Arduino Cookbook, 3rd Edition

Preface
	Who This Book Is For
	How This Book Is Organized
	What Was Left Out
	Code Style (About the Code)
	Arduino Platform Release Notes
	Notes on the Third Edition
	Conventions Used in This Book
	Using Code Examples
	O’Reilly Online Learning
	How to Contact Us
	Acknowledgments for the Second Edition (Michael Margolis)
	Acknowledgments for the Third Edition (Brian Jepson)
Getting Started
	1.0 Introduction
	1.1 Installing the Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
	1.2 Setting Up the Arduino Board
	1.3 Using the Integrated Development Environment to Prepare an Arduino Sketch
	1.4 Uploading and Running the Blink Sketch
	1.5 Creating and Saving a Sketch
	1.6 An Easy First Arduino Project
	1.7 Using Arduino with Boards Not Included in the Standard Distribution
	1.8 Using a 32-Bit Arduino (or Compatible)
Arduino Programming
	2.0 Introduction
	2.1 A Typical Arduino Sketch
	2.2 Using Simple Primitive Types (Variables)
	2.3 Using Floating-Point Numbers
	2.4 Working with Groups of Values
	2.5 Using Arduino String Functionality
	2.6 Using C Character Strings
	2.7 Splitting Comma-Separated Text into Groups
	2.8 Converting a Number to a String
	2.9 Converting a String to a Number
	2.10 Structuring Your Code into Functional Blocks
	2.11 Returning More than One Value from a Function
	2.12 Taking Actions Based on Conditions
	2.13 Repeating a Sequence of Statements
	2.14 Repeating Statements with a Counter
	2.15 Breaking Out of Loops
	2.16 Taking a Variety of Actions Based on a Single Variable
	2.17 Comparing Character and Numeric Values
	2.18 Comparing Strings
	2.19 Performing Logical Comparisons
	2.20 Performing Bitwise Operations
	2.21 Combining Operations and Assignment
Mathematical Operations
	3.0 Introduction
	3.1 Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing
	3.2 Incrementing and Decrementing Values
	3.3 Finding the Remainder After Dividing Two Values
	3.4 Determining the Absolute Value
	3.5 Constraining a Number to a Range of Values
	3.6 Finding the Minimum or Maximum of Some Values
	3.7 Raising a Number to a Power
	3.8 Taking the Square Root
	3.9 Rounding Floating-Point Numbers Up and Down
	3.10 Using Trigonometric Functions
	3.11 Generating Random Numbers
	3.12 Setting and Reading Bits
	3.13 Shifting Bits
	3.14 Extracting High and Low Bytes in an int or long
	3.15 Forming an int or long from High and Low Bytes
Serial Communications
	4.0 Introduction
	4.1 Sending Information from Arduino to Your Computer
	4.2 Sending Formatted Text and Numeric Data from Arduino
	4.3 Receiving Serial Data in Arduino
	4.4 Sending Multiple Text Fields from Arduino in a Single Message
	4.5 Receiving Multiple Text Fields in a Single Message in Arduino
	4.6 Sending Binary Data from Arduino
	4.7 Receiving Binary Data from Arduino on a Computer
	4.8 Sending Binary Values from Processing to Arduino
	4.9 Sending the Values of Multiple Arduino Pins
	4.10 Logging Arduino Data to a File on Your Computer
	4.11 Sending Data to More than One Serial Device
	4.12 Receiving Serial Data from More than One Serial Device
	4.13 Using Arduino with the Raspberry Pi
Simple Digital and Analog Input
	5.0 Introduction
	5.1 Using a Switch
	5.2 Using a Switch Without External Resistors
	5.3 Reliably Detect (Debounce) When a Switch Is Pressed
	5.4 Determining How Long a Switch Is Pressed
	5.5 Reading a Keypad
	5.6 Reading Analog Values
	5.7 Changing the Range of Values
	5.8 Reading More than Six Analog Inputs
	5.9 Measuring Voltages Up to 5V
	5.10 Responding to Changes in Voltage
	5.11 Measuring Voltages More than 5V (Voltage Dividers)
Getting Input from Sensors
