Apple Human Interface Guidelines. User Experience

Apple Human Interface Guidelines
	Contents
	Figures and Tables
	Introduction
	Part I: Application Design Fundamentals
		The Design Process
			Involving Users in the Design Process
				Know Your Audience
				Analyze User Tasks
				Build Prototypes
				Observe Users
				Guidelines for Conducting User Observations
			Making Design Decisions
				Avoid Feature Cascade
				Apply the 80 Percent Solution
		Characteristics of Great Software
			High Performance
			Ease of Use
			Attractive Appearance
			Reliability
			Adaptability
			Interoperability
			Mobility
		Human Interface Design
			Human Interface Design Principles
				Metaphors
				Reflect the User’s Mental Model
				Explicit and Implied Actions
				Direct Manipulation
				User Control
				Feedback and Communication
				Consistency
				WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get)
				Forgiveness
				Perceived Stability
				Aesthetic Integrity
				Modelessness
				Managing Complexity in Your Software
			Keep Your Users in Mind
				Worldwide Compatibility
					Cultural Values
					Language Differences
					Text Display and Text Editing
					Resources
				Universal Accessibility
					Visual Disabilities
					Hearing Disabilities
					Physical Disabilities
			Extending the Interface
				Build on the Existing Interface
				Don’t Assign New Behaviors to Existing Objects
				Create a New Interface Element Cautiously
		Prioritizing Design Decisions
			Meet Minimum Requirements
			Deliver the Features Users Expect
			Differentiate Your Application
	Part II: The Macintosh Experience
		The Mac OS X Environment
			The Always-On Environment
			Disk Size and Usage Information
			Displays
			The Dock
				Conveying Information in the Dock
				Clicking in the Dock
			The Finder
			File Formats and Filename Extensions
			Internationalization
			Multiple User Issues
			Resource Management
			Threads
		Using Mac OS X Technologies
			Address Book
			Animation
			Automator
			Bonjour
			Colors
			Dashboard
				High-Level Design Guidelines for Widgets
				User-Interface Design Guidelines for Widgets
			Fonts
			Preferences
			Printing
			Security
			Services
			Speech
			Spotlight
			User Assistance
				Apple Help
				Help Tags
		Software Installation and Software Updates
			Packaging
				Identify System Requirements
				Bundle Your Software
			Installation
				Use Internet-Enabled Disk Images
				Drag-and-Drop Installation
				Installation Packages
				General Installer Guidelines
			Setup Assistants
			Updating Installed Applications
	Part III: The Aqua Interface
		User Input
			The Mouse and Other Pointing Devices
				Clicking
				Double-Clicking
				Pressing and Holding
				Dragging
			The Trackpad
			The Keyboard
				The Functions of Specific Keys
					Character Keys
					Modifier Keys
					Arrow Keys
					Function Keys
				Keyboard Shortcuts
					Reserved Keyboard Shortcuts
					Creating Your Own Keyboard Shortcuts
					User-Defined Keyboard Shortcuts
				Keyboard Focus and Navigation
				Type-Ahead and Key-Repeat
			Selecting
				Selection Methods
					Selection by Clicking
					Selection by Dragging
					Changing a Selection
				Selections in Text
					Selecting With the Mouse
					What Constitutes a Word
					Selecting Text With the Arrow Keys
				Selections in Spreadsheets
				Selections in Graphics
			Editing Text
				Inserting Text
				Deleting Text
				Replacing a Selection
				Intelligent Cut and Paste
				Editing Text Fields
				Entering Passwords
		Drag and Drop
			Drag-and-Drop Overview
			Drag-and-Drop Semantics
				Move Versus Copy
				When to Check the Option Key State
			Selection Feedback
				Single-Gesture Selection and Dragging
				Background Selections
			Drag Feedback
			Destination Feedback
				Windows
				Text
				Lists
				Multiple Dragged Items
				Automatic Scrolling
				Using the Trash as a Destination
			Drop Feedback
				Finder Icons
				Graphics
				Text
				Transferring a Selection
				Feedback for an Invalid Drop
			Clippings
		Text
			Fonts
			Style
				Inserting Spaces Between Sentences
				Using the Ellipsis Character
				Using the Colon Character
				Labels for Interface Elements
				Capitalization of Interface Element Labels and Text
				Using Contractions in the Interface
				Using Abbreviations and Acronyms in the Interface
				Developer Terms and User Terms
		Icons
			Icon Genres and Families
			Application Icons
				User Application Icons
				Viewer, Player, and Accessory Icons
				Utility Icons
			Document Icons
			Toolbar Icons
			Icons for Plug-ins, Hardware, and Removable Media
			Icon Perspectives and Materials
			Creating Icons
				Tips for Designing Icons
				A Suggested Process for Creating Icons
				Creating Icons for Mac OS X v10.5 and Later
				Scaling Your Artwork
			Designing Toolbar Icons
				Designing Icons for Icon Buttons
				Designing Icons for Capsule-Style Toolbar Controls
				Designing Icons for Rectangular-Style Toolbar Controls
			System-Provided Images
				System-Provided Images for Use in Controls
				System-Provided Images for Use as Standalone Buttons
				System-Provided Images for Use as Toolbar Items
