Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Business, Education and Healthcare

Foreword
Preface
Contents
Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain Technology, Entrepreneurship and Business Success
Artificial Intelligence as One of the Development Strategies for Business Organizations “Toyota Model”
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 The First Section: The Conceptual Framework of Business Organizations
		3.1 The Concept of Business Organizations
		3.2 The Importance of Business Organizations
		3.3 General Features of Business Organizations
		3.4 Environment and Business Organizations
	4 The Second Section: Artificial Intelligence
		4.1 The Concept of Artificial Intelligence
		4.2 AI Technology Goals
		4.3 Artificial Intelligence and Automation
	5 The Third Section: Artificial Intelligence in the Japanese “Toyota Model”
		5.1 Toyota Philosophy
		5.2 Toyota's Production System
		5.3 Toyota’s Artificial Intelligence
		5.4 Toyota’s AI Safety Technology
	6 Conclusion
	References
Blockchain Technology Implications on Supply Chain Management: A Review of the Literature
	1 Introduction
	2 Blockchain Technology
		2.1 Blockchain Bases of Operation
	3 Blockchain for Supply Chain Management
	4 Research Areas for Blockchain Technology in SCM
		4.1 System Architecture and Modeling
		4.2 Theoretical Studies
		4.3 Blockchain and Decision-Making Framework
		4.4 Blockchain Success Development Cases
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Role of Digital Business in Achieving Generation Z Human Capital Sustainability
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Research Problem
		1.2 Research Hypothesis
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Digitalization of Business Environment
		2.2 Human Capital Sustainability
		2.3 Role of Digital Business in Sustaining Generation Z Human Capital
		2.4 Generation Z
		2.5 Gen Z Workplace Sustainability
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection Tools
		3.2 Population and Sampling
		3.3 Reliability Analysis
	4 Data Analysis and Findings
		4.1 Descriptive Statistics and Normality Test
		4.2 Correlation Analysis
		4.3 Regression Analysis
		4.4 Discussion of Findings
	5 Recommendations
	References
How Will Artificial Intelligence Reshape the Future of Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth?
	1 Introduction
	2 The Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth
	3 AI, Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth
	4 Discussion and Future Research
	5 Conclusion
	References
Fourth Industrial Revolution, Artificial Intelligence, Intellectual Capital, and COVID-19 Pandemic
	1 Introduction
	2 Purpose of the Study
	3 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
	4 Literature Reviews
		4.1 Intellectual Capital and It is Components
		4.2 Measurement Models of Intellectual Capital
		4.3 Problems Measuring of Intellectual Capital
	5 Fourth Industrial Revolution and Intellectual Capital
	6 Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Capital
	7 Artificial Intelligence and COVID˗19 Pandemic
	8 Conclusion
	References
Artificial Intelligence and Women Empowerment in Bahrain
	1 Introduction
	2 The Concept of Artificial Intelligence
		2.1 Overview About AI
		2.2 Artificial Intelligence in Bahrain
		2.3 Outline the Women Empowerment in Bahrain
		2.4 Bahraini Women in Banking and Finance Sector
		2.5 Bahraini Women and FinTech as an Example of AI
	3 The Skill Basket Required During the Fourth Industrial Revolution
	4 Limitations of Adopting AI
		4.1 Issues Related to Women Empowerment in Artificial Intelligence in Bahrain
	5 Conclusion and Future Recommendations
		5.1 Conclusion
		5.2 Future Recommendation
	References
FinTech, RegTech, Financial Systems and Artificial Intelligence
Adoption of FinTech Services in the Banking Industry
	1 Background of the Chapter
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Concept of FinTech
		2.2 FinTech Services
		2.3 Diffusion and Adoption and of FinTech Services
	3 Framework Overview Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
RegTech and Electronic Signature: Opportunities and Challenges in the Palestinian Banking Sector
	1 Introduction
	2 Definition of Electronic Signature
	3 Forms of the Electronic Signature
		3.1 Digital Signature
		3.2 Biometric Signature
		3.3 The Numbered Manual Signature
		3.4 Signing with the Electronic Number
		3.5 Signing with a Magnetic Card
		3.6 The Dynamic Electronic Signature in the Direct Bank
	4 Functions of the Electronic Signature
	5 The Importance of the Electronic Signature
	6 Regulating the Electronic Signature in the Palestinian Legislation
	7 The Reality of the Uses of the Electronic Signature in Palestine
		7.1 Electronic Signature and the Palestinian Banks
		7.2 Electronic Signature and Non-banking Palestinian Financial Sectors
	8 Legal and Illegal Obstacles to Adopting Electronic Signature in Palestine
	9 Authentic Electronic Signature in E-Commerce Laws
		9.1 The European Union Directive Issued on December 13, 1999, Related to Electronic Signature
		9.2 The Position of French Law
		9.3 The Position of the American Law
	10 Conclusion
	11 Recommendations
	References
After the Collision of Crisis and Opportunity to Redefining the Artificial Intelligence in Finance: The New Intelligent Finance Era
	1 Introduction
	2 Intelligent Finance
	3 New Intelligent Finance Application Scenarios
	4 China’s Practice Evolution and Development under Covid-19 Pandemic of New Intelligent Finance Application
		4.1 Policies Provide New Opportunities for Intelligent Finance
		4.2 The Outlook of Intelligent Finance
	5 Technology Provider Case Application—IBM Watson
	6 Conclusion
	References
