Applied Principles of Horticultural Science ~ 2nd Edition

Front Cover......Page 1
Applied Principles of Horticultural Science......Page 2
Copyright Page......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 12
Acknowledgements......Page 16
Part One: Plant science......Page 18
Background......Page 20
Exercise 1.1 The plant kingdom......Page 26
Exercise 1.2 Principles of classification......Page 28
Exercise 1.3 Nomenclature for plant ordering......Page 30
Exercise 1.4 Flowering plants (angiosperms)......Page 32
Answers......Page 36
Background......Page 38
Exercise 2.1 Seed structure and dissection......Page 40
Exercise 2.2 Percentage germination......Page 42
Exercise 2.3 Effect of seed age on germination......Page 44
Exercise 2.4 Tetrazolium test......Page 45
Exercise 2.5 Germination environment......Page 47
Answers......Page 48
Background......Page 50
Exercise 3.1 Vegetative propagation by cuttings......Page 53
Exercise 3.2 Propagation and layering (stem rhizomes and stolons)......Page 57
Exercise 3.3 Propagation and division (stem corms and bulbs)......Page 59
Exercise 3.4 Propagation and division (bulbs)......Page 61
Answers......Page 62
Background......Page 64
Exercise 4.1 Weed collecting and identification......Page 65
Exercise 4.2 Pressing and mounting weed specimens......Page 68
Exercise 4.3 Root structure......Page 69
Exercise 4.4 Cultural weed control......Page 72
Exercise 4.5 Chemical weed control......Page 75
Answers......Page 77
Background......Page 79
Exercise 5.1 Dicotyledonous leaf structure and photosynthesis......Page 83
Exercise 5.2 Chlorophyll and photosynthesis......Page 84
Exercise 5.3 Light and photosynthesis......Page 86
Exercise 5.4 Carbon dioxide and photosynthesis......Page 87
Exercise 5.5 Water and photosynthesis......Page 89
Exercise 5.6 Oxygen and photosynthesis......Page 90
Exercise 5.7 Cells and photosynthesis......Page 92
Answers......Page 94
Background......Page 97
Exercise 6.1 Storage of plant materials......Page 99
Exercise 6.2 Aerobic germination of pea seeds......Page 102
Exercise 6.3 Anaerobic respiration of yeast......Page 103
Exercise 6.4 Energy release during respiration......Page 104
Answers......Page 106
Background......Page 109
Exercise 7.1 Model of osmosis......Page 110
Exercise 7.2 Diffusion......Page 112
Exercise 7.3 Osmosis......Page 113
Exercise 7.4 Plasmolysis......Page 115
Exercise 7.5 Osmosis, diffusion and plasmolysis......Page 116
Exercise 7.6 Root pressure osmosis......Page 118
Answers......Page 119
Background......Page 122
Exercise 8.1 Stem tissue functions......Page 124
Exercise 8.2 Transport through plant stems......Page 125
Exercise 8.3 Water loss from leaf stomata......Page 127
Exercise 8.4 Transpiration......Page 129
Exercise 8.5 Transpiration balance......Page 133
Exercise 8.6 The weather......Page 134
Answers......Page 136
Background......Page 140
Exercise 9.1 Flower dissection......Page 142
Exercise 9.2 Structure and function......Page 143
Exercise 9.3 Floral structures......Page 144
Exercise 9.4 Pollen investigation......Page 146
Exercise 9.5 Insect-pollinated plants......Page 147
Exercise 9.6 Fertilization......Page 148
Answers......Page 150
Part Two: Soil science......Page 154
Background......Page 156
Exercise 10.1 Properties of soil particles......Page 160
Exercise 10.2 Features of coarse, medium and fine grade sand......Page 163
Exercise 10.3 Sand grade investigation......Page 165
Exercise 10.4 Soil texture assessment......Page 166
Exercise 10.5 Soil texture assessment of personal plot sites......Page 168
Answers......Page 169
Background......Page 172
