted TFCC Reconstruction with Tendon Graft for Chronic DRUJ Instability 92.1 Background 92.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 92.1.2 Pathomechanism of TFCC Injury 92.1.3 Clinical Assessment of TFCC Tear 92.2 Indications and Contraindications 92.3 Surgical Technique 92.3.1 Set Up and Instruments 92.4 Tips and Tricks 92.5 Pitfalls 92.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 92.7 Results References Part XIX: Wrist: Fractures and Dislocations 93: Vascular Anatomy of the Scaphoid and Implications in Surgery 93.1 Background 93.2 Anatomy 93.3 The Extraosseous Blood Supply 93.4 The Intraosseous Blood Supply 93.5 Clinical Correlation and Implications References 94: Arthroscopic Fixation of Scaphoid Fractures Using a “Scaphoid Portal” 94.1 Background 94.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 94.2 Indications and Contraindications 94.3 Surgical Technique 94.4 Tips and Tricks 94.5 Pitfalls 94.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 94.7 Complications References 95: Arthroscopic Management of Scaphoid Fractures and Nonunions 95.1 Background 95.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 95.2 Part I: Arthroscopic-Assisted Scaphoid Fracture Fixation 95.2.1 Indications and Contraindications 95.2.2 Surgical Technique 95.2.2.1 Closed Reduction 95.2.2.2 Arthroscopic Reduction 95.2.2.3 Definitive Screw Fixation 95.2.2.4 Additional Procedures 95.2.3 Tips and Tricks 95.2.4 Pitfalls 95.2.5 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 95.2.6 Complications 95.3 Part II: Arthroscopic Bone Grafting (ABG) for Scaphoid Nonunion 95.3.1 Indications and Contraindications 95.3.2 Surgical Technique 95.3.2.1 Arthroscopic Evaluation 95.3.2.2 Debridement of Nonunion 95.3.2.3 Correction of Scaphoid Deformity 95.3.2.4 Bone Graft Through MCJ 95.3.2.5 Fracture Fixation 95.3.3 Tips and Tricks 95.3.4 Pitfalls 95.3.5 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation References 96: Arthroscopic Replacement of Proximal Pole Scaphoid Fracture 96.1 Introduction 96.2 Indications and Contraindications 96.3 Surgical Steps 96.4 Tips and Tricks 96.5 Pitfalls 96.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 96.7 Complications 96.8 Results Reference 97: Minimally Invasive Fixation of Ultra-Small Proximal Pole Scaphoid Fractures 97.1 Introduction 97.2 Surgical Anatomy 97.3 Indications and Contraindications 97.4 Surgical Technique 97.5 Tips and Tricks 97.6 Pitfalls 97.7 Postoperative Rehabilitation and Management 97.8 Complications References 98: Proximal Hamate Autograft for Scaphoid Fractures: Surgical Anatomy and Technique 98.1 Introduction 98.1.1 Scaphoid Anatomy 98.1.2 Hamate Anatomy 98.2 Indications and Contraindications for Hemi-Hamate Autograft 98.2.1 Indications 98.2.2 Contraindications 98.3 Surgical Steps 98.3.1 Positioning 98.4 Technical Tips 98.5 Pitfalls 98.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 98.7 Complications References 99: Arthroscopic Management of Acute Perilunate Dislocations 99.1 Background 99.2 Indications and Contraindications 99.3 Surgical Technique 99.3.1 Closed Reduction 99.3.2 Position 99.3.3 Management of Grossly Unstable Perilunate Dislocations 99.3.4 Management of Associated Injuries in Perilunate Dislocations 99.3.5 Management of Associated Injuries in Perilunate Fracture-Dislocations 99.4 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 99.5 Tips and Tricks 99.6 Pitfalls References 100: Arthroscopic Management of Chronic Perilunate Dislocations 100.1 Background 100.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 100.2 Indications and Contraindications 100.3 Surgical Technique 100.4 Tips and Tricks 100.5 Pitfalls 100.6 Postoperative Management, Rehabilitation, and Return to Sports References 101: Arthroscopic Management of Irreducible Volar Dislocation of the Distal Radioulnar Joint 101.1 Background 101.