Arabic Documents from Medieval Nubia

Front matter
	Contents
	Preface
Arabic Documents from Nubia for index 22 Apr
	1. Preliminaries 21 Apr.pdf
		1. Introduction
		2. The Arabic Documents from Qaṣr Ibrīm
			2.1. The Site of Qaṣr Ibrīm
			2.2. The Arabic Papyrus
			2.3. Medieval Scrolls
			2.4. Documents from the Ottoman Period
			2.5. The Medieval Documents Published in this Volume
				2.5.1. Preliminary Remarks
				2.5.2. Numbering Systems16F
				2.5.3. Provenance of the Documents17F
					2.5.3.1. 1966
					2.5.3.2. 1974
					2.5.3.3. 1978
				2.5.4. Overview of the Content of the Documents
		3. The Correspondence with Eparchs
			3.1. Preliminary Remarks
			3.2. The Eparchs
				3.2.1. Uruwī
				3.2.2. Darmā
				3.2.3. Īsū
			3.3. Titles of the Eparchs
			3.4. The Correspondents with the Eparch
			3.5. The Content of the Correspondence with the Eparch
				3.5.1. Courtesy and Equality
				3.5.2. Request for Protection
				3.5.3. Permission to Leave Nubia Safely
				3.5.4. Protection of Property
				3.5.5. Communications with the Nubian King
				3.5.6. Trade
				3.5.7. Complaints
				3.5.8. Political Events
			3.6. The Structure of the Letters
				3.6.1. Opening
				3.6.2. Closure
					3.6.2.1. Offer of Service in Return for a Request
					3.6.2.2. Request for the Sending of News
					3.6.2.3. Sending of Greetings
					3.6.2.4. Closure Formulas
				3.6.3. Postscripts
		4. Other Correspondence and Accounts
			4.1. Correspondents
			4.2. Overview of Subject Matter
			4.3. Relations with the Nubian King
			4.4. Grain for Nubians
			4.5. Trade
			4.6. The Structure of the Letters
				4.6.1. Opening
				4.6.2. Closure
		5. Legal Documents
			5.1. Document 44: Lease of Land (Rajab 518 AH/August 1124 AD)44F
			5.2. Document 45: Lease of a Boat (566 AH/1170 AD)
			5.3. Document 46 Recto: Document of Testimony
			5.4. Document 46 Verso: Document of Sale
			5.5. Document 47: An Acknowledgement of a Debt and Testimonies
			5.6. Document 48 Recto: Marriage Contract (23rd Rabīʿ I 484 AH/15th May 1091)48F
			5.7. Document 48 Verso: Acknowledgement (21st  Šaʿbān 516 AH/25th October, 1122 AD)
			5.8. Document 49 Recto: Document concerning Division of Property after Divorce (Muḥarram 429 AH/October–November 1037 AD)
