Applied Intelligence and Informatics: Second International Conference, AII 2022, Reggio Calabria, Italy, September 1–3, 2022, Proceedings

Preface
Organization
Contents
Emerging Applications of AI and Informatics
A Hybrid Speed and Radial Distance Feature Descriptor Using Optical Flow Approach in HAR
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Human Activity Recognition Framework
		3.2 Feature Descriptor
		3.3 Multi-class SVM
	4 Experimental Result
		4.1 Human Action Datasets
		4.2 Experiment Result and Comparison Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Innovative Soft Computing Techniques for the Evaluation of the Mechanical Stress State of Steel Plates
	1 Introduction
	2 The Analytical Model
	3 The Experimental Dataset
	4 The Proposed Soft Computing Approach
		4.1 Adaptive Fuzzification of the ECs Maps and Evaluation of Fuzziness
		4.2 Fuzzy ECs Maps and Fuzzy Similarities
		4.3 External Biaxial Loads and Class Constitutions
	5 Soft Computing Approach for Construction of the 2 D  ECs Representative of Each Class of Biaxial Loads
	6 Comparison of the Results: Standard Soft Computing Approaches
	7 Relevant Results and Discussion
	8 Conclusions and Perspectives
	References
An Indirect Approach to Forecast Produced Power on Photovoltaic Plants Under Uneven Shading Conditions
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Power Estimation from Irradiance Data on a PV Plant
		2.2 ANN Structure
		2.3 Case Study
	3 Results
		3.1 Effectiveness of Closed-Form Irradiance
		3.2 Forecast
	4 Conclusions
	References
An FPGA-Based Hardware Accelerator for the k-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm Implementation in Wearable Embedded Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 The k-NN Algorithm
	3 The FPGA-Based Hardware Accelerator
		3.1 Training Set Memory
		3.2 Euclidean Distance Engine
		3.3 Sorting Module and Voter
	4 Case Study
	5 The Complete Embedded System
	6 Implementation Results
	7 Conclusions and Future Works
	References
Designing Low-Power and High-Speed FPGA-Based Binary Decision Tree Hardware Accelerators
	1 Introduction
	2 Working Principle of a Binary Decision Tree
	3 Related Works
	4 The Proposed PE Hardware Design
	5 Implementation Results
	6 The Integration of the Super PE-Based HW Accelerator into an Embedded System
	7 Conclusions
	References
MEMS and AI for the Recognition of Human Activities on IoT Platforms
	1 Preface
	2 State of the Art
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Hardware
		3.2 CNN
		3.3 Localization
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Tackling the Linear Sum Assignment Problem with Graph Neural Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 LSAP Problem Formulation
	3 Graph Neural Networks
	4 Proposed Method
		4.1 Loss Function and Evaluation Metric
		4.2 Network Architecture
		4.3 Dataset
		4.4 Compared Approaches
	5 Experiments and Results
		5.1 Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
A Nonparametric Model for Forecasting Life Expectancy at Birth Using Gaussian Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Life Expectancy
		2.2 Gaussian Process
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Gaussian Process Regression
		3.2 Covariance Function
	4 Data Set
	5 Result Analysis
		5.1 Low-Income
		5.2 Lower-Middle-Income
		5.3 Upper-Middle-Income
		5.4 High-Income
		5.5 Validation
	6 Conclusion
	References
Optimized Layout: A Genetic Algorithm for Industrial and Business Application
	1 Introduction
		1.1 COVID-19 Global Impact
		1.2 Service Innovation in the Restaurant Sector During COVID-19: Digital Technologies
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Genetic Algorithm
		2.2 GA Application in Python: Allocation of Restaurant Tables for Surface Optimization
	3 Results
	4 Discussion and Further Development
	References
Application of AI and Informatics in Healthcare
Explainable Deep Learning for Alzheimer Disease Classification and Localisation
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 CNN and Grad-CAM
		2.2 Alzheimer Disease
	3 The Method
	4 Experimental Analysis
	5 Related Work
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
ML-Based Radiomics Analysis for Breast Cancer Classification in DCE-MRI
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Materials and Methods
		3.1 Data Preparation
		3.2 Radiomic Features Extraction
		3.3 Data Harmonization
		3.4 Radiomic Features Selection
		3.5 Model Training
	4 Results
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Decoding Motor Preparation Through a Deep Learning Approach Based on EEG Time-Frequency Maps
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Extraction and Preprocessing of Pre-motor EEG Segments
		2.2 EEGframeNNET
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Novel Fuzzy Semi-supervised Learning Approach for the Classification of Colorectal Cancer (FSSL-CRCC)