	6.0 Introduction
	6.1 You Want an Arduino with Many Built-in Sensors
	6.2 Detecting Movement
	6.3 Detecting Light
	6.4 Detecting Motion of Living Things
	6.5 Measuring Distance
	6.6 Measuring Distance Precisely
	6.7 Detecting Vibration
	6.8 Detecting Sound
	6.9 Measuring Temperature
	6.10 Reading RFID (NFC) Tags
	6.11 Tracking Rotary Movement
	6.12 Tracking Rotary Movement in a Busy Sketch with Interrupts
	6.13 Using a Mouse
	6.14 Getting Location from a GPS
	6.15 Detecting Rotation Using a Gyroscope
	6.16 Detecting Direction
	6.17 Reading Acceleration
Visual Output
	7.0 Introduction
	7.1 Connecting and Using LEDs
	7.2 Adjusting the Brightness of an LED
	7.3 Driving High-Power LEDs
	7.4 Adjusting the Color of an LED
	7.5 Controlling Lots of Color LEDs
	7.6 Sequencing Multiple LEDs: Creating a Bar Graph
	7.7 Sequencing Multiple LEDs: Making a Chase Sequence
	7.8 Controlling an LED Matrix Using Multiplexing
	7.9 Displaying Images on an LED Matrix
	7.10 Controlling a Matrix of LEDs: Charlieplexing
	7.11 Driving a 7-Segment LED Display
	7.12 Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment LED Displays: Multiplexing
	7.13 Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment LED Displays with the Fewest Pins
	7.14 Controlling an Array of LEDs by Using MAX72xx Shift Registers
	7.15 Increasing the Number of Analog Outputs Using PWM Extender Chips
	7.16 Using an Analog Panel Meter as a Display
Physical Output
	8.0 Introduction
	8.1 Controlling Rotational Position with a Servo
	8.2 Controlling Servo Rotation with a Potentiometer or Sensor
	8.3 Controlling the Speed of Continuous Rotation Servos
	8.4 Controlling Servos Using Computer Commands
	8.5 Driving a Brushless Motor (Using a Hobby Speed Controller)
	8.6 Controlling Solenoids and Relays
	8.7 Making an Object Vibrate
	8.8 Driving a Brushed Motor Using a Transistor
	8.9 Controlling the Direction of a Brushed Motor with an H-Bridge
	8.10 Controlling the Direction and Speed of a Brushed Motor with an H-Bridge
	8.11 Using Sensors to Control the Direction and Speed of Brushed Motors
	8.12 Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor
	8.13 Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor (Using the EasyDriver Board)
	8.14 Driving a Unipolar Stepper Motor with the ULN2003A Driver Chip
Audio Output
	9.0 Introduction
	9.1 Playing Tones
	9.2 Playing a Simple Melody
	9.3 Generating More than One Simultaneous Tone
	9.4 Generating Audio Tones Without Interfering with PWM
	9.5 Controlling MIDI
	9.6 Making an Audio Synthesizer
	9.7 Attain High-Quality Audio Synthesis
Remotely Controlling External Devices
	10.0 Introduction
	10.1 Responding to an Infrared Remote Control
	10.2 Decoding Infrared Remote Control Signals
	10.3 Imitating Remote Control Signals
	10.4 Controlling a Digital Camera
	10.5 Controlling AC Devices by Hacking a Remote-Controlled Switch
Using Displays
	11.0 Introduction
	11.1 Connecting and Using a Text LCD Display
	11.2 Formatting Text
	11.3 Turning the Cursor and Display On or Off
	11.4 Scrolling Text
	11.5 Displaying Special Symbols
	11.6 Creating Custom Characters
	11.7 Displaying Symbols Larger than a Single Character
	11.8 Displaying Pixels Smaller than a Single Character
	11.9 Selecting a Graphical LCD Display
	11.10 Control a Full-Color LCD Display
	11.11 Control a Monochrome OLED Display
Using Time and Dates
	12.0 Introduction
	12.1 Using millis to Determine Duration
	12.2 Creating Pauses in Your Sketch
	12.3 More Precisely Measuring the Duration of a Pulse
	12.4 Using Arduino as a Clock
	12.5 Creating an Alarm to Periodically Call a Function
	12.6 Using a Real-Time Clock