			5.9. Document 49 Verso: Court Record relating to Divorce
			5.10.  Document 50: Acknowledgement relating to Divorce (15th Jumādā II 430 AH/14th March 1039 AD)
			5.11. Document 51 Recto: Marriage Contract (Ṣafar 432 AH/October 1040 AD)
			5.12. Document 51 Verso: Testimony (Ḏū al-Ḥijja 432 AH/August 1041 AD)
			5.13. Document 52: Court Record relating to Marriage
			5.14. Document 53: Letter relating to a Marital Dispute
		6. Coinage
		7. Taxes
		8. Lists of Commodities
			8.1. Arabic–English
			8.2. English–Arabic
		9. Titles of Officials
			9.1. Sulṭān
			9.2. Wazīr
			9.3. ʾAmīr
			9.4. Šadīd, Šādd
			9.5. Šarīf
			9.6. Mutawallī
			9.7. Wālī
			9.8. Wulāh
			9.9. Qāʾid
			9.10. Nāʾib
			9.11. Ḵalīfa
			9.12. Ṣāḥib al-Sawārī
			9.13. Simsār
			9.14. Kātib
			9.15. ʾUsquf
			9.18. Ṣāḥib al-Ḥarba
			9.19. Muʿaddī
			9.20. Qāḍī
			9.21. Raʾīs/Rayīs
			9.22. Šarīk
		10. Slaves and Servants
			10.1. Raqīq, Riqq
			10.2. Waṣīf (m.), Waṣīfa (f.)
			10.3. Ġulām
			10.4. Jāriya
			10.5. ʿAbd
			10.6. Ḵādim
			10.7. Mamlūk
			10.8. Mawlā
			10.9. Rasūl
			10.10. Mutaḥammil
		11. The Socio-Economic Situation Reflected by the Documents
		12. Script and Layout
			12.1. Preliminary Remarks
			12.2. Cursive Tendencies
			12.3. Writing Line
			12.4. Line Spacing
			12.5. Width of the Document
			12.6. Thickness of the Pen
			12.7. Margins
			12.8. Text on the Verso
		13. Language
			13.1. Phonology and Orthography
				13.1.1. Loss of Interdental Consonants
				13.1.2. Tafḵīm
				13.1.3. Devoicing
				13.1.4. Loss of hamza
				13.1.5. Shortening of a Final Long Vowel
				13.1.6. Assimilation to a Cliticised Prepositional Phrase
				13.1.7. Final yāʾ Written for Final ʾalif
				13.1.8. Non-Classical Plene Orthography
				13.1.9. Two ʾalifs Represent Word-Initial ʾā
				13.1.10. Interchange of ḍād and ẓāʾ
			13.2. Morphology
				13.2.1. Interrogative Pronoun ʾayš
				13.2.2. Morphology of Fifth Form Verbs
				13.2.3. Particle
			13.3. Syntax
				13.3.1. Independent Genitive Exponent
				13.3.2. Non-Classical Usages of the Negator lam
				13.3.3. Non-Classical Usage of First Person Pronouns
			13.4. Lexical Items
		14. Maps
	2. Documents and Translations 21 Apr.pdf
		Documents and translations
		Method of Editing
		1 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
		2 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
				Verso
					Address, Left Column
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
		3 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Verso
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
		4 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Verso
					Address, Right Column
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
		5 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
					Margin
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
		6 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
			Verso
				Address
		7 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
			Translation
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
		8 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
			Translation
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
		9 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
				Verso
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
		10 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
		11 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
		12 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
		13 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Margin
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
				Verso
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Margin
					Address
		14 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
			Translation
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
		15 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
				Verso
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
		16 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
					Top Margin
				Verso
					Postscript
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
			Translation
				Recto
					Top Margin
				Verso
					Postscript
					Address
		17 Letter from the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
		18 Letter from the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
				Verso
			Textual Notes
				Recto
			Translation
				Recto
				Verso
		19 Letter to the Eparch Īsū
			Text
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
			Translation
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
		20 Letter to the Eparch Īsū
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
				Verso
					Address, Right Column
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
		21 Letter to an Eparch
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
					Margin
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
		22 Letter to an Eparch
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
		23 Letter to an Eparch
			Text
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
			Translation
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
		24 Letter to an Eparch
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Margin
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
				Verso
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
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					Margin
					Address
		25 Letter to an Eparch
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
			Textual Notes
				Recto
				Verso
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
		26 Letter to al-Bazīl, the Deputy of the Eparch Darmā
			Text
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
			Translation
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
		27 Letter to the Secretary of the Eparch Uruwī
			Text
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
				Verso
					Address, Left Column
			Translation
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
		28 Letter to a Commander
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