Fintech in Oman: Present and Future Scenario
	1 Introduction
	2 Banking and Finance Industry in Oman
	3 Segments of Fintech in Oman
	4 Fintech Companies and Investments Over the Last 5 Years
	5 Areas of Application of New Technologies
	6 Regulators and Other Players
	7 Future Prospects
		7.1 Discussion and Evaluation
	8 Conclusion and Recommendation
	9 Areas of Future Research
	References
Financial Crisis, Financial System and the Impact of Artificial Intelligence: An Attempt Towards Discussion
	1 Introduction
	2 Financial System Structure
	3 Criticizing the Current Financial System
	4 Function of the Financial System
	5 The Problem of Money
	6 Criticizing the Central Bank
	7 Artificial Intelligence and the Financial System
		7.1 Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Central Banks
		7.2 Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Conventional Banks
		7.3 Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Financial Markets
		7.4 Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Exchange Rates
	8 Conclusions
	References
Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, Education and Public Sector
Artificial Intelligence for Strengthening Administrative and Support Services in Public Sector Amid COVID-19: Challenges and Opportunities in Pakistan
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review and Proposed Hypotheses
		2.1 Services Governance
		2.2 Facilitative Administration
		2.3 Information Governance
		2.4 Communication
		2.5 Socializing
		2.6 Decision Making
	3 Methodology and AI-Centric Approach
		3.1 Instrument/Scale Development
		3.2 Respondent Profile and Relevancy
		3.3 Sample and Data Collection Process
		3.4 Measuring and Analysis of Data
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Future Implications
	Annexure
	References
Higher Education Institutions with Artificial Intelligence: Roles, Promises, and Requirements
	1 Introduction
	2 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact
	3 Potentials and Benefits of AI in HEIs
	4 Requirements of HEIs to Meet AI Revolution
	5 Conclusion and Future Recommendations
	References
The Impact of the Online Patient Appointment System on the Quality of Health and Medical Services
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Quality of Health Services in Bahrain
	3 Research Design and Methodology
		3.1 Study Sample
	4 Data Analysis and Testing of Hypotheses
		4.1 Sample Description by Demographic Variables
		4.2 Hypotheses Testing
	5 Discussion of Findings
	6 Conclusion and Recommendations
		6.1 Conclusion
		6.2 Recommendations
	References
Embedding Artificial Intelligence into Education: The New Normal
	1 Introduction
	2 Background of Study
		2.1 History of AI
		2.2 Objectives of the Study
		2.3 Rationale for Edtech
	3 Shifting Characteristics in Education and Embedding AI
		3.1 Learning Outcomes
		3.2 Classroom Practices
		3.3 Ecosystem
	4 Edtech Tools
	5 Advancement of Artificial Intelligence in Education
		5.1 Barriers to Implementation of AI in Education and Practices to Overcome Them
		5.2 Privacy Issues in Edtech Platforms
	6 Trends in Edtech
	7 Practical Implications
	8 Conclusion
	References
The Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector: Opportunities and Challenges
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Artificial Intelligence in the Government Sector
		2.2 Artificial Intelligence and Employment
		2.3 Artificial Intelligence’s in the Future of Human Development
	3 Methodology
	4 Discussions
		4.1 Discussion of Artificial Intelligence Opportunities in Developmental Phases
		4.2 Discussion of Artificial Intelligence Development Challenges in Developmental Phases
	5 Artificial Intelligence Practice in the Kingdom of Bahrain During the Covid-19 Pandemic
	6 Conclusion, Recommendation and Further Studies
	References
A State-of-the-Art Review of Deep Reinforcement Learning Techniques for Real-Time Strategy Games
	1 Introduction
	2 Reinforcement Learning Background
		2.1 Reinforcement-Learning Elements
		2.2 Problem Setup
		2.3 Types of Reinforcement Learning Agents
	3 Deep Reinforcement Learning
	4 Deep Reinforcement Learning: Model-Free Solution Techniques
		4.1 Monte Carlo Methods
		4.2 Temporal Difference Learning
		4.3 Actor-critic Learning
	5 StarCraft
	6 Deep Reinforcement Learning Research in Real-Time Strategy Games
	7 Conclusion
	References
Impact of Innovative Technologies in Healthcare Organization Productivity with ERP
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Radio Frequency Identification
		2.2 Tele Medicine
		2.3 The Mobility
		2.4 Innovative Technologies
		2.5 Artificial Intelligence
		2.6 Empowerment Using ERP System
	3 Conclusion
	References
Professional Practices and Social Implications of Artificial Intelligence
Investigation of Collaborative, Social Media SaaS Cloud-Based Services’ Acceptance Model on the Millennials
	1 Background of the Chapter
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 SaaS Cloud-Based Collaborative and Social Media Services
		2.2 Behavior Intention (BI) Relationship
		2.3 Subjective Norms (SN) Relationships
		2.4 Perceived Behavior Control (PBC) Relationships
		2.5 Attitude (ATT) Relationship
		2.6 Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) Relationships
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Respondents’ Profile
		4.2 Measurement Model Assessment
		4.3 Structural Model Evaluation and Hypotheses Testing
		4.4 Evaluation of the Mediating Effect of BI
	5 Practical and Theoretical Implication
	6 Conclusion
	References
The Usage of Artificial Intelligence in Digital Marketing: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Part 1: Artificial Intelligence in Digital Marketing (Basic Concepts)