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 101.2 Indications and Contraindications 101.3 Surgical Technique 101.4 Tips and Tricks 101.5 Pitfalls 101.6 Postoperative Management, Rehabilitation and Return to Sport References 102: Arthroscopic Management of Distal Radius Fractures 102.1 Background 102.2 Surgical Anatomy 102.3 Indications and Contraindications 102.4 Surgical Technique 102.5 Tips and Tricks 102.6 Pitfalls 102.7 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 102.8 Complications References 103: Minimally Invasive Plate Fixation for Distal Radius Fractures 103.1 Background 103.2 Surgical Anatomy 103.3 Indications and Contraindications 103.4 Surgical Technique 103.4.1 Distal Approach 103.4.2 Radial Approach 103.5 Technical Tips 103.6 Pitfalls 103.7 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 103.8 Results References Part XX: Wrist: The Stiff Wrist 104: Arthroscopic Arthrolysis of the Wrist 104.1 Background 104.2 Indications and Contraindications 104.3 Surgical Technique 104.3.1 Radiocarpal Joint 104.3.2 Midcarpal Joint 104.3.3 Distal Radioulnar Joint 104.4 Tips and Tricks 104.5 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 104.6 Complications 104.7 Results 104.8 Summary References 105: Arthroscopic Management of Kienbock’s Disease 105.1 Background 105.2 Initial Management 105.3 Arthroscopic Assessment 105.4 Planning Management: An Algorithm-Based Approach 105.5 Arthroscopic Techniques 105.5.1 Arthroscopic Scaphocapitate Fusion 105.5.1.1 Indications 105.5.1.2 Surgical Steps 105.5.1.3 Tips and Tricks 105.5.1.4 Pitfalls 105.5.1.5 Post-op Management and Rehabilitation 105.5.1.6 Complications 105.5.2 Arthroscopic Radioscapholunate Fusion 105.5.2.1 Indications and Contraindications 105.5.2.2 Surgical Steps 105.5.2.3 Tips and Tricks 105.5.2.4 Pitfalls 105.5.2.5 Post-op Management and Rehab 105.5.2.6 Complications 105.5.2.7 Results 105.5.3 Arthroscopic Proximal Row Carpectomy 105.5.3.1 Indications and Contraindications 105.5.3.2 Surgical Steps 105.5.3.3 Tips and Tricks 105.5.3.4 Pitfalls 105.5.3.5 Post-op Management and Rehabilitation 105.5.3.6 Complications 105.5.3.7 Results 105.6 Summary References 106: Arthroscopic Limited Wrist Fusion 106.1 Background 106.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 106.2 Indications and Contraindications 106.3 Surgical Technique 106.3.1 Staging Arthroscopy 106.3.2 Arthroscopic Capitolunate (CL) Fusion 106.3.2.1 Scaphoidectomy 106.3.2.2 Cartilage Denudation 106.3.2.3 Correction of Carpal Malalignment 106.3.2.4 Provisional Fixation of the Fusion Interval 106.3.2.5 Definitive Fixation 106.3.3 Arthroscopic Four-Corner Fusion 106.3.3.1 Cartilage Denudation 106.3.3.2 Correction of Carpal Malalignment 106.3.3.3 Fixation of the Fusion Interval 106.4 Tips and Tricks 106.5 Pitfalls 106.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 106.7 Complications 106.8 Results References 107: Arthroscopic Transplantation of Osteochondral Autograft for Treatment of Cartilage Defects in the Wrist 107.1 Background 107.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 107.2 Indications and Contraindications 107.3 Surgical Technique 107.4 Case Illustration 107.5 Tips and Tricks 107.6 Pitfalls 107.7 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 107.8 Complications 107.9 Results References 108: Arthroscopic Full Wrist Fusion 108.1 Background 108.2 Indications and Contraindications 108.3 Surgical Technique 108.3.1 Debride the Joint 108.3.2 Harvest the Bone Graft 108.3.3 Insert the Steinmann Pin 108.3.4 Insert the Bone Graft 108.3.5 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 108.4 Tips and Tricks 108.5 Pitfalls 108.6 Results References Part XXI: Wrist: Miscellaneous 109: Surgical Anatomy and Management of Intersection Syndrome 109.1 Background 109.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 109.2 Indications and Contraindications 109.3 Surgical Technique 109.4 Tips and Tricks 109.5 Pitfalls 109.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 109.7 Complications 109.8 Results References 110: Arthroscopic Decompression of Intraosseous Cysts of the Lunate 110.1 Background 110.