Architectural Intelligence: Selected Papers from the 1st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2019)

Committees
Contents
Introduction
Introduction
	1 Introduction
	2 Material Intelligence
	3 Swarm Intelligence
	4 Artificial Intelligence
	5 Extended Intelligence
	6 Cyborg Intelligence
	7 The Future of Artificial Intelligence
	8 The Future of Architectural Intelligence
	References
Rethinking Intelligence
What About Humans? Artificial Intelligence in Architecture
	1 Automation, from Myth to Reality
	2 Big Data, Machine Learning, and Architectural Conversation
	3 The Automation of Design and Fabrication
	4 What About Humans?
	5 Updating the Myth: The Need for a New Poetics
	References
An Architecture for Cyborg Super-Society
	1 Becoming Human and Super-Human via Design
	2 Languages and New Modes of Communication
	3 Speculation: The Designed Environment as Total Communication
	4 Example: The Design of a Spatio-Visual Semiological System
	References
Do Robots Dream of Digital Buildings?
	1 Can AI Dream?
	2 Reality as a Controlled Hallucination
	3 Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)
	4 Architectural Applications of GANs
	5 Can AI Be Creative?
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Hybrid Creativity in Architecture: From Brain Plasticity to Augmented Design Intelligence
	1 Introduction: Intelligence in Digital Tools
	2 A Phenomenological Approach to Tool Thinking
	3 Brain Plasticity and Body-Tool Incorporation
	4 Digital Tools as the Extension of Human Intelligence
	5 Design Novelty with Hybrid Intelligence
	References
Collaborative Intelligence
Toward a Collaborative Robotic Platform: FUROBOT
	1 Introduction
	2 Collaborative Thinking in Intelligent Fabrication
	3 Collaborative Platforms of Robotic Fabrication
	4 Research and Development of FUROBOT
		4.1 Parameter Representation
		4.2 Workflow
		4.3 Customize hardware
	5 Human–Machine Collaboration in Digital Fabrication
		5.1 Real-Time Communication
		5.2 Path Plane Optimization
		5.3 Layer Printing and Spatial Structure Printing
		5.4 Other Processes
	6 Conclusion
	References
Interdisciplinary AI: A Machine Learning System for Streamlining External Aesthetic and Cultural Influences in Architecture
	1 Introduction: Disciplinary Autonomy and Cultural Engagement in the Post-digital Era
	2 Contemporary Generative Design Tools: Simulation-Based Procedural Modeling Versus Machine Learning and Artificial Neural Networks
	3 Process
		3.1 Documentation of Selected Architectural Landmarks
		3.2 Precedent Research and Selection of Interdisciplinary Aesthetic Influences
	4 Method
		4.1 Artistic Style-Transfer with Convolutional Neural Networks on Architectural Drone Footage
		4.2 Relevance of the Style Image
		4.3 Style Weight and Multiple Input Styles
		4.4 Feature Extraction of Architectural Elements
		4.5 2D Image Translation to 3D Models
		4.6 Architectural Style-Transfer on Drone Footage
	5 Conclusion
	References
ArchiGAN: Artificial Intelligence x Architecture
	1 Representation, Learning, and Framework
	2 Precedents
	3 Stack and Models
		3.1 Model I: Footprint
		3.2 Model II: Program
		3.3 Model III: Furnishing
	4 UI and Experience
	5 Model Chaining and Apartment Building Generation
	6 Going Further
	7 Limitations and Future Improvements
	8 Conclusion
	References
Advanced Timber Construction Platform Multi-Robot System for Timber Structure Design and Prefabrication
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Timber Machining Center
		1.2 Robotic Timber Construction
	2 Development of Advanced Timber Construction Platform
		2.1 Purpose
		2.2 Structure
		2.3 Infrastructure and Tools
		2.4 Sensing System
		2.5 Control System
	3 Application Scenarios
		3.1 Nomadic Wood(Looking)
	4 Discussion and Outlook
	References
Iterative Intelligence
Bioinspired Generative Architectural Design Form-Finding and Advanced Robotic Fabrication Based on Structural Performance
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Theory of BESO Method
	3 Form-Finding Based on BESO
		3.1 Model Definition
		3.2 BESO Topology Optimized Iterations
		3.3 Post-Modification
	4 Advanced Robotics Fabrication
		4.1 Application of KUKA Robotics
		4.2 Modified Printing Path Code for Fractal-Like Geometries
		4.3 Printing Parameters
		4.4 Joint Design and Assembly Methodologies
	5 Conclusion and Future Works
	References
A Question of Style
	1 A Closer Look into the Suspicious Noun Style