		2.1 What is Digital Marketing?
		2.2 Types of Digital Marketing
		2.3 Defining the Target Group
		2.4 Characteristics of Digital Marketing
		2.5 Types of Digital Marketing
		2.6 What is Artificial Intelligence?
		2.7 Stages of Development
	3 Part 2: The Correlation Between Artificial Intelligence in Digital Marketing
		3.1 The Development of Artificial Intelligence in Digital Marketing
		3.2 The Advantages of Artificial Intelligence in Digital Marketing
		3.3 Marketing Operations that Include Artificial Intelligence
		3.4 How Can Artificial Intelligence Be Used in Digital Marketing?
		3.5 The Usage of Artificial Intelligence in Digital Marketing
		3.6 Digital Marketing Trends and Artificial Intelligence
		3.7 How Does AI Improve Marketing Campaigns?
		3.8 The Main Parts of Artificial Intelligence Marketing
		3.9 The Challenges of Using Artificial Intelligence in Digital Marketing in the Future
		3.10 The Upcoming Trends in the Future
		3.11 Artificial Intelligence Applications for Software Development
	4 Conclusion and Limitations
		4.1 Conclusion
		4.2 Limitations
	References
Cyber Security Using Machine Learning: Techniques and Business Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Cyber Security: Issues and Forms of Cyber Attacks
	3 Machine Learning: Classification, Techniques and Approaches
		3.1 Shallow Learning (SL)
		3.2 Deep Learning
	4 Application of Machine Learning in Cybersecurity
	5 How Organizations Security Can Benefit?
		5.1 Advantages
		5.2 Consequences
	6 Implementation Challenges of Machine Learning for Cyber Security
	7 Future of Machine Learning in Cyber Security
	8 Conclusion
	References
The Moderating Role of E-Readiness in Crisis Management and Strategic Flexibility: A Review
	1 Research Overview and Background
	2 Introduction
	3 Literature Review
		3.1 Strategic Flexibility
		3.2 Crisis Management
		3.3 E-Readiness of Government Authorities
		3.4 Strategic Flexibility and Crisis Management Among Government Authorities
		3.5 Impact of Strategic Flexibility on Crisis Management in Government Authorities
		3.6 Role of Electronic Readiness in Helping Government Authorities for Crisis Management Using Strategic Flexibility
		3.7 Research Gap
	4 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Pricing in Digital Markets on Customer Retention
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Problem Statement
		1.2 Significance of This Research
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Different Pricing Strategies and Theoretical Foundations
		2.2 Pricing Theories
		2.3 Theoretical Framework
		2.4 Conceptual Model
		2.5 Scope of the Study
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Research Design
		3.2 Hypothesis
		3.3 Study Population and Sample
		3.4 Measurement of Study Variables
	4 Data Analysis
		4.1 General Information
		4.2 Data Analysis
		4.3 Discussion of Hypothesis
	5 Conclusion
		5.1 Implications of the Study
		5.2 Limitations of the Study
		5.3 Suggestions for Future Research
	References
The Contribution of Information and Communications Technology in the Sustainable Development Goals
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Problem Statement
		1.2 Significance of the Study
		1.3 Research Hypothesis
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
		2.2 Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
		2.3 The Contribution of ICT in the SDGs
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Sample and Procedure
		3.2 Reliability Analysis
	4 Data Analysis and Findings
		4.1 Descriptive Statistics and Normality Test
		4.2 Correlation Analysis
		4.3 Regression Analysis
		4.4 Testing Hypothesis
		4.5 Discussion of Findings
	5 Recommendations
	References
Quality of Institutions, ICT Diffusion and Financial Development: An Empirical Evidence from Developing Countries
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Quality of Institutions and Financial Development
		2.2 Internet Use and the Quality of Institutions
	3 Data and Econometric Methodology
		3.1 Data
		3.2 Econometric Methodology
	4 Empirical Analysis
		4.1 Impact of Institutional Quality of Financial Development
		4.2 Effect of MENA Region
		4.3 Effect of Corruption and ICT
	5 Conclusion
	Appendix
	References
Experimental Perspective of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Human Resources Management
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Problem Statement
		1.2 Importance of the Study
		1.3 Objectives of the Study
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Hypotheses
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Sampling
		3.2 Reliability and Validity
		3.3 Coding Procedures
	4 Findings
	5 Discussion and Implications
	6 Conclusion
	References