Exercise 11.1 Soil structure and profile assessment......Page 175
Answers......Page 181
Background......Page 183
Exercise 12.1 Available water-holding capacity......Page 184
Exercise 12.2 Effects of waterlogged soils......Page 187
Exercise 12.3 Capillary rise......Page 188
Exercise 12.4 Plants’ physiological responses to water stress......Page 189
Answers......Page 190
Background......Page 193
Exercise 13.1 Soil and compost pH testing......Page 199
Answers......Page 201
Exercise 14.1 Soil texture and lime requirements......Page 203
Exercise 14.2 Liming materials and neutralizing values......Page 205
Exercise 14.3 Integration of skills......Page 208
Answers......Page 209
Background......Page 210
Exercise 15.1 Soil and compost pH testing......Page 211
Exercise 15.2 Soil texture......Page 212
Exercise 15.3 Free lime (calcium carbonate) content......Page 213
Exercise 15.4 Sulphur requirements to lower pH......Page 215
Exercise 15.5 Lowering pH – integration of skills......Page 216
Answers......Page 217
Background......Page 220
Exercise 16.1 Classification of soil organisms......Page 221
Exercise 16.2 Biodiversity in a compost heap......Page 225
Answers......Page 227
Exercise 17.1 Soil organic matter determination......Page 228
Exercise 17.2 Properties of organic matter......Page 230
Exercise 17.3 Organic matter and nitrogen......Page 231
Answers......Page 233
Background......Page 235
Exercise 18.1 Plant nutrition......Page 236
Exercise 18.2 Tomato plant deficiency symptoms......Page 237
Exercise 18.4 Major nutrient roles......Page 239
Exercise 18.5 Nitrate fertilizers......Page 243
Answers......Page 245
Background......Page 248
Exercise 19.1 Fertilizer nutrient content......Page 252
Exercise 19.2 Structure of fertilizers......Page 253
Exercise 19.3 Fertilizer spreading......Page 254
Exercise 19.4 Types of fertilizer......Page 255
Exercise 19.5 Speed and mode of nutrient release......Page 256
Exercise 19.6 Fertilizer recommendations and calculations......Page 259
Exercise 19.7 Area and amount of fertilizer required......Page 262
Exercise 19.8 Total fertilizer quantity measurements......Page 263
Answers......Page 264
Part Three: Pest and disease......Page 270
Background......Page 272
Exercise 20.1 Mycelium investigation......Page 276
Exercise 20.3 Spore cases and spore survival techniques......Page 278
Exercise 20.4 Rust disease......Page 279
Exercise 20.6 Structure of a mushroom......Page 280
Exercise 20.7 Spore mapping......Page 281
Answers......Page 282
Background......Page 285
Exercise 21.1 Pit fall trapping......Page 286
Exercise 21.2 Pooter bug hunting......Page 288
Exercise 21.3 Vine weevils......Page 289
Exercise 21.4 Wireworms and click beetles......Page 291
Exercise 21.5 Leatherjackets and cranefly......Page 292
Exercise 21.6 Cabbage root fly......Page 293
Exercise 21.7 Cutworms......Page 294
Exercise 21.8 Common gooseberry sawfly......Page 295
Exercise 21.9 Cabbage white butterfly......Page 296
Exercise 21.10 Red spider mite......Page 297
Exercise 21.11 Aphids......Page 298
Answers......Page 300
Background......Page 304
Exercise 22.1 Vinegar nematode......Page 306
Exercise 22.2 Nematode damage to plants......Page 307
Exercise 22.3 Potato cyst nematodes (Globodera) in soils......Page 308
Answers......Page 311
Background......Page 312
Exercise 23.1 Common uses of biological control agents......Page 317
Exercise 23.2 Diagnosis of pest damage......Page 323
Exercise 23.3 Monitoring pest levels......Page 325
Exercise 23.4 Predators and prey......Page 327
Answers......Page 329
Useful suppliers......Page 332
Bibliography......Page 334
Index......Page 336