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Semi-supervised Learning
		3.2 Fuzziness
		3.3 Neural Network with Random Weight (NNRW)
		3.4 Fuzziness Based Divide-and-Conquer Strategy
		3.5 Proposed Algorithm:
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Data Pre-processing
		4.3 Experimental Results
		4.4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Machine Learning Models to Analyze the Effect of Drugs on Neonatal-ICU Length of Stay
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 MIMIC-III Data Collection
		3.2 Feature Extraction
		3.3 Machine Learning Models Development
	4 Result Analysis
		4.1 Evaluation Metrics
		4.2 Results for Machine Learning and LSTM Approaches
		4.3 Results for Automated Machine Learning (AutoML)
	5 Conclusion
	References
iConDet2: An Improved Conjunctivitis Detection Portable Healthcare App Powered by Artificial Intelligence
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Proposed Pipeline
		3.2 Image Pre-processing
		3.3 Machine Learning Model
		3.4 Evaluation Metrics
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Dataset Creation
		4.2 Experimentation
		4.3 Validation and Testing
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Ensemble Classifiers for a 4-Way Classification of Alzheimer\'s Disease
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Literature
	3 Proposed Methodology
		3.1 ML Based Ensemble Classifier
		3.2 Experimentation
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Individual Classifier Performance
		4.2 Ensemble Classifier Performance
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Identification of Crown and Rump in First-Trimester Ultrasound Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed Method
		3.1 U-Net Architecture
		3.2 Image Classification
		3.3 Identifying the Crown and Rump
	4 Results
		4.1 Segmentation Model Performance
		4.2 Comparison of Classification Models
		4.3 Classification Model Performance
		4.4 Comparison with the State-of-the-Art Methods
		4.5 Identifying the Crown and Rump
		4.6 Comparison of Segmented Versus Non-Segmented Data
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
A Pyramidal Approach for Emotion Recognition from EEG Signals
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Interpolation
		3.2 Newton Interpolation Forward Differences
		3.3 Pyramidal Structured Dimension Reduction
		3.4 GRNN for Classification
	4 Experiments and Results
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Results
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Evaluation of Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) Signals Features for Emotion Recognition
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Dataset
		2.3 Proposed Methodology
		2.4 Feature Extraction of GSR Signal
		2.5 Feature Selection
		2.6 Classification
		2.7 Performance Evaluation
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Feature Extraction
		3.2 Evaluation of Extracted Features (Feature Selection)
		3.3 Classification
		3.4 Discussion
	4 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
Application of AI and Informatics in Pattern Recognition
A Privacy-Preserving Federated-MobileNet for Facial Expression Detection from Images
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Dataset Preparation and Preprocessing
		3.2 Proposed Federated-MobileNet Framework
		3.3 Training and Testing
	4 Result Analysis and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Television Programs Classification via Deep Learning Approach Using SSMI-CNN
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Structural Similarity Index Measure
		3.2 CNN (Convolutional Neural Network)
		3.3 Architecture Proposed
		3.4 Post Processing
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Dataset Creation
		4.2 Performance Evaluation and Results Analysis
	5 Discussions
		5.1 Conclusion
	References
A Hybrid Deep Learning System to Detect Face-Mask and Monitor Social Distance
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 System Architecture
		3.2 Data Collection
		3.3 Data Pre-processing
		3.4 System Architecture
		3.5 System Implementation
	4 Result and Desicussion
		4.1 Training the Dataset Using MobileNet Model
		4.2 Social Monitoring System
		4.3 Face Mask Recognition in Real Time
		4.4 The Comparison of Performance for Face-Mask Detection
		4.5 The Comparison of Performance for Monitoring Social Distancing
	5 Conclusion
	References
Handwriting and Drawing for Depression Detection: A Preliminary Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Handwriting Analysis for the Detection of Depression and Anxiety
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Participants
		3.2 Tasks and Features
	4 Results
		4.1 Ductus
		4.2 Time
		4.3 Pressure
