Armed Forces in Deeply Divided Societies: Power Sharing and Militaries in Lebanon, Bosnia, Iraq and Burundi (International Comparative Social Studies, 57)

Contents
Acknowledgements
Figures and Tables
	Figures
	Table
1 Introduction
	1 A Critical Approach to Armies in Divided Societies
	2 Framework and Aim of the Book
	3 The Significance of Armies in Divided Societies and Research Method
	4 Chapters
2 Civil-Military Relations, SSR, DDR, and Power Sharing
	1 Civil-Military Relations
	2 DDR and Security Sector Reform (SSR)
	3 Post-Conflict Power Sharing and Security Apparatuses
	4 Conclusion
3 The Lebanese Armed Forces
	1 Origins: The LAF during the Mandate Period
	2 The Army after Independence
		2.1 The Formation of the Lebanese Army
		2.2 Problems and Challenges
	3 Paying the Price: Disintegration during the Civil War
	4 Structural and Institutional Reforms of the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF)
		4.1 Structural Reforms in the LAF
		4.2 The Institutional Reforms
			4.2.1 The Higher Defense Council
			4.2.2 The Military Office
				4.2.2.1 The Army Command
				4.2.2.2 Military Council
				4.2.2.3 Republican Guard
				4.2.2.4 Military Intelligence Directory
				4.2.2.5 Ministry of Defense
	5 Reconstructing the LAF
	6 Challenges and Responses
		6.1 Military Capabilities
		6.2 Legitimacy and National Consensus
		6.3 Confessional-Proofing in the LAF – Preserving Neutrality
		6.4 Gender and Human Rights
	7 Conclusion
4 Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina
	1 The Yugoslav People’s Army (Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija, JNA)
	2 The Making of the AFBiH
	3 Institutional and Structural Reforms in the AFBiH
		3.1 Institutional Reforms
		3.2 Structural Reforms
	4 Success and Setbacks
	5 Conclusion
5 The Iraqi Armed Forces
	1 Inception: The Establishment of the Iraqi Army
	2 Bakr Sidqi and the Rise of as-Sabbagh
	3 The Republic of Abdul-Karim Qassim
	4 The Rise of the Baath and the Baathification of the Army
	5 The Army and the Baath
	6 Reconstructing the IAF after the 2003 Invasion
		6.1 CPA Civil-Military Decisions
	7 The Reconstruction Framework of the Iraqi Army
		7.1 The New IAF
	8 Problems and Challenges in the IAF
		8.1 Professionalism
		8.2 Civil-Military Ambiguity
		8.3 Corruption
	9 ISIS, the PMF and the Retraining of the Iraqi Military
	10 Conclusion
6 The National Defense Force of Burundi
	1 Burundi: The Colonial Period and Independence
	2 The Army in Power
		2.1 Micombero
		2.2 Bagaza
		2.3 Buyoya
	3 The Hutu Response
	4 Arusha and Pretoria
	5 Institutional and Structural Changes in the Armed Forces
		5.1 Institutional Reforms
		5.2 Structural Reforms
	6 From Success to Failure: CNDD-FDD Hegemony in Security Affairs
	7 CNDD-FDD Hegemony in the Army
		7.1 FDD Preferentialism and Elimination of Opponents
		7.2 Alternative Chain of Command and the Imbonerakure
		7.3 The National Intelligence Service (SNR) and the CNDD-FDD
	8 The Dangers of CNDD-FDD Politicization of the Army
	9 Conclusion
7 Armies in Consociational, Semi-Consociational
	1 Armies, Deeply Divided Societies and Non-Democratic Systems
	2 CMR and Semi-Consociationalism
	3 CMR in Full Consociations
	4 Post-Conflict Armies and Military Power Sharing
		4.1 Military Mission
		4.2 Collective Decision Making and Military Power Sharing
		4.3 Proportionality
	5 Anomalies in Lebanon, Iraq, and Burundi: Militias
	6 Conclusion
8 Conclusion
	1 Armies and Consociationalism
	2 Post-Conflict Military Reconstruction
	3 Recommendation
Bibliography
	Newspapers and Magazines
	Websites
	Primary Documents
Index