Applied pharmacology for veterinary technicians

Front cover
Inside front cover
Applied Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians
Copyright page
Dedication
Preface
	New to this Edition
	Evolve Site
Acknowledgments
Table of Contents
1 General Pharmacology
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Introduction
	Drug Sources
	Inactive Ingredients
	Pharmacotherapeutics
	Pharmacokinetics
		Routes of Administration
			Oral
			Parenteral
			Inhalation
			Topical
		Drug Absorption
		Drug Distribution
		Biotransformation
		Drug Excretion
	Pharmacodynamics
	Drug Interactions
	Drug Names
	Drug Labels
	Development and Approval  of New Drugs
		Regulatory Agencies
			The Food Animal Residue  Avoidance Databank
		Steps in the Development  of a New Drug
			Preliminary Trials
			Preclinical (Animal Safety) Trials
			Clinical Trials
			Submission of a New Animal  Drug Application
			Final Review by the Food and  Drug Administration
			Product Monitoring
			The Green Book
	Federal Laws Related to Drug Development and Use
		The Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act
			Prohibited:
			Restricted:
		Compounding of Veterinary Drugs
		The Veterinary Feed Directive
		The Minor Use and Minor Species Animal Health Act
	Dispensing Versus  Prescribing Drugs
	Marketing of Drugs
	Disposal of Unwanted Drugs
	Review Questions
	References
2 Routes and Techniques of Drug Administration
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Introduction
	Dosage Forms
	Drug Preservatives and Solvents
	Drug Administration
		Oral Medications
		Parenteral Medications
		Intramuscular Injections
		Subcutaneous Injections
		Inhalation Medications
		Topical Medications
	Medication Orders
	Dispensed Medication Labeling
	Controlled Substances
	Client Education
	Review Questions
	References
3 Practical Calculations
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Introduction
	Mathematic Fundamentals
	Systems of Measurement
		Metric System
		Conversion Between Metric Units
		Apothecary and Household Systems
	Dosage Calculations
	Solutions
	Percent Concentrations
		Calculations Involving Concentrations
	Milliequivalents
	Calculations Involving Intravenous Fluid Administration
		Calculations for Constant Rate  Infusion Problems
	Review Questions
		Problems Using Ratios and Proportions
			Ratios
			Proportions (Solve for X.)
		Problems Using the Metric System
		Problems Using the Apothecary and Household Systems
		Problems Combining the Two Systems
		Problems Measuring Oral Medications
		Problems Measuring Parenteral Medications
	Injection Problems
		Preparing Solutions
		Problems Calculating Intravenous (IV) Drip Rates
	References
4 Drugs Used in Nervous System Disorders
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Introduction
	Anatomy and Physiology
	Autonomic Nervous System
		How Drugs Affect the Autonomic Nervous System
	Classes of Autonomic Nervous System Agents
		Cholinergic Agents
			Clinical Uses
			Direct-Acting Cholinergics
			Indirect-Acting Cholinergic (Anticholinesterase) Agents
				Adverse Side Effects
		Cholinergic Blocking  Agents (Anticholinergic)
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Adrenergic (Sympathomimetic) Agents
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Adrenergic Blocking Agents
			Alpha Blockers
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Beta Blockers
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Ganglionic Blockers
	Central Nervous System
		Tranquilizers
			Phenothiazine Derivatives
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Benzodiazepine Derivatives
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Xylazine Hydrochloride
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Detomidine Hydrochloride
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Medetomidine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Dexmedetomidine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Romifidine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
		Barbiturates
			Clinical Uses
			Long-Acting Barbiturates (Oxybarbiturates, 8 to 12 Hours)
			Short-Acting Barbiturates (Oxybarbiturates, 45 Minutes  to 1.5 Hours)
			Ultrashort-Acting Barbiturates (Thiobarbiturates, 5 to 30 Minutes)
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
		Dissociative Agents
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Opioid Agonists
			Clinical Uses
			Naturally Occurring Narcotics
			Synthetic Narcotics
				Adverse Side Effects
		Opioid Antagonists
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Neuroleptanalgesics
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Drugs Given to Prevent or Control Seizures
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Inhalant Anesthetics
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Miscellaneous Central Nervous System Drugs
			Propofol
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Glyceryl Guaiacolate or Guaifenesin (Guailaxin, Gecolate)
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Chloral Hydrate/Magnesium Sulfate
		Central Nervous System Stimulants
			Doxapram
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol)
			Caffeine
			Amphetamines
		Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
	Behavioral Pharmacotherapy
		Pharmacotherapeutic Agents
		Antianxiety Medications
			Benzodiazepines
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Azapirones
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
		Antidepressants
			Tricyclics
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitors
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Synthetic Progestins
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Miscellaneous Behavioral Agents
		Euthanasia Agents
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
	Review Questions
	References
5 Drugs Used in Respiratory System Disorders
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Introduction
	Respiratory Anatomy  and Physiology
	Respiratory Defense Mechanisms
	Principles of Respiratory Therapeutics
	Inhalation Therapy for Respiratory Disease
		Clinical Uses
	Categories of  Respiratory Drugs
		Expectorants
			Guaifenesin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Iodide Preparations
			Hypertonic Saline
		Mucolytics: Acetylcysteine
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Antitussives: Centrally  Acting Agents
			Butorphanol Tartrate
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Hydrocodone Bitartrate
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Codeine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Dextromethorphan
