Applying Islamic Principles to Clinical Mental Health Care: Introducing Traditional Islamically Integrated Psychotherapy

Cover
Endorsements
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of contents
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Editors’ Introduction
	Islamic Intellectual Heritage and Mental Health
	European Advancements in Clinical Psychology and Secularization
		Response to the Secularization of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences by Muslim Psychologists in the Modern Era
	Current State of Islam and Psychotherapy Research
	Traditional Islamically Integrated Psychotherapy (TIIP)
	Overview of the Chapters of the Book
	Conclusion
	References
Part I Foundations of Traditional Islamically Integrated Psychotherapy (TIIP)
	Chapter 1 Foundations of Traditional Islamically Integrated Psychotherapy (TIIP)
		Chapter Summary
		A Classical Islamic Epistemological Framework for Integrating Secular and Sacred Sciences
		Schema of Health and Pathology
		The TIIP Ontological Model of the Human Psyche
		TIIP Drive Theory
		Core Interventions Corresponding to Components of the Human Psyche for Positive Health Outcomes
		Overarching Therapeutic Goals
			Process of Change (Patient)
			Core Mechanisms of Change Corresponding to the Process of Change (Practitioner)
				Murābaṭah or Alliance and Therapeutic Connection
				Mukāshafah or Uncovering
				Mu’ālajah or Intervention
				Muwāṣalah or Continuity of Treatment
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 2 The Role of the TIIP Therapist: Scope of Practice and Proposed Competencies
		Chapter Summary
		Introduction
		Scope of Practice
			S.ufi Shaykh
			Clinician (T.abib/H.akim)
			TIIP Therapist (Rafiq/Khalil.)
		Proposed TIIP Therapist Competencies
			1. Strong Foundational Knowledge and Skills with a Yearning for Further Personal Development
			2. Robust Moral and Ethical Principles Based on a Guided Understanding of Islamic Tradition
				Inner State of the TIIP Therapist
				Ethical Considerations, Value Conflicts and Pushing the Professional Practice Boundaries
			3. Possesses Relational Qualities with a Strong Ability to Develop a Therapeutic Alliance
			4. Flexibility in the Process of Treatment and  Case-Specific Conceptualization
			5. Seeks Out Mentors, Collaborators, Consultants, and Supervisors for Continued Support and Development
			6. Desire to Model Perfection in Character and  Usage of Creativity in the “Art of Therapy”
			7. Familiarity with the Islamic Intellectual Heritage and Being Anchored in an Islamically-Derived Perspective
		Conclusion
		References
Part II Introducing the Islamic Intellectual Heritage
	Chapter 3 Islamic Psychology: A Portrait of its Historical Origins and Contributions
		Chapter Summary
		Introduction
		Terminology and Historical Origins
			Defining Islamic Psychology
			Historical and Methodological Origins of Islamic Psychology
				Muslim Religious Motivation
				Islamic Inspiration and Methodology
				Socio-Political Factors
			Scholars of Islamic Psychology and Their Contributions
				The Philosophers’ Perspective
					Al-Kindi (d.259 AH/873 CE)
					Ibn Miskawayh (D.421 AH/1030 CE)
					Ibn Rush D/Averroes (D.594 AH/1198 CE)
					Al-Farabi (D.340 AH/951 CE)
				The Physicians’ Perspective
					Al-Razi (D.313 AH/925 CE)
					Abu Zayd al-Balkhi (D.322 AH/934 CE)
					Ibn Sina/Avicenna (D.428 AH/1037 CE)
				The Theologians’ Perspective
					Al-Ghazali (D.510 AH/1111 CE)
					Shihāb al-Dīn Abū Ḥafṣ \'Umar al-Suhrawardī (D.632 AH/1234 CE)
					Ibn Taymiyyah (D.728 AH/1328 CE)
					Ibn al-Qayyim (D.751 AH/1350 CE)
		The Modern Field of Islamic Psychology
			Barriers to Entry for Muslims in Modern Mainstream  Psychology
			Current Developments, Future Directions, and  Limitations for Islamic Psychology Research
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 4 Framing the Mind–Body Problem in Contemporary Neuroscientific and Sunni Islamic Theological Discourse
		Acknowledgments
		Introduction
		History of the Mind–Body(–Soul) Problem in Western Philosophy
		Consciousness in Neuroscience
			The Neural Correlates of Consciousness
			The Mind–Body Problem in Neuroscience
		An Islamic Theology of the Soul
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
Part III Case Formulation and Assessment
	Chapter 5 Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of the Ontological Domains of the Psyche in TIIP
		Chapter Summary
		The Domains of Human Psychospiritual Functioning
		Goals for Healthy Psycho-spiritual Functioning
		Assessment of Psycho-spiritual Functioning
			Comprehensive Spiritual Assessments and Its Goals
		Case Introduction
			Patient
			History
			Precipitating Event
			Assessment
			Other History
		Case Conceptualization and Treatment Plan
			‘Aql—Cognition
			Ih.sas—Emotions