				System-Provided Images that Indicate Privileges
				A System-Provided Drag Image
		Pointers
			Standard Pointers
			Designing Your Own Pointers
		Menus
			Menu Behavior
			Designing the Elements of Menus
				Titling Menus
				Naming Menu Items
				Using Icons in Menus
				Using Symbols in Menus
				Toggled Menu Items
				Grouping Items in Menus
				Hierarchical Menus (Submenus)
			The Menu Bar and Its Menus
				The Apple Menu
				The Application Menu
					The Application Menu Title
					The Application Menu Contents
				The File Menu
				The Edit Menu
				The Format Menu
				The View Menu
				Application-Specific Menus
				The Window Menu
				The Help Menu
				Menu Bar Extras
			Contextual Menus
			Dock Menus
		Windows
			Types of Windows
			Window Appearance
			Window Elements
				The Title Bar
					The Window Title
					Title Bar Buttons
					Indicating Changes with the Close Button
					The Proxy Icon
				Toolbars
					Toolbar Appearance and Behavior
					Designing a Toolbar
				Scope Bars
					Scope Bar Appearance and Behavior
					Designing a Scope Bar
				Source Lists
					Source List Behavior and Appearance
					Designing a Source List
				Bottom Bars
					Bottom Bar Appearance and Behavior
					Designing a Bottom Bar
				Drawers
					When to Use Drawers
					Drawer Behavior
			Window Behavior
				Opening Windows
				Naming New Windows
				Positioning Windows
				Moving Windows
				Resizing and Zooming Windows
				Minimizing and Expanding Windows
				Closing Windows
				Window Layering
					Main, Key, and Inactive Windows
					Click-Through
				Scrolling Windows
					Automatic Scrolling
			Panels
				Inspector Windows
				Transparent Panels
					When to Use Transparent Panels
					Designing a Transparent Panel
				Fonts Window and Colors Window
				About Windows
			Dialogs
				Types of Dialogs and When to Use Them
					Sheets (Document-Modal Dialogs)
					Alerts
				Dialog Appearance and Behavior
					Accepting Changes
					Dismissing Dialogs
					Providing an Apply Button in a Dialog
					Expanding Dialogs
				Find Windows
				Preferences Windows
				The Open Dialog
				Dialogs for Saving, Closing, and Quitting
					Save Dialogs
					Closing a Document With Unsaved Changes
					Attempting to Save a Locked or Read-Only Document
					Saving Documents During a Quit Operation
				The Choose Dialog
				The Print Dialog
					Print Dialog
					Page Setup Dialog
		Controls
			Window-Frame Controls
				Determining the State of a Window-Frame Control from its Appearance
				Rectangular-Style Toolbar Controls
					Rectangular-Style Toolbar Control Usage
					Rectangular-Style Toolbar Control Contents and Labeling
					Rectangular-Style Toolbar Control Specifications
					Rectangular-Style Toolbar Control Implementation
				Capsule-Style Toolbar Controls
					Capsule-Style Toolbar Control Usage
					Capsule-Style Toolbar Control Contents and Labeling
					Capsule-Style Toolbar Control Specifications
					Capsule-Style Toolbar Control Implementation
				Legacy Toolbar Controls
			Buttons
				Push Buttons
					Push Button Usage
					Push Button Contents and Labeling
					Push Button Specifications
					Push Button Implementation
				Icon Buttons
					Icon Button Usage
					Icon Button Contents and Labeling
					Icon Button Specifications
					Icon Button Implementation
				Scope Buttons
					Scope Button Usage
					Scope Button Contents and Labeling
					Scope Button Specifications
					Scope Button Implementation
				Gradient Buttons
					Gradient Button Usage
					Gradient Button Contents and Labeling
					Gradient Button Specifications
					Gradient Button Implementation
				The Help Button
				Bevel Buttons
					Bevel Button Usage
					Bevel Button Contents and Labeling
					Bevel Button Specifications
					Bevel Button Implementation
				Round Buttons
					Round Button Usage
					Round Button Contents and Labeling
					Round Button Specifications
					Round Button Implementation
			Selection Controls
				Radio Buttons
					Radio Button Usage
					Radio Button Contents and Labeling
					Radio Button Specifications
					Radio Button Implementation
				Checkboxes
					Checkbox Usage
					Checkbox Contents and Labeling
					Checkbox Specifications
					Checkbox Implementation
				Segmented Controls
					Segmented Control Usage
					Segmented Control Contents and Labeling
					Segmented Control Specifications
					Segmented Control Implementation
				Icon Buttons and Bevel Buttons with Pop-Up Menus
				Pop-Up Menus
					Pop-Up Menu Usage
					Pop-Up Menu Contents and Labeling
					Pop-Up Menu Specifications
					Pop-Up Menu Implementation
				Action Menus
					Action Menu Usage
					Action Menu Contents and Labeling
					Action Menu Specifications
					Action Menu Implementation
				Combination Boxes
					Combo Box Usage
					Combo Box Contents and Labeling
					Combo Box Specifications
					Combo Box Implementation
				Path Controls
					Path Control Usage
					Path Control Contents and Labeling
					Path Control Specifications
					Path Control Implementation
				Color Wells
				Image Wells
				Date Pickers
					Date Picker Usage
					Date