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Temaril-P
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
		Bronchodilators
			Cholinergic Blockers
			Antihistamines
			Beta2-Adrenergic Agonists
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Methylxanthines
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
		Decongestants
		Antihistamines
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Corticosteroids
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Miscellaneous Respiratory Drugs
			Respiratory Stimulants
				Doxapram Hydrochloride
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Form
					Adverse Side Effects
			Mast Cell Stabilizers
			Leukotriene Antagonists
				Naloxone
				Yobine
	Review Questions
	References
6 Drugs Used in Renal and  Urinary Tract Disorders
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Introduction
	Physiologic Principles
	Renal Failure
	Drugs Commonly Used  for the Treatment of  Renal Dysfunction and  Associated Hypertension
		Diuretic Drugs
			Loop Diuretics
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Osmotic Diuretics
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Thiazide Diuretics
				Dosage Forms
				Clinical Uses
				Adverse Side Effects
			Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
				Dosage Forms
				Clinical Uses
				Adverse Side Effects
		Cholinergic Agonists
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Form
			Adverse Side Effects
		Anticholinergic Drugs
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Adrenergic Antagonists
			Alpha-Adrenergic Antagonists
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
		Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Vasodilators and Calcium Channel Blockers
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Antidiuretic Hormone
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Form
			Adverse Side Effects
		Urinary Acidifiers
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors
			Dosage Form
			Clinical Uses
			Adverse Side Effects
		Urinary Alkalizers
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
	Pharmacotherapy of Renal Failure Complications
		Epoetin Alpha (Epogen, Procrit)
			Adverse Side Effects
	Pharmacotherapy of  Urinary Incontinence
		Dosage Forms
		Clinical Uses
		Adverse Side Effects
		Miscellaneous Renal Drugs
			Urinary Tract Analgesics
				Phenazopyridine
			Tricyclic Antidepressants
				Amitriptyline (Elavil)
					Adverse Side Effects
			Glycosaminoglycans
				Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium (Elmiron)
					Clinical Uses
					Adverse Side Effects
			Other Agents
				Epakitin
					Clinical Uses
				Azodyl
	Technician’s Role
	Review Questions
	References
7 Drugs Used in Cardiovascular System Disorders
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Introduction
	Anatomy and Physiology  of the Heart
	Compensatory Mechanisms of the Cardiovascular System
	Basic Objectives  in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
	Categories of  Cardiovascular Drugs
		Positive Inotropic Drugs
			Cardiac Glycosides (Digitalis)
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Catecholamines
				Epinephrine
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Isoproterenol
				Dopamine
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Dobutamine
			Bipyridine Derivatives
			Inotropic, Mixed Dilator
				Pimobendan
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Form
					Adverse Side Effects
					Contraindication
		Antiarrhythmic Drugs
			Class IA
				Quinidine
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Procainamide
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
			Class IB
				Lidocaine
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Tocainide and Mexiletine
			Class IC
			Class II
				Propranolol
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Atenolol
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Other Beta Blockers
			Class III
			Class IV
				Verapamil Hydrochloride
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Diltiazem
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
			Other Class IV Antiarrhythmics
		Vasodilator Drugs
			Hydralazine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Nitroglycerin Ointment
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Prazosin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Angiotensin-Converting  Enzyme Inhibitors
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Other Vasodilators
		Diuretics
			Furosemide
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Thiazides
			Spironolactone
	Dietary Management  of Heart Disease
	Ancillary Treatment  of Heart Failure
		Bronchodilators
		Oxygen Therapy
		Sedation
		Aspirin
		Thoracocentesis and Abdominocentesis
	Review Questions
	References
8 Drugs Used in Gastrointestinal System Disorders
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Introduction
	Anatomy and Physiology
	Regulation of the Gastrointestinal System
	Vomiting
		Emetics
			Centrally Acting Emetics
				Apomorphine
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Xylazine
			Locally Acting Emetics
				Hydrogen Peroxide
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Form
					Adverse Side Effects
		Antiemetics
			Phenothiazine Derivatives
				Chlorpromazine
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Prochlorperazine
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
			Procainamide Derivatives: Metoclopramide
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Antihistamines (H1 Blockers)
				Dosage Forms
			Serotonin Receptor (5-HT3) Antagonists
				Dosage Forms
			NK-1 Receptor Antagonists
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
		Antiulcer Medications
			H2 Receptor Antagonists
				Cimetidine
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Ranitidine
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Famotidine
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Nizatidine
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
			Proton Pump Inhibitors
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Antacids
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Gastromucosal Protectants
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Prostaglandin E1 Analogues
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
	Diarrhea
		Antidiarrheal Medications
			Narcotic Analgesics
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Anticholinergics/Antispasmodics
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Protectants/Adsorbents
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
		Laxatives
