Areal Diffusion and Genetic Inheritance: Problems in Comparative Linguistics (Oxford Linguistics)

Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 10
List of contributors......Page 11
List of abbreviations......Page 14
1 Types of similarity......Page 18
2 Family trees......Page 21
3 Punctuated equilibrium......Page 26
4 Linguistic areas and areal diffusion......Page 28
5 Overview of the volume......Page 36
References......Page 40
1 Introduction......Page 44
2 The archaeological record of early agriculture—some key points......Page 51
3 A biological comment......Page 57
4 Conclusions......Page 58
References......Page 59
3 AN INDO-EUROPEAN LINGUISTIC AREA AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS: ANCIENT ANATOLIA. AREAL DIFFUSION AS A CHALLENGE TO THE COMPARATIVE METHOD?......Page 61
References......Page 80
4 THE AUSTRALIAN LINGUISTIC AREA......Page 81
1 Introduction......Page 82
2 Characteristic features......Page 87
3 Two parameters of variation and cyclic change......Page 88
4 Low-level subgroups and small linguistic areas......Page 100
5 Conclusions......Page 104
Appendix—The \'Pama-Nyungan\' idea......Page 106
Summary list of languages (including likely low-level genetic subgroups)......Page 116
References......Page 119
1 Introduction......Page 122
2 Phonological innovations......Page 131
3 Morphophonemic alternations......Page 135
4 Case-marking patterns......Page 137
5 Conclusion......Page 147
References......Page 149
1 Background......Page 151
2 Equilibrium under the microscope......Page 156
References......Page 178
1 Introduction......Page 184
2 The Arawak family......Page 187
3 Arawak languages north of the Amazon: grammatical and lexical comparisons......Page 191
4 Case studies in restructuring north of the Amazon......Page 193
5 Final remarks......Page 207
References......Page 208
1 Introduction......Page 212
2 The languages and the area......Page 213
3 Pan-Anatolian structural parallels......Page 217
4 Turkish–Laz contact and Turkish–Iranian contact: the issue of structural compatibility......Page 227
5 Conclusions: patterns of borrowing and borrowing of patterns......Page 234
References......Page 239
1 Introduction......Page 242
2 The migrations and their effects......Page 244
3 Metatypy......Page 259
4 Conclusion......Page 262
References......Page 263
10 ON GENETIC AND AREAL LINGUISTICS IN MAINLAND SOUTH-EAST ASIA: PARALLEL POLYFUNCTIONALITY OF \'ACQUIRE\'......Page 272
1 Introductory discussion: the Mainland South-East Asian area......Page 273
2 Case study: polyfunctionality of ACQUIRE in Mainland South-East Asia......Page 285
3 Discussion......Page 296
4 Conclusion......Page 304
References......Page 305
11 GENETIC VERSUS CONTACT RELATIONSHIP: PROSODIC DIFFUSIBILITY IN SOUTH-EAST ASIAN LANGUAGES......Page 308
1 Theoretical issues in establishing genetic relationship......Page 309
2 Recognized language families of South-East Asia......Page 312
3 Areal features in South-East Asia......Page 315
4 Syllable structure and tone......Page 320
5 Typology of Tibeto-Burman tone systems......Page 323
6 Mono- versus polygenesis of tone in Sino-Tibetan and Tibeto-Burman......Page 330
7 Tonogenetic parallels in South-East Asian languages: the Sinospheric Tonbund......Page 332
8 Theoretical implications and desiderata for the future......Page 339
References......Page 340
1 The comparative method and reconstruction of Sinitic......Page 345
2 Typological features of Sinitic......Page 347
3 Language contact: stratification, hybridization, and convergence......Page 354
4 Shared grammaticalization pathways in Sinitic, areal diffusion, and language universals......Page 360
5 Conclusion......Page 370
References......Page 371
1 Introduction......Page 375
2 Two cases of areal diffusion......Page 376
3 Diffusion versus genetic inheritance in Niger-Congo......Page 382
4 Some answers and some further questions......Page 404
References......Page 406
1 Introduction......Page 410
2 Language contact......Page 411
3 Grammaticalizing metatypy......Page 418
4 Conclusions......Page 426
References......Page 427
1 Introduction......Page 429
2 \'Borrowing\'......Page 430
3 Scales of adoptability, hierarchies, and constraints......Page 434
4 Impediments to the development of constraints on borrowing......Page 436
5 What language units are borrowed? A summary......Page 442
6 Conclusions......Page 450
References......Page 451
C......Page 454
H......Page 455
L......Page 456
R......Page 457
V......Page 458
Z......Page 459
B......Page 460
F......Page 461
K......Page 462
M......Page 463
O......Page 464
T......Page 465
Y......Page 466
Z......Page 467
E......Page 468
P......Page 469
W......Page 470