	2 How Algorithms Define Style
	3 Neural Style Transfer (NST) as a Tool of Architectural Interrogation
	4 Style and Artificial Intelligence
	References
Day–Night Scene Transfer for Architectural Renderings Based on Color Transfer Approaches
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Image Feature Extraction
		2.2 Nearest-Neighbor Field Search
		2.3 Local Color Transfer
		2.4 Fast Guided Filter
	3 Method
		3.1 Overview
		3.2 Feature Normalization
		3.3 Adding Extra Features
		3.4 Algorithm Implementation Scheme
	4 Evaluation and Results
		4.1 Performance
		4.2 Evaluation
		4.3 Day–Night Scene Transfer
		4.4 Creating Full-Moon Night Renderings
	5 Conclusion
	References
Form Finding and Evaluating Through Machine Learning: The Prediction of Personal Design Preference in Polyhedral Structures
	1 Introduction
		1.1 3D Graphic Statics
		1.2 Subdivision of Force Diagrams
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Preference Test
		2.2 Machine Learning
	3 Results
		3.1 Comparative Models Evaluation
		3.2 Preference Model Evaluation
	4 Conclusion and Discussion
	References
Comparison of BESO and SIMP to Do Structural Topology Optimization in Discrete Digital Design, and then Combine Them into a Hybrid Method
	1 Context of Discrete Design and Topology Optimization
		1.1 Background of Digital Design and Discrete Assembly
		1.2 Topology Optimization and Architecture Design
	2 Existing Topology Optimization Methods-SIMP and BESO
		2.1 Solid Isotropic Material with Penalisation (SIMP)
		2.2 Bi-Directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO)
	3 Project TRANSFOAMER
	4 BESO and SIMP Based on Project TRANSFOAMER
		4.1 BESO in TRANSFOAMER
		4.2 SIMP in TRANSFOAMER
		4.3 Hybrid Method of BESO and SIMP
		4.4 Comparison of the Results
	5 Applying to Project TRANSFOAMER
	6 Conclusion
	References
Interactive Intelligence
Emotional Intelligence: Affective Computing in Architecture and Design
	1 Introduction
	2 Detecting Emotion: Emotional Computing
	3 Provoking an Emotional Response
	4 Facial Expression Tracking
	5 Opale: An Emotive Soft Robotic Garment
	6 Mesolite: An Emotive Display
	7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Designing an Architectural Robot: An Actuated Active Transforming Structure Using Face Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Architectural Robot with Lifelong Autonomous Agenda
	4 Method: Design Through Prototyping Systems
	5 Case Study: An Actuated Active Transforming Structure
	6 Autonomous Agenda
	7 Modular Transformation
	8 Actuation System: Pneumatic Artificial Muscle and Bow Connection
	9 Fabrication, Experiment, and Measurement of the PAM Actuator
	10 Pressure Control Unit (PCU)
	11 Electronics and Integral Prototype of PCU
	12 Interactions: Wandering and Teasing
	13 Results and Future Work
	14 Discussion
	References
CoFabs: An Interactive Fabrication Process Framework
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Human Features: Technical Threshold for Digital Manufacturing
		1.2 Digital Features: Digital Interface into the Reality
		1.3 Physical Features: Manufacturing Tools into the Digital
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Human Features: Threshold for Digital Manufacturing
		2.2 Physical Features: Robot Arm Application
		2.3 Digital Features: Mixed Reality Applications
		2.4 Summary
	3 Materials and Methods
		3.1 The User Journey Map
		3.2 CoFabs System Architecture
	4 The Experiment
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Materializing Intelligence
3d-Printed Bending-Active Formwork for Shell Structures
	1 Introduction
	2 Bending-Active Structure and the Geometry of Bending
	3 Simulation and Determination of the Bending-Active Form
		3.1 Dynamic Relaxation Method
		3.2 Finite Element Method
	4 Printing Technique and a Pre-research Pavilion
		4.1 3d Printing Technique
		4.2 Design and Bending Test
	5 Workflow and the Prototyping Tile-Vaulted Brick Shell
		5.1 Design Workflow
		5.2 Fabrication
		5.3 Bending Test and On-Site Assembly
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Computational Approach for Knitting 3D Composites Preforms
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
	3 Partial Knitting
	4 Description of the Approach
		4.1 Generation of Wales
		4.2 Generation of Courses
		4.3 Generation of 2D Knitting Map
		4.4 Stitch Placement Optimization
		4.5 Pattern Variations
	5 File Conversion
	6 Results
	7 Discussion and Outlook
	References