			Return to the ‘Aql—Cognitive Consolidation
			Nafs—Behavioral Inclinations
			Ruh.—Spirit
			Ijtima‘i—Social
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 6 Dreams and Their Role in Islamically Integrated  Mental Health Practice
		Chapter Summary
		Introduction
		Dreams: An Islamic Perspective
			Dreams in the Islamic Scriptures
			Status of Dreams and Dream Interpretation
			Dream Interpretation in the Early Islamic Period
			The Classical Muslim Discipline of Dream Interpretation ʿIlm Taʿbīr al-Ruʾyā
			Synopsis of Ibn Sīrīn’s Treatise “Taʿbīr al-Ruʾyā” (DI)
			Muslim Scholars’ Views on Dreams Across Disciplines
		Integrating Dreamwork in Clinical Practice
			Introductory Case Scenario
			Islamic Spiritual Strategies in Psychotherapy
			Dream Diaries
		Dreamwork
			Case #1
			Case #2
			Case #3
			Nightmares
		DI Toolkit
			Identifying Types of Dreams Based on Their Content
			Dream Content Interpretation
		Dreams and Istikharah
		Dreams, Psychopathology, and Psychopharmacology
			Depression
			Anxiety
			PTSD
			Psychotic Disorders
			Bipolar Affective Disorders
			Eating Disorders
			Substance Use
			Dreams and Psychopharmacology
		Psycho-Spiritual Education
		Conclusion
		References
Part IV Treatment of the Domains of the Human Psyche
	Chapter 7 Emotionally Oriented Psychotherapy
		Chapter Summary
		Introduction
			Defining Emotion
		Utility of Emotion and Emotion Regulation
		Emotion Schemes and the Need to Balance Them
		Theoretical Underpinnings of Emotion Theories
			Dialectical Humanistic Constructivism vs. TIIP Trilectual Constructivism
			Trialectical Constructivism
				Nafs and Ruh.
				‘Aql
		A Traditional Islamically Integrated Approach to Working with Emotions
			The Emotional Process of Change
				Principles/Mechanism for Emotional Change
				TIIP Assessment and Decision-Making on Doing Emotional Work
		Interventions
			Emotional Attunement and Therapeutic Presence
			Deepening/Heightening of Emotions
			Marker-Oriented Emotion-Focused Psychotherapy
				Self–Self
				Self–Other
					Unfinished Business
					Tasawwur
		Consolidation Phase of Gains: A Co-Constructivist Approach to Meaning-Making
		Case Illustration
			Case Summary
			Case Conceptualization and Diagnosis According  to TIIP
			Treatment
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 8 The Use of the Intellect (‘aql..) as a Cognitive Restructuring Tool in an Islamic Psychotherapy
		Chapter Summary
		Introduction
			Scaffolding Behaviorism, Cognitivism, and Metaphysics
			The ‘Aql in Islamic Thought
				The Intellect in Scripture
				The Moral Intellect
				The Intellect in Islamic Law
				The Metaphysical Nature of the Intellect
				The Salutary Function of the Intellect
			Summary
		The Use of the Intellect in Therapy
			Cognitive Reframing to Alleviate Negative Consequences
			The Process of ‘Nafs-Reconciliation’15 in Islamic  Cognitive Psychotherapy
			Cognitively Reframing the Cause of Negative Cognitions
			Conclusion
		Case Summary
			Case Conceptualization and Diagnosis According  to TIIP
			Treatment
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 9 Behavioral (Nafsānī) Psychotherapy: Character Development and Reformation
		Chapter Summary
		Introduction
		Competing Drives
		Foundations of Behavioral Reformation
			Three Schools of Thought about Changing the Nafs
		Stages of Change of the Nafs
		Strategies of Behavioral Modification
		Assessment of Spiritual Diseases
		General Strategies
			Reciprocal Inhibition
			Change the Environment, Change the Behavior
			Change the Behavior, Change the Thinking
			Exposure Response Prevention
				The Six M’s Model of Behavioral Change
		Case Illustration of Implementation of the Six M’s
			Case Summary
			Case History
			Case Conceptualization and Diagnosis According to TIIP
			Treatment
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 10 Spiritually (Ruḥānī) Focused Psychotherapy
		Interrogating the Efficacy and Mechanisms of Spiritual Therapies
		Mystical Experiences
		The Neurobiology of Spirituality
		TIIP Disciplinary Assumptions
			Paradigmatic Assumptions of Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapies in a TIIP Context
		Motivated Behaviors (A.mal) Modulate the Spiritual Domain
			Volitional Mental Processes and Behaviors
			Intention-Based Mental Processes and Behaviors (Motivated Behaviors)
			Righteous Mental Processes and Behaviors and the  Nature of Intentions
		Therapeutic Concept for TIIP Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapies
		Dhikr
			Dhikr Balances/Counterbalances the Animalistic  Drives
			Group-Mediated Effects of Dhikr
			Tawbah and Istighfar as Special Forms of Dhikr
		Case Illustration
			Case Summary
			Case Conceptualization and Diagnosis According to TIIP
			Treatment
		Conclusions
		Notes
		References
Index