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Identifying Synthetic Voices’ Qualities for Conversational Agents
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Method
		2.1 Participants
	3 Results
		3.1 Data Analysis
	4 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Identifying Colluding Actors in Social Communities by Reputation Measures
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 The Proposed Reputation Model
	4 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Weakly Supervised Transfer Learning for Multi-label Appliance Classification
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works and Contributions
		2.1 Related Works
		2.2 Contribution
	3 Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Neural Network Architecture
		3.2 Transfer Learning Strategy
	4 Experimental Setting
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Experimental Setup
		4.3 Evaluation Metrics
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Toward an Interoperable Catalogue of Multimodal Depression-Related Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Related Works
		2.1 The ANDROIDS Project in Brief
		2.2 Related Works
	3 On the Data Collection Procedure
	4 The Catalogue Architecture
	5 Addressing Privacy and Openness
	6 Conclusion and Future Works
	References
Explainable Deep Learning Classification of Respiratory Sound for Telemedicine Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Pre-processing of Pulmonary Sounds
		2.2 Convolutional Neural Network
		2.3 Proposed CNN Architecture
		2.4 Classification Metrics
		2.5 Grad-CAM for Visual Explanations
	3 Results
	4 Discussions
	References
Nonexclusive Classification of Household Appliances by Fuzzy Deep Neural Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Methodology
	3 Data Setup
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Applied Enhanced Q-NAS for COVID-19 Detection in CT Images
	1 Introduction
	2 Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithms
		2.1 Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithms
	3 Enhanced Q-NAS
		3.1 Q-NAS
		3.2 Enhancements in Q-NAS
	4 Case Study: COVID-19 Detection in Computed Tomography Images
	5 Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Application of AI and Informatics in Network, Security, and Analytics
Beware the Sirens: Prototyping an Emergency Vehicle Detection System for Smart Cars
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
		2.1 Audio-Based Emergency Vehicle Detection
		2.2 Driver Monitoring
	3 Architecture of the Prototype
		3.1 HW Architecture
		3.2 SW Architecture
		3.3 Siren Detection
		3.4 Vision System to Monitor the Driver
	4 Challenges
	5 Conclusions
	References
Indoor Positioning and Navigation Using Bluetooth Low Energy and Cloud Service in Healthcare Perspective
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Model Proposal
		3.1 Context
		3.2 Indoor Positioning Paradigm
	4 Deployment
		4.1 Indoor Positioning and Navigation
		4.2 Registration
		4.3 Cloud Database
		4.4 Database Design
		4.5 System Design
	5 Algorithm Analysis
		5.1 Indoor Positioning
		5.2 Pseudo Code for Avoiding Crossover Signals
		5.3 Indoor Navigation
		5.4 Pseudo Code for Navigation
		5.5 Complete Pseudo Algorithm
	6 Performance Analysis
		6.1 Assessment
	7 Conclusion
	References
Science Parks Externalities on Financial Performance of Small Firms Through Business Intelligence Tools
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Framing of the Research
		1.2 Originality
	2 Artificial Intelligence vs Business Intelligence: Some Complementarities
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection and Research Method
		3.2 Questionnaire Validity and Reliability
	4 Main Results
	5 Managerial Implications
	6 Conclusion and Future Research Improvements
	References
A Novel Approach to Identifying DDoS Traffic in the Smart Home Network via Exploratory Data Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
		3.3 Proposed Novel Approach
	4 Data Collection
	5 Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
		5.1 Benign Flow
		5.2 Attack Flow
	6 Proposed Novel Detection Method
		6.1 Benefits of the Proposed Approach
	7 Conclusion
	References
A Novel Framework to Detect Anomalous Nodes to Secure Wireless Sensor Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Assumptions and Architecture of the Network
	4 Method
	5 Result
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Graph-Based Approach to Detect Anomalies Based on Shared Attribute Values
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methods
		3.1 Moving Average Approach
		3.2 Entropy-Based Approach
		3.3 Graph-Based Approach
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Experimental Setup
	5 Results
		5.1 Moving Average Approach
		5.2 Entropy-Based Approach
		5.3 Graph-Based Approach
	6 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Author Index