Communicating Using I2C and SPI
	13.0 Introduction
	13.1 Connecting Multiple I2C Devices
	13.2 Connecting Multiple SPI Devices
	13.3 Working with an I2C Integrated Circuit
	13.4 Increase I/O with an I2C Port Expander
	13.5 Communicating Between Two or More Arduino Boards
	13.6 Using the Wii Nunchuck Accelerometer
Simple Wireless Communication
	14.0 Introduction
	14.1 Sending Messages Using Low-Cost Wireless Modules
	14.2 Connecting Arduino over a ZigBee or 802.15.4 Network
	14.3 Sending a Message to a Particular XBee
	14.4 Sending Sensor Data Between XBees
	14.5 Activating an Actuator Connected to an XBee
	14.6 Communicating with Classic Bluetooth Devices
	14.7 Communicating with Bluetooth Low Energy Devices
WiFi and Ethernet
	15.0 Introduction
	15.1 Connecting to an Ethernet Network
	15.2 Obtaining Your IP Address Automatically
	15.3 Sending and Receiving Simple Messages (UDP)
	15.4 Use an Arduino with Built-in WiFi
	15.5 Connect to WiFi with Low-Cost Modules
	15.6 Extracting Data from a Web Response
	15.7 Requesting Data from a Web Server Using XML
	15.8 Setting Up an Arduino to Be a Web Server
	15.9 Handling Incoming Web Requests
	15.10 Handling Incoming Requests for Specific Pages
	15.11 Using HTML to Format Web Server Responses
	15.12 Requesting Web Data Using Forms (POST)
	15.13 Serving Web Pages Containing Large Amounts of Data
	15.14 Sending Twitter Messages
	15.15 Exchanging Data for the Internet of Things
	15.16 Publishing Data to an MQTT Broker
	15.17 Subscribing to Data on an MQTT Broker
	15.18 Getting the Time from an Internet Time Server
Using, Modifying, and Creating Libraries
	16.0 Introduction
	16.1 Using the Built-in Libraries
	16.2 Installing Third-Party Libraries
	16.3 Modifying a Library
	16.4 Creating Your Own Library
	16.5 Creating a Library That Uses Other Libraries
	16.6 Updating Third-Party Libraries for Arduino 1.0
Advanced Coding and Memory Handling
	17.0 Introduction
	17.1 Understanding the Arduino Build Process
	17.2 Determining the Amount of Free and Used RAM
	17.3 Storing and Retrieving Numeric Values in Program Memory
	17.4 Storing and Retrieving Strings in Program Memory
	17.5 Using #define and const Instead of Integers
	17.6 Using Conditional Compilations
Using the Controller Chip Hardware
	18.0 Introduction
	18.1 Storing Data in Permanent EEPROM Memory
	18.2 Take Action Automatically When a Pin State Changes
	18.3 Perform Periodic Actions
	18.4 Setting Timer Pulse Width and Duration
	18.5 Creating a Pulse Generator
	18.6 Changing a Timer’s PWM Frequency
	18.7 Counting Pulses
	18.8 Measuring Pulses More Accurately
	18.9 Measuring Analog Values Quickly
	18.10 Reducing Battery Drain
	18.11 Setting Digital Pins Quickly
	18.12 Uploading Sketches Using a Programmer
	18.13 Replacing the Arduino Bootloader
	18.14 Move the Mouse Cursor on a PC or Mac
Electronic Components
	Capacitor
	Diode
	Integrated Circuit
	Keypad
	LED
	Motor (DC)
	Optocoupler
	Photocell (Photoresistor)
	Piezo
	Pot (Potentiometer)
	Relay
	Resistor
	Solenoid
	Speaker
	Stepper Motor
	Switch
	Transistor
	See Also
Using Schematic Diagrams and Datasheets
	How to Read a Datasheet
	Choosing and Using Transistors for Switching
Building and Connecting the Circuit
	Using a Breadboard
	Connecting and Using External Power Supplies and Batteries
	Using Capacitors for Decoupling
	Using Snubber Diodes with Inductive Loads
	Working with AC Line Voltages
Tips on Troubleshooting Software Problems
	Code That Won’t Compile
	Code That Compiles but Does Not Work as Expected
Tips on Troubleshooting Hardware Problems
	Still Stuck?
Digital and Analog Pins
ASCII and Extended Character Sets
Index