			Saline/Hyperosmotic Agents
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Bulk-Producing Agents
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Lubricants
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Surfactants/Stool Softeners
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Irritants
		Gastrointestinal  Prokinetics/Stimulants
			Dopaminergic Antagonists
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Serotonergic Drugs
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Motilin-Like Drugs
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Direct Cholinergics
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
		Digestive Enzymes
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Miscellaneous  Gastrointestinal Drugs
			Antibiotics
				Metronidazole
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Form
					Adverse Side Effects
			Antiinflammatory Agents
				Dosage Forms
			Antifoaming Agents
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Weight-Loss Products
				Dirlotapide
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Form
					Adverse Side Effects
			Probiotics
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
			Appetite Stimulants
		Oral Products
			Dentifrice and Cleansing Products
			Fluoride Products
			Perioceutic Agents
				Doxirobe
			Tissue Regeneration Agents
			Polishing Paste
			Disclosing Solution
	Review Questions
	References
9 Drugs Used in Hormonal, Endocrine,  and Reproductive Disorders
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Introduction
	Anatomy and Physiology
		Pituitary Gland
		Control of the Endocrine System
			Feedback Mechanism
			Neurohormonal Reflex
		Control of the Reproductive System
	Hormonal Drugs Associated with Reproduction
		Gonadotropins and  Gonadal Hormones
			Gonadotropins
				Gonadorelin
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Chorionic Gonadotropin
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Form
					Adverse Side Effects
			Estrogens
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Androgens
				Methyltestosterone, Testosterone Cypionate, Testosterone Enanthate,  and Testosterone Propionate
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Mibolerone
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
			Progestins
				Megestrol Acetate
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Altrenogest
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Form
					Adverse Side Effects
				Norgestomet
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Form
					Adverse Side Effects
				Melengestrol Acetate
		Prostaglandins
			Dinoprost Tromethamine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Cloprostenol Sodium
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
		Drugs That Affect  Uterine Contractility
			Oxytocin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Ergot
			Prostaglandins
			Corticosteroids
		Miscellaneous Reproductive Drugs
			Bromocriptine
			Cabergoline
			Leuprolide
			Melatonin
			Metergoline
			Neutersol
		Pheromones
	Thyroid Hormones
		Drugs Used to  Treat Hypothyroidism
			Levothyroxine Sodium (T4)
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Liothyronine Sodium
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
		Drugs Used to  Treat Hyperthyroidism
			Methimazole
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Carbimazole
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Ipodate
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
			Propylthiouracil
			Radioactive Iodine
			Propranolol
		Drugs Used to Treat Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s Syndrome)
			Ketoconazole
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Metyrapone
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Mitotane
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Selegiline
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Trilostane
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
		Agents for the Treatment  of Diabetes Mellitus
			Insulin
				Insulin Classifications
				Short-Acting Insulin
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Intermediate-Acting Insulin
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Long-Acting Insulin
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Use of Insulin Products
			Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
		Hyperglycemic Agents
	Hormones That Act as  Growth Promoters
		Sex Steroids, Synthetic  Steroid Analogues, and Nonsteroidal Analogues
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Growth Hormone: Bovine Somatotropin, Bovine  Growth Hormone
	Anabolic Steroids
		Stanozolol
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Boldenone Undecylenate
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Form
			Adverse Side Effects
		Nandrolone Decanoate
	Review Questions
	References
10 Drugs Used in Ophthalmic and Otic Disorders
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Introduction
	Diagnostic Agents
		Fluorescein Sodium
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Lissamine Green
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Form
			Adverse Side Effects
		Phenol Red Thread
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Form
			Adverse Side Effects
		Rose Bengal
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Schirmer Tear Test
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
	Ocular Anesthetics
		Proparacaine HCl
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Tetracaine HCl
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Benoxinate
	Parasympathomimetics
		Carbachol
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Pilocarpine HCl
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Demecarium Bromide
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Form
			Adverse Side Effects
	Sympathomimetics
		Apraclonidine
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Brimonidine
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Epinephrine
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
	Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists
		Timolol
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
	Carbonic Anyhydrase Inhibitors
		Brinzolamide HCl
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Dorzolamide HCl
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
	Prostaglandins
		Latanoprost
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Form
			Adverse Side Effects
		Bimatoprost
			Dosage Forms
		Travoprost
			Dosage Form
		Unoprostone Isopropyl
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
	Osmotic Agents for the Treatment of Glaucoma