		29 Letter to a Commander
			Text
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
				Verso
					Address, Left Column
			Translation
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
		30 Letter to a Dignitary
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Margin
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
				Verso
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Margin
					Address
		31 Letter to a Dignitary
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Margin
			Textual Notes
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Margin
		32 Letter to a Dignitary
			Text
			Textual Notes
			Translation
		33 Letter to a Dignitary
			Text
				Margin
			Textual Notes
			Translation
				Margin
		34 Letter to a Dignitary
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
				Verso
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
			Verso
				Address
		35 Letter
			Text
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
			Translation
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
		36 Letter
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
		37 Letter
			Text
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
				Verso
			Translation
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
		38 Letter
			Text
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address, Right Column
			Translation
				Recto
					Margin
				Verso
					Address
		39 Letter
			Text
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
			Translation
				Recto
				Verso
					Address
		40 Letter
			Text
			Translation
		41 Poem of a Traveller
			Text
				Margin
			Textual Notes
			Translation73F
				Margin
		42 Account
			Text
				Recto
					Right Piece
					Middle Piece
					Left Piece
				Verso
					Right Piece
					Middle Piece
					Left Piece
			Textual Notes
				Recto
					Middle Piece
			Translation
				Recto
					Right Piece
					Middle Piece
					Left Piece
				Verso
					Right Piece
					Middle Piece
					Left Piece
		43 Account
			Text
				Recto
					Right Column
					Middle Column
					Left Column
				Verso
			Translation
				Recto
					Right Column
					Middle Column
					Left Column
				Verso
		44 Lease of Land (Rajab 518 AH/ August 1124 AD)
			Text
			Textual Notes
			Translation
		45 Lease of a Boat (566 AH/1170 AD)
			Text
				Witness Clauses
			Textual Notes
				Witness Clauses
			Translation
				Witness Clauses
		46 Document of Testimony and Document of Sale
			Recto: Document of Testimony
				Text
					Witness Clauses
					Margin
				Textual Notes
					Margin
				Translation
					Witness Clauses
					Margin
			Verso: Document of Sale (Rajab 535 AH/February 1141 AD)
				Text
					Witness Clauses
				Textual Notes
					Witness Clauses
				Translation
					Witness Clauses
		47 An Acknowledgement of a Debt and Testimonies
			Recto: Acknowledgement (Ramaḍān 515 AH/November 1121 AD)
				Text
					Witness Clauses
				Textual Notes
				Translation
					Witness Clauses
			Verso: Testimonies (Šawwāl 516 AH/December 1122 AD)
				Text
				Textual Notes
				Translation
		48 Marriage Contract and Acknowledgement
			Recto: Marriage Contract (23rd Rabīʿ I 484 AH/15th May 1091 AD)
				Text
					Witness Clauses
				Textual Notes
				Translation
					Witness Clauses
			Verso: Acknowledgement (21st Šaʿbān 516 AH/25th October 1122 AD)
				Text
					Witness Clauses
				Translation
					Witness Clauses
		49 Documents relating to Divorce
			Recto: Document concerning Division of Property after Divorce (Muḥarram 429 AH/October–November 1037 AD)
				Text
					Witness Clause
				Textual Notes
				Translation
					Witness Clause
			Verso: Court Document relating to Divorce
				Text
				Textual Notes
				Translation
		50 Acknowledgement relating to Divorce (15th Jumādā II 430 AH/ 14th March 1039 AH)
			Text
			Translation
		51 Marriage Contract and Testimony
			Recto: Marriage Contract (Ṣafar 432 AH/October 1040 AD)
				Text
					Witness Clauses
				Textual Notes
				Translation
					Witness Clauses
			Verso: Testimony (Ḏū al-Ḥijja 432 AH/August 1041 AD)
				Text
				Textual Notes
				Translation
		52 Court Record relating to Marriage
			Text
				Witness Clauses
			Translation
				Witness Clauses
		53 Letter relating to a Marital Dispute
			Text
				Recto
					Upper Margin
				Verso
					Address
			Textual Notes
				Recto
				Verso
					Address, Left Column
			Translation
				Recto
					Upper Margin
				Verso
					Address
References
	References
		Abbreviations
		Primary Sources
			Dictionaries
			Secondary Sources
Indices
	IndICes
		Names of People (Referenced by Text and Line Number)
		Names of Places (Referenced by Text and Line Number)
		General Index (Referenced by Page Number)
		Inventory of Documents
			Edition number: 1 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
			Edition number: 2 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
			Edition number: 3 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
			Edition number: 4 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
			Edition number: 5 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
			Edition number: 6 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
			Edition number: 7 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
			Edition number: 8 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
			Edition number: 9 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
			Edition number: 10 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
			Edition number: 11 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
			Edition number: 12 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
			Edition number: 13 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
			Edition number: 14 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
			Edition number: 15 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
			Edition number: 16 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
			Edition number: 17 (Letter from the Eparch Uruwī)
			Edition number: 18 (Letter from the Eparch Uruwī ?)