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 110.2 Indications and Contraindications 110.3 Surgical Technique 110.4 Tips and Tricks 110.5 Pitfalls 110.6 Postoperative Management, Rehabilitation, and Return to Sport References 111: Arthroscopic Bone Graft for Lunate Ganglion 111.1 Background 111.2 Surgical Anatomy 111.3 Indications and Contraindications 111.4 Surgical Technique 111.5 Tips and Tricks 111.6 Pitfalls 111.7 Post-operative Management and Rehabilitation 111.8 Complications 111.9 Results References 112: Arthroscopic Excision of Dorsal and Volar Ganglion Cysts 112.1 Background 112.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 112.2 Indications and Contraindications 112.3 Surgical Technique 112.3.1 Preoperative Planning 112.3.2 Ultrasound-Guided Volar Ganglion Methylene Blue Injection 112.3.3 Box Theory 112.3.4 Local Anesthesia 112.3.5 Dry Arthroscopy 112.3.6 Preliminary Systematic Examination 112.3.7 Occult Dorsal Ganglion Cysts 112.3.8 Non-occult Dorsal Intracapsular Ganglion Cysts 112.3.9 Non-occult Dorsal Extracapsular Ganglion 112.3.10 Volar Ganglion Cysts 112.4 Technical Tips 112.5 Pitfalls 112.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 112.7 Complications 113: Ulnar Styloid Enthesopathy and Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Instability: Styloidectomy and Groove-Plasty 113.1 Background 113.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 113.2 Indications and Contraindications 113.3 Surgical Technique 113.4 Tips and Tricks 113.5 Pitfalls 113.6 Post-operative Management and Rehabilitation 113.7 Complications 113.8 Results References 114: Arthrosopic Ulnar Styloidectomy for Ulnar Styloid Impaction Syndrome 114.1 Background 114.2 Surgical Anatomy 114.3 Indications and Contraindications 114.4 Surgical Technique 114.5 Tips and Tricks 114.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 114.7 Complications References Part XXII: Hand Arthroscopy: Basic Science 115: Portals in Hand Arthroscopy 115.1 Background 115.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 115.2 Trapeziometacarpal Joint Arthroscopy Portals 115.2.1 TMJ Portals 115.2.2 STT Portals 115.3 Metacarpophalangeal Joint Arthroscopy 115.4 Proximal (PIP) Interphalangeal Joint Arthroscopy 115.5 Distal (DIP) Interphalangeal Joint Arthroscopy References Part XXIII: Carpometacarpal Arthroscopy 116: Arthroscopic Partial Trapeziectomy for Trapeziometacarpal Arthritis 116.1 Background 116.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 116.2 Indications and Contraindications 116.3 Surgical Technique 116.4 Tips and Tricks 116.5 Pitfalls 116.6 Post-operative Management and Rehabilitation 116.7 Complications References 117: Arthroscopic Complete Trapeziectomy and Suspension Arthroplasty: “Three-Steps Arthroscopic Trapeziectomy Technique” 117.1 Background 117.2 Surgical Anatomy 117.3 Indications and Contraindications 117.4 Surgical Steps 117.4.1 Patient Positioning 117.4.2 Step 1: Zone 1 Resection 117.4.3 Step 2: Trapezium Volar Radial Portion (Zone 2) Resection 117.4.4 Step 3: Trapezium Dorsal Radial Portion (Zone 3) Resection 117.4.5 Proximal Resection of the Trapezoid 117.4.6 Suture Button Suspension 117.5 Tips and Tricks 117.6 Postoperative Rehabilitation 117.7 Complications References 118: Arthroscopic Treatment of Basal Joint Fractures 118.1 Background 118.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 118.2 Indications and Contraindications 118.3 Surgical Technique 118.4 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 118.5 Results References 119: Arthroscopic Debridement and Metacarpal Base Osteotomy for Trapeziometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis 119.1 Background 119.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 119.2 Indications and Contraindications 119.3 Surgical Technique 119.3.1 Stage 1 Treatment: Arthroscopic Debridement 119.3.2 Stage 2 Treatment: Basal Metacarpal Osteotomy 119.4 Tips and Tricks 119.5 Post-operative Management and Rehabiltation 119.6 Complications References Part XXIV: Metacarpophalangeal (MCP), Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP), and Distal Interphalangeal (DIP) Joint Arthroscopy 120: Metacarpophalangeal Joint Arthroscopy: Portals, Anatomy, and Technique 120.1 Background 120.2 Indications and Contraindications 120.3 Surgical Technique 120.4 Tips and Tricks 120.5 Pitfalls 120.