	Mydriatic Cycloplegic Vasoconstrictors
		Cyclopentolate
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Phenylephrine HCl
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Form
			Adverse Side Effects
		Atropine Sulfate
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Tropicamide
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
	Antiinflammatory/Analgesic Ophthalmic Agents
		Cromolyn Sodium
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Form
			Adverse Side Effects
		Lodoxamide Tromethamine
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Form
			Adverse Side Effects
		Olopatadine HCl
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Form
	Nonsteroidal Anatiinflammatory Agents
		Clinical Uses
		Dosage Forms
		Adverse Side Effects
	Steroidal Antiinflammatory Agents
		Prednisolone
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Dexamethasone
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Betamethasone
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Form
		Fluorometholone
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Loteprednol
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Rimexolone
			Dosage Form
	Ophthalmic Analgesics
		Morphine Sulfate
			Clinical Use
			Dosage Forms
	Antimicrobial Ophthalmic Therapy
		Amikacin Sulfate
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Neomycin Sulfate
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Gentamicin Sulfate
			Clinical Use
			Dosage Forms
		Tobramycin Sulfate
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Ocular Fluoroquinolones
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
	Miscellaneous Ocular Antibiotics
		Chloramphenicol
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Polymyxin B
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Form
		Sulfacetamide
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Vancomycin
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
	Ocular Antifungals
		Amphotericin B
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Natamycin
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Form
			Adverse Side Effects
		Povidone Iodine
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Silver Sulfadiazine
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Itraconazole
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
	Ocular Antivirals
		Trifluridine
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Idoxuridine
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Interferon Alpha
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Form
		Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir, Ganciclovir, Cidofovir, and Penciclovir
	Drugs for Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
		Cyclosporine
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Tacrolimus
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Form
		Pimecrolimus
	Ocular Lubricants/Artificial Tear Products
		Artificial Tears
		Ophthalmic Irrigants
	Anticollagenase Agents
		Acetylcysteine
			Dosage Form
		Edetate Disodium
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Form
	Otic Drugs
		Ceruminolytic Agents
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Cleaning/Drying Agents
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Antiseptic Agents
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Antibiotic Potentiating Agents
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Corticosteroid Preparations
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Antibacterials
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Antifungals
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Corticosteroid Plus  Antimicrobial Preparations
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Antiparasitic Preparations
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
	Review Questions
	References
11 Drugs Used in Skin Disorders
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Introduction
	Anatomy and Physiology
	Wound Healing
		Topical Antipruritics  and Antiinflammatories
			Noncorticosteroids
				Aluminum Acetate Solution
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Colloidal Oatmeal
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Topical Essential Fatty Acids
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Topical Diphenhydramine HCl
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Topical Lidocaine and  Lidocaine/Prilocaine
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Phytosphingosine
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Pramoxine HCl
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Phenol/Menthol/Camphor
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Topical Neutralized Zinc Gluconate
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Form
			Topical Corticosteroids
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Topical Hydrocortisone
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Topical Isoflupredone Acetate
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Mometasone Furoate
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Topical Triamcinolone Acetonide
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
		Topical Antimicrobials
			Benzoyl Peroxide
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Topical Clindamycin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Topical Gentamicin Sulfate
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Mupirocin (Pseudomonic Acid A)
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Topical Nitrofurazone
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
			Silver Sulfadiazine (SSD)
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
		Antiseptics
			Acetic Acid/Boric Acid
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Chlorhexidine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Chloroxylenol (PCMX)
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Topical Enzymes
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Ethyl Lactate
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
		Antifungals
			Enilconazole
				Clinical Uses
				Adverse Effects
			Topical Ketoconazole
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Lime Sulfur
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Topical Miconazole
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Nystatin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Selenium Sulfide
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Topical Terbinafine HCl
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Salicylic Acid
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Precipitated Sulfur