			Edition number: 19 (Letter to the Eparch Īsū)
			Edition number: 20 (Letter to the Eparch Īsū)
			Edition number: 21 (Letter to an Eparch)
			Edition number: 22 (Letter to an Eparch)
			Edition number: 23 (Letter to an Eparch)
			Edition number: 24 (Letter to an Eparch)
			Edition number: 25 (Letter to an Eparch)
			Edition number: 26 (Letter to al-Bazīl, the Deputy of the Eparch Darmā)
			Edition number: 27 (Letter to the Secretary of the Eparch Uruwī)
			Edition number: 28 (Letter to a Commander)
			Edition number: 29 (Letter to a Commander)
			Edition number: 30 (Letter to a Dignitary)
			Edition number: 31 (Letter to a Dignitary)
			Edition number: 32 (Letter to a Dignitary)
			Edition number: 33 (Letter to a Dignitary)
			Edition number: 34 (Letter to a Dignitary)
			Edition number: 35 (Letter)
			Edition number: 36 (Letter)
			Edition number: 37 (Letter)
			Edition number: 38 (Letter)
			Edition number: 39 (Letter)
			Edition number: 40 (Letter)
			Edition number: 41 (Poem of a Traveller)
			Edition number: 42 (Account)
			Edition number: 43 (Account)
			Edition number: 44 (Lease of Land)
			Edition number: 45 (Lease of a Boat)
			Edition number: 46 (Document of Testimony and Document of Sale)
			Edition number: 47 (An Acknowledgement of a Debt and Testimonies)
			Edition number: 48 (Marriage Contract and  Acknowledgement)
			Edition number: 49 (Documents relating to Divorce)
			Edition number: 50 (Acknowledgement relating to Divorce)
			Edition number: 51 (Marriage Contract and Testimony)
			Edition number: 52 (Court Record relating to Marriage)
			Edition number: 53 (Letter relating to a Marital Dispute)
Plates
	Plates
		1 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		1 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		2 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		2 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		2 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		2 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		3 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		3 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		3 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		4 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		4 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		4 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		5 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		5 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		5 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		6 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		6 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		7 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		7 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		8 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		8 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		8 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		9 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		9 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		9 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		9 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		9 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		10 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		10 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		11 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		11 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		12 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		12 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		12 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		13 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		13 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		13 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		14 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		14 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		15 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		15 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		15 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		16 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		16 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
		17 recto: Letter from the Eparch Uruwī
		17 verso: Letter from the Eparch Uruwī
		17 verso: Letter from the Eparch Uruwī
		18 recto: Letter from the Eparch Uruwī (?)
		18 verso: Letter from the Eparch Uruwī (?)
		19 recto: Letter to the Eparch Īsū
		19 verso: Letter to the Eparch Īsū
		20 recto: Letter to the Eparch Īsū
		20 verso: Letter to the Eparch Īsū
		20 verso: Letter to the Eparch Īsū
		21 recto: Letter to an Eparch
		21 recto: Letter to an Eparch
		21 verso: Letter to an Eparch
		22 recto: Letter to an Eparch
		22 recto: Letter to an Eparch
		22 verso: Letter to an Eparch
		23 recto: Letter to an Eparch
		23 verso: Letter to an Eparch
		24 recto: Letter to an Eparch
		24 verso: Letter to an Eparch
		25 recto: Letter to an Eparch
		25 verso: Letter to an Eparch
		26 recto: Letter to al-Bazīl, the Deputy of the Eparch Darmā
		26 recto: Letter to al-Bazīl, the Deputy of the Eparch Darmā
		26 verso: Letter to al-Bazīl, the Deputy of the Eparch Darmā
		27 recto: Letter to the Secretary of the Eparch Uruwī
		27 verso: Letter to the Secretary of the Eparch Uruwī
		27 verso: Letter to the Secretary of the Eparch Uruwī
		28 recto: Letter to a Commander
		28 verso: Letter to a Commander
		29 recto: Letter to a Commander
		29 verso: Letter to a Commander
		29 verso: Letter to a Commander
		30 recto: Letter to a Dignitary
		30 verso: Letter to a Dignitary
		30 verso: Letter to a Dignitary
		31 recto: Letter to a Dignitary
		31 verso: Letter to a Dignitary
		32: Letter to a Dignitary
		33: Letter to a Dignitary
		34 recto: Letter to a Dignitary
		34 verso: Letter to a Dignitary
		34 verso: Letter to a Dignitary
		35 recto: Letter
		35 verso: Letter
		36 recto: Letter
		36 verso: Letter
		36 verso: Letter
		37 recto: Letter
		37 verso: Letter
		37 verso: Letter
		38 recto: Letter
		38 verso: Letter
		39 recto: Letter
		39 verso: Letter
		39 verso: Letter
		40: Letter
		41: Poem of a Traveller
		42 recto: Account
		42 verso: Account
		43 recto: Account
		43 verso: Account
		44: Lease of Land
		45: Lease of a Boat
		45: Lease of a Boat
		46 recto: Document of Testimony
		46 recto: Document of Testimony
		46 recto: Document of Testimony
		46 verso: Document of Sale
		46 verso: Document of Sale
		46 verso: Document of Sale
		47 recto: Acknowledgement
		47 verso: Testimonies
		48 recto: Marriage Contract
		48 recto: Marriage Contract
		48 recto: Marriage Contract
		48 recto: Marriage Contract
		48 verso: Acknowledgement
		48 verso: Acknowledgement
		49 recto: Document concerning Division of Property after Divorce
		49 verso: Court Document relating to Divorce
		50: Acknowledgement relating to Divorce
		51 recto: Marriage Contract
		51 verso: Testimony
		52: Court Record relating to Marriage
		53 recto: Letter relating to a Marital Dispute
		53 verso: Letter relating to a Marital Dispute
		53 verso: Letter relating to a Marital Dispute
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