Applied Statistics for the Six Sigma Green Belt

Cover\r......Page 1
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
CD-ROM Contents......Page 10
List of Figures and Tables......Page 11
Preface......Page 13
Acknowledgments......Page 14
Part I Reliability Management......Page 16
1. Benefits of Reliability Engineering......Page 17
2. Interrelationship of Quality and Reliability......Page 18
3. Role of the Reliability Function in the Organization......Page 20
4. Reliability in Product and Process Development......Page 21
5. Failure Consequence and Liability Management......Page 22
6. Life-Cycle Cost Planning......Page 23
7. Customer Needs Assessment......Page 24
8. Project Management......Page 28
1. Terminology......Page 32
2. Elements of a Reliablity Program......Page 35
3. Product Life-Cycle and Costs......Page 37
4. Design Evaluation......Page 40
5. Requirements Management......Page 42
6. Reliability Training Programs......Page 43
1. Roles and Responsibilities......Page 45
2. Ethical Issues......Page 46
3. System Safety Program......Page 48
Part II Probability and Statistics for Reliability......Page 50
1. Statistical Terms......Page 51
2. Basic Probability Concepts......Page 53
3. Discrete and Continuous Probability Distributions......Page 62
4. Statistical Process Control (SPC)......Page 73
1. Point and Interval Estimates of Parameters......Page 76
2. Statistical Interval Estimates......Page 79
3. Hypothesis Testing (Parametric and Non-Parametric)......Page 86
4. Bayesian Technique......Page 107
Part III Reliability in Design and Development......Page 110
1. Use Factors......Page 111
2. Stress-Strength Analysis......Page 112
3. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) in Design......Page 113
4. Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) in Design......Page 115
5. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) in Design......Page 116
6. Tolerance and Worst-Case Analyses......Page 117
7. Robust Design Approaches......Page 119
8. Human Factors Reliability......Page 138
9. Design for X (DFX)......Page 139
1. Parts Selection......Page 141
2. Material Selection and Control......Page 142
3. Derating Methods and Principles......Page 143
4. Establishing Specifications......Page 144
Part IV Reliability Modeling and Predictions......Page 148
1. Sources of Reliability Data......Page 149
2. Reliability Block Diagrams and Models......Page 150
3. Simulation Techniques......Page 161
1. Part Count Predictions and Part Stress Analysis......Page 166
2. Advantages and Limitations of Reliability Predictions......Page 168
3. Reliability Prediction Methods for Repairable and Non-Repairable Devices......Page 169
4. Reliability Apportionment/Allocation......Page 170
Part V Reliability Testing......Page 174
1. Elements of a Reliability Test Plan......Page 175
2. Types and Applications of Reliability Testing......Page 177
3. Test Environment Considerations......Page 181
1. Accelerated Life Tests......Page 183
2. Step-Stress Testing......Page 186
3. Reliability Growth Testing......Page 188
4. Software Testing......Page 190
1. Qualification/Demonstration Testing......Page 192
3. Stress Screening......Page 197
4. Attribute Testing......Page 198
6. Software Testing......Page 201
Part VI Maintainability and Availability......Page 204
1. Maintainability and Availability Planning......Page 205
2. Maintenance Strategies......Page 206
3. Maintainability Apportionment/Allocation......Page 207
4. Availability Tradeoffs......Page 209
1. Maintenance Time Distributions......Page 211
2. Preventive Maintenance (PM) Analysis......Page 213
3. Corrective Maintenance Analysis......Page 214
5. Spare Parts Strategy......Page 216
Part VII Data Collection and Use......Page 220
1. Types of Data......Page 221
2. Data Sources......Page 222
3. Collection Methods......Page 223
4. Data Management......Page 224
1. Data Summarization......Page 226
2. Preventive and Corrective Action......Page 231
3. Measures of Effectiveness......Page 234
1. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)......Page 238
2. Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA)......Page 240
3. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Success Tree Analysis (STA)......Page 241
4. Failure Reporting, Analysis, and Corrective Action Systems (FRACAS)......Page 244
Part VIII Appendices......Page 246
Appendix A: Reliability Engineer......Page 247
Appendix B: ASQ Code of Ethics......Page 256
Appendix C: Control Limit Formulas......Page 258
Appendix D: Constants for Control Charts......Page 259
Appendix E: Areas under Standard Normal Curve......Page 260
Appendix F: F Distribution F0.1......Page 262
Appendix G: F Distribution F 0.05......Page 266
Appendix H: F Distribution F0.01......Page 270
Appendix I: Chi Square Distribution......Page 274
Appendix J: Values of the t Distribution......Page 276
Appendix K: Statistical Tolerance Factors for at Least 99 Percent of the Population......Page 278
Appendix L: Critical Values for the Mann-Whitney Test......Page 279
Appendix M: Critical Values for Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test......Page 280
Appendix N: Poisson Distribution......Page 281
Appendix O: Binomial Distribution......Page 283
Appendix P: Exponential Distribution......Page 285
Appendix Q: Median Ranks......Page 287
Glossary......Page 290
References......Page 312
Index......Page 314
CRE-Study Questions from CD-ROM......Page 322
Sample Examination from CD-ROM......Page 342