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Coal Tar
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
		Topical Retinoids
			Tretinoin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Effects
		Topical Antiparasitic Agents
			Amitraz
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Crotamiton
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Deltamethrin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Dinotefuran Plus Pyriproxyfen  (Plus Permethrin)
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
			Fipronil or Fipronil/(S)-Methoprene
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Imidacloprid, Imidacloprid with Permethrin, and Imidacloprid  with Moxidectin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			(S)-Methoprene Combinations
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Permethrin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Topical Pyrethrins and  Pyrethrin Combinations
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Topical Pyriproxyfen and  Pyriproxyfen Combinations
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Spinetoram
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
	Review Questions
	Reference
12 Antiinfective Drugs
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Introduction
	Mechanism of Action
		Aminocyclitols
			Pharmacodynamics/Pharmacokinetics
			Amikacin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Apramycin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Gentamicin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Neomycin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Spectinomycin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Tobramycin
				Clinical Uses
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
		Carbapenems
			Pharmacodynamics/Pharmacokinetics
			Ertapenem
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of Drug
			Imipenem–Cilastatin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of Drug
			Meropenem
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Effects
		Cephalosporins
			Pharmacodynamics/Pharmacokinetics
			Orally Active
			Parenterally Active
				Group I
				Group II
				Group III
				Group IV
			Cefaclor
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Cefadroxil
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Cefazolin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Cefepime
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Cefixime
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Cefotaxime
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Cefotetan Disodium
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Cefovecin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Cefoxitin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of Drug
			Cefpodoxime Proxetil
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Ceftazidime
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Ceftiofur Crystalline Free Acid
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Ceftiofur Sodium
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Ceftriaxone
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Cefuroxime
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Cephalexin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Cephapirin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
		Macrolides
			Pharmacodynamics/Pharmacokinetics
			Azithromycin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the drug
			Clarithromycin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Erythromycin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Tulathromycin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Tylosin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
		Penicillins
			History of Penicillin
				Pharmacodynamics/Pharmacokinetics for Penicillins
			Amoxicillin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Amoxicillin/Clavulanate
				Pharmacodynamics/Pharmacokinetics
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
					Storage of the Drug
			Ampicillin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Ampicillin/Sulbactam
				Pharmacodynamics/Pharmacokinetics
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Form
					Adverse Side Effects
					Storage of the Drug
			Cloxacillin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Dicloxacillin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Oxacillin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Penicillin G
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Penicillin V
				Dosage Form
			Piperacillin and  Piperacillin/Tazobactam
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Ticarcillin/Clavulanate
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
		Tetracyclines
			Pharmacodynamics/Pharmacokinetics
			Chlortetracycline
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Doxycycline
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Minocycline HCl
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Oxytetracycline
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Tetracycline
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
		Lincosamides
			Pharmacodynamics/Pharmacokinetics
			Clindamycin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Lincomycin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Pirlimycin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Tilmicosin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
		Quinolones
			Pharmacodynamics/Pharmacokinetics
			Ciprofloxacin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Danofloxacin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Difloxacin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Enrofloxacin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Ibafloxacin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Marbofloxacin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Orbifloxacin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
		Sulfonamides
			Pharmacodynamics/Pharmacokinetics
			Sulfachlorpyridazine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Sulfadiazine/Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Sulfadimethoxine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Sulfadimethoxine/Ormetoprim
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
		Antibacterials
			Aztreonam
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Chloramphenicol
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Clofazimine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Dapsone
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Ethambutol
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Florfenicol
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Fosfomycin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Isoniazid
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Methenamine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Metronidazole
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Nitrofurantoin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Novobiocin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Potassium Iodide
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Rifampin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Tiamulin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Tinidazole
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Vancomycin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
		Antifungal Agents
			Pharmacodynamics/Pharmacokinetics
			Amphotericin B
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Caspofungin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Fluconazole
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Flucytosine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Griseofulvin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Itraconazole
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Ketoconazole
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Nystatin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Terbutaline HCl
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Voriconazole
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
		Antiviral Agents
			Acyclovir
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Amantadine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Famciclovir
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Interferon Alfa
				Pharmacokinetics/Therapeutics
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
					Storage of the Drug
			Interferon Omega
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Lysine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Oseltamivir
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
			Zidovudine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
				Storage of the Drug
		Disinfectants/Antiseptics
			Biguanide Compounds
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Chlorines and Iodines
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Ethylene Oxide
				Clinical Uses
				Adverse Side Effects
			Formaldehyde
				Clinical Uses
				Adverse Side Effects
			Phenolics: Saponated Cresol and Semisynthetic Phenols
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: Cationic Detergents
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Other Disinfectants
				Soaps
				Organic Mercury Compounds
				Alkalis
				Hydrogen Peroxide
				Glutaraldehyde
	Review Questions
	References
13 Antiparasitic Drugs
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Introduction
	Endoparasites
		Antinematodal
			Benzimidazoles
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Organophosphates
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Tetrahydropyrimidines
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Imidazothiazoles
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Avermectins
				Ivermectin
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
				Moxidectin
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
				Doramectin
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
				Eprinomectin
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Form
					Adverse Side Effects
			Other Agents
				Piperazine
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
				Praziquantel/Pyrantel  Pamoate/Febantel
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Form
					Adverse Side Effects
		Anticestodal
			Bunamidine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Epsiprantel
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
		Antitrematodal
			Clorsulon
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Albendazole
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
			Praziquantel
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
		Topical Solutions
			Emodepside/Praziquantel
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
		Antiprotozoal
			Drugs for Treating Coccidia and  Other Protozoa
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Drugs for Treating Giardia
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Drugs for Preventing Giardia
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Drugs for Treating Babesia
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
	Heartworm Disease
		Adulticides
			Melarsomine Dihydrochloride
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
		Microfilaricides
		Preventives
			Imidacloprid Plus Moxidectin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
			Ivermectin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Milbemycin Oxime
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Moxidectin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Selamectin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Diethylcarbamazine Citrate
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
	Ectoparasites
		Application Systems
			Prediluted Sprays
				Adverse Side Effects
			Emulsifiable Concentrates
				Dips
					Adverse Side Effects
				Yard and Kennel Sprays
					Adverse Side Effects
				Shampoos
					Adverse Side Effects
				Dusts
					Adverse Side Effects
				Foggers
			Monthly Flea and Tick Products
				Fipronil
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Imidacloprid
					Dosage Form
					Adverse Side Effects
				Imidacloprid and Permethrin
					Dosage Form
				Lufenuron
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Metaflumizone
					Dosage Form
				Metaflumizone/Amitraz
					Dosage Form
				Permethrin
					Dosage Form
					Adverse Side Effects
				Selamectin
					Dosage Form
					Adverse Side Effects
				Spinosad
					Dosage Form
		Insecticides
			Pyrethrins
			Synthetic Pyrethroids
				Dosage Forms
			Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Carbamates
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Organophosphates
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Formamidines
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Nitenpyram
				Dosage Form
			Synergists
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Repellents
				Dosage Forms
			Insect Growth Regulators and Insect Growth Hormones
				Dosage Forms
			Other Insecticides
				Rotenone
					Dosage Forms
				Ivermectin
					Dosage Forms
				D-Limonene
					Dosage Forms
				Benzyl Benzoate
				Petroleum Distillate
	Review Questions
	References