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 120.7 Complications References 121: Arthroscopic Management of Metacarpophalangeal Articular Fractures 121.1 Background 121.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 121.1.2 MCP Arthroscopy Indications/Contraindications 121.2 Surgical Technique 121.3 Tips and Tricks 121.4 Pitfalls 121.5 Complications 121.6 Post-op Management and Rehab 121.7 Summary References 122: Arthroscopic Fixation of Metacarpal Head Fractures 122.1 Background 122.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 122.2 Indications and Contraindications 122.3 Surgical Technique 122.4 Tips and Tricks 122.5 Pitfalls 122.6 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 122.7 Complications References 123: Arthroscopy of Proximal and Distal Interphalangeal Joints 123.1 Background 123.2 Surgical Anatomy 123.2.1 Proximal Interphalangeal Joint 123.2.2 Distal Interphalangeal Joint 123.3 Indications and Contraindications 123.3.1 PIP Joint Arthroscopy 123.3.2 DIP Joint Arthroscopy 123.4 Surgical Technique 123.4.1 Portals 123.4.2 PIP and DIP Access 123.4.3 Diagnostic Arthroscopy 123.4.4 Arthroscopic Biopsy and Synovectomy 123.5 Tips and Tricks 123.6 Pitfalls 123.7 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation 123.8 Complications 123.9 Results 123.9.1 PIP Joint Arthroscopy 123.9.2 DIP Joint Arthroscopy References Part XXV: Wrist and Hand Endoscopy 124: Endoscopic Release of De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis 124.1 Background 124.2 Indications and Contraindications 124.3 Surgical Technique 124.4 Post-Operative Management and Rehabilitation 124.5 Complications 124.6 Results References 125: Endoscopic Superficial Radial Nerve Decompression 125.1 Background 125.2 Surgical Anatomy 125.3 Indications and Contraindications 125.4 Surgical Technique 125.5 Technical Tips 125.6 Pitfalls 125.7 Post-Operative Management and Rehabilitation 125.8 Complications 125.9 Results References 126: Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release (Supraretinacular Technique) 126.1 Background 126.2 Indications and Contraindications 126.3 Surgical Technique 126.4 Post-Operative Management and Rehabilitation 126.5 Results References 127: Endoscopic-Assisted Tendon Transfer for Extensor Pollicis Longus Rupture 127.1 Background 127.2 Surgical Anatomy 127.3 Indications and Contraindications 127.4 Surgical Steps 127.5 Technical Tips 127.6 Pitfalls 127.7 Post-Operative Management and Rehabilitation 127.8 Complications References 128: Endoscopic Trigger Finger Release 128.1 Background 128.2 Indications and Contra-Indications 128.3 Surgical Technique 128.4 Post-Operative Management and Rehabilitation 128.5 Complications 128.6 Results References 129: Thenar Endoscopy: Endoscopic Excision of a Thenar Ganglion Cyst 129.1 Background 129.1.1 Surgical Anatomy 129.2 Indications and Contraindications 129.3 Surgical Technique 129.4 Tips and Tricks 129.5 Pitfalls 129.6 Complications 129.7 Postoperative Management and Rehabilitation References 130: Osteoscopy for Benign Tumour Surgery in the Hand 130.1 Background 130.2 Surgical Anatomy 130.3 Indications and Contraindications 130.4 Surgical Steps 130.4.1 Osteoscopic Enchondroma Excision 130.5 Technical Tips 130.6 Post-Operative Management and Rehabilitation 130.7 Complications Reference Part XXVI: The Future 131: Developing and Innovating Newer Techniques in Elbow Surgery 131.1 Background 131.2 Key Concepts for Development of a New Procedure 131.3 Phase 1 131.3.1 Rationalize 131.3.2 Visualize 131.3.3 Familiarize 131.4 Phase 2 131.4.1 Translate 131.4.1.1 Cadaveric Anatomy to Laboratory Trial 131.4.1.2 Laboratory to Operating Theatre 131.4.2 Evaluate 131.4.3 Optimize 131.5 Summary References 132: The Future of Elbow, Wrist, and Hand Arthroscopy 132.1 Introduction 132.2 Anesthesia Techniques 132.3 Instrumentation and Devices 132.4 Dry Arthroscopy 132.5 Endoscopy 132.6 Biologics in Upper Limb Surgery 132.7 Conclusion References