14 Drugs Used to Relieve Pain and Inflammation
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Introduction
	Anatomy and Physiology
		Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
			Salicylates
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Pyrazolone Derivatives
				Phenylbutazone
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
			Flunixin Meglumine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Dimethyl Sulfoxide
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Buscopan Compositum
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
			Acetaminophen
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Propionic Acid Derivatives
				Carprofen
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Ketoprofen
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Naproxen
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Ibuprofen
		Other Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
			Etodolac
				Clinical Use
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Deracoxib
				Clinical Use
				Dosage Form
			Firocoxib
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
			Tepoxalin
				Clinical Use
				Dosage Form
			Meloxicam
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Robenacoxib
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan
				Dosage Form
			Hyaluronate Sodium
				Dosage Forms
			Selenium and Vitamin E
				Dosage Form
			Ketorolac
		Opioid Analgesics
			Opioid Agonists
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
				Transdermal Fentanyl Use
			Opioid Agonists–Antagonists
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Opioid Partial Agonists
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
		Other Drugs Used as Pain Control Agents
			α-2 Adrenergic Agents
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Ketamine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Tramadol
				Clinical Uses
				Adverse Side Effects
			Miscellaneous Pain Control Agents
		Antihistamines
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			H1 Blockers
				Dosage Forms
			H2 Blockers
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
		Muscle Relaxants
			Methocarbamol
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
			Other Muscle Relaxants
				Dantrolene
					Dosage Form
					Adverse Side Effects
		Corticosteroids
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Injectables
			Oral
			Topical
				Adverse Side Effects
		Local, Regional, and Topical Anesthetic Agents
		Clinical Uses
		Dosage Forms
		Injectable
		Topical
			Adverse Side Effects
	Review Questions
	References
15 Therapeutic Nutritional, Fluid, and Electrolyte Replacements
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Introduction
	Anatomy, Physiology,  and Chemistry
		Distribution of Body Water  and Electrolytes
		Composition of Body and  Therapeutic Fluids
		Osmotic Pressure and Tonicity of Fluids
	Principles of Fluid Therapy
		Indications for Fluid Therapy
		Fluid Balance
		History, Physical Examination, and Laboratory Findings
		Determining the Amount of Fluid  to Administer
		Routes of Fluid Administration
		Rate of Administration
		Monitoring Fluid Administration
		Discontinuation of Fluid Therapy
		Preparing Fluid Administration Equipment
	Types of Solutions Used in  Fluid Therapy
		Crystalloid Solutions
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
		Isotonic High-Sodium Crystalloids
			Physiologic Saline
			Lactated Ringer’s Solution
			Ringer’s Solution (Injection)
			Normosol R
			Plasma-Lyte
		Hypotonic Low-Sodium Crystalloids
			Dextrose 5% in Water
			Dextrose 2.5% With 0.45% Saline
			Half-Strength Lactated Ringer’s Solution With 2.5% Dextrose
				Adverse Side Effects
		Hypertonic Saline Solutions
			Adverse Side Effects
		Colloid Solutions
			Clinical Uses
			Synthetic Colloids
				Dextrans
				Hydroxyethyl Starch
				Oxyglobin
			Natural Colloids
				Albumin
				Fresh Frozen Plasma
				Frozen or Stored Plasma
				Whole Blood
					Adverse Side Effects
		Fluid Additives
			Sodium Bicarbonate
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Potassium Chloride
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Calcium Supplements
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			50% Dextrose
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Vitamin Supplements
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
	Oral Electrolyte Preparations
		Clinical Uses
		Dosage Forms
		Adverse Side Effects
	Parenteral Nutrition
	Parenteral Vitamin/Mineral Products
		Water-Soluble Vitamins
			Vitamin B Complex
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Thiamine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B1)
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
		Fat-Soluble Vitamins
			Vitamin A
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Vitamin D
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Vitamin E
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Vitamin K
	Review Questions
	References
16 Blood-Modifying, Antineoplastic, and Immunosuppressant Drugs
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Introduction
	Blood-Modifying Drugs/Agents
		Hematinics
			Iron Compounds
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Erythropoietin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Androgens
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Blood Substitutes
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
		Anticoagulants
			Heparin
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid
			Coumarin Derivatives
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Acid Citrate Dextrose Solution and Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine
			Antiplatelet Drugs
		Hemostatics/Anticoagulant Antagonists
			Topical Agents
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Parenteral Agents
				Protamine Sulfate
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Form
					Adverse Side Effects
				Vitamin K1 (Phytonadione)
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Aminocaproic Acid
					Dosage Form
		Fibrinolytic (Thrombolytic) Drugs
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
	Antineoplastic Drugs
	Principles of Chemotherapy
		Alkylating Agents
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Anthracyclines
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Antimetabolites
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Antitubulin Agents
			Clinical Uses
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
		Miscellaneous Antineoplastic Drugs
			Platinum Drugs
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Asparaginase
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Glucocorticoids
			Piroxicam
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
		Biologic Response Modifiers
			Monoclonal Antibodies
				Clinical Uses
			Interferon
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Other Biologic Response Modifiers
		Immunosuppressive Drugs
			Azathioprine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Cyclosporine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Metronidazole
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Cyclophosphamide
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Corticosteroids
			Other Immunosuppressive Agents
	Review Questions
	References
17 Immunologic Drugs
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Principles of Vaccination
	Common Vaccine Types That Produce Active Immunity
		Inactivated
			Advantages
			Disadvantages
			Dosage Forms
		Live
			Advantages
			Disadvantages
			Dosage Forms
		Modified Live
			Advantages
			Disadvantages
			Dosage Forms
		Recombinant
			Advantages
			Disadvantages
			Dosage Forms
		Toxoid
			Characteristics
			Dosage Forms
	Common Vaccine Types That Produce Passive Immunity
		Antitoxin
			Characteristics
			Dosage Forms
		Antiserum
			Characteristics
			Dosage Forms
	Other Types of Vaccines
		Autogenous Vaccine
		Mixed Vaccine
	Administration of Vaccines
	Biologic Care and  Vaccine Failure
	Adverse Vaccination Responses
	Vaccinations for Preventive Health Programs
		Canine
			Canine Vaccines
		Equine
			Equine Vaccines
		Feline
			Feline Vaccines
		Bovine
			Bovine Vaccines
		Others
			Swine Vaccines
			Small Ruminant Vaccines
	Immunotherapeutic Drugs
		Immunostimulants
			Complex Carbohydrates
				Acemannan
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Form
					Adverse Side Effects
			Immunomodulatory Bacterins
				Staphylococcal Phage Lysate
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Form
					Adverse Side Effects
				Propionibacterium acnes Bacterin
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
				Mycobacterial Cell Wall Fraction
					Clinical Uses
					Dosage Forms
					Adverse Side Effects
	Review Questions
	References
18 Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Alternative Medicines
		Chondroprotectives
			Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycans
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
		Regenerative Medicine
			Stem Cell Therapy
			Platelet-Rich Plasma
			Interleukin-1 Antagonist Protein
		Nutraceuticals
			Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate
			Fatty Acids
			S-Adenosylmethionine
			Superoxide Dismutase
			Coenzyme Q
		Herbal Medicines
			Summary of Herbal Medicines
				Aloe
				Bloodroot
				Echinacea
				Garlic
				Ginseng
				Ginkgo
				Goldenseal
				Milk Thistle
				St. John’s Wort
				Saw Palmetto
		Miscellaneous Antidotes
			Activated Charcoal
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Calcium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Methylene Blue
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Acetylcysteine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Dimercaprol
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Pralidoxime Chloride
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Penicillamine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Sodium Thiosulfate
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Ethanol
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Fomepizole
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Antivenin Polyvalent (Crotalidae)/Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius)  Coral Snake
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Vitamin K1 (Phytonadione)
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Thiamine HCl
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
		Reversal Agents
			Atipamezole HCl
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Flumazenil
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Naloxone HCl
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
				Adverse Side Effects
			Neostigmine
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Tolazoline HCl
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Form
				Adverse Side Effects
			Yohimbine HCl
				Clinical Uses
				Dosage Forms
		Lubricants
			Dosage Forms
			Adverse Side Effects
	Review Questions
	References
19 Inventory:
	Outline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Introduction
	Inventory
		The Time Equation
		Turnover
			Calculating Turnover Rate
	Controlling Inventory
		Proactive Inventory Control System
		Keeping Accurate Records
		Inventory Records
			Reorder Quantity
			Rabies Vaccine
		Organizing Inventory
			Pharmacy and Inventory Control Manager Office
			Organizing Inventory in the  Veterinary Hospital
			Staff Memos
			Special Conditions
		Physical Inventory
			Monthly Inventory Versus  Rotating Inventory
		Purchasing Information
			Incoming Freight
			FOB Rules and Shipment Contracts
			Receiving Freight
			Stocking Shelves
			Vendors
			Communicating With Sales Representatives
			Drug Enforcement Administration Forms
			Special Orders
			Human Pharmacy
		Computers and Inventory
		The Job of Inventory Control Manager
	Review Questions
	References
Appendix  A Common Abbreviations Used  in Veterinary Medicine
Appendix  B Weights and Measures
Appendix  C Antidotes
Appendix  D Common Drugs: Approximate Dosages
Appendix  E Listing of Drugs According to Functional  and Therapeutic Classification
Appendix  F Controlled Substances Information Summary
	Schedules of  Controlled Substances
	Registration Requirements
	Security Requirements
	Record-Keeping Requirements
	Disposal of  Controlled Substances
	Valid Prescription Requirements
Bibliography
Glossary
Review Question Answers
	Answers to Chapter 1
	Answers to Chapter 2
	Answers to Chapter 3
		Ratios
		Proportions
		Problems Using the Metric System
		Problems Using the Apothecary and  Household Systems
		Problems Combining Both Systems
		Problems Measuring Oral Medications
		Problems Measuring Parenteral Medications
		Injection Problems
		Preparing Solutions
		Problems Calculating IV Drip Rates
	Answers to Chapter 4
	Answers to Chapter 5
	Answers to Chapter 6
	Answers to Chapter 7
	Answers to Chapter 8
	Answers to Chapter 9
	Answers to Chapter 10
	Answers to Chapter 11
	Answers to Chapter 12
	Answers to Chapter 13
	Answers to Chapter 14
	Answers to Chapter 15
	Answers to Chapter 16
	Answers to Chapter 17
	Answers to Chapter 18
	Answers to Chapter 19
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Y
	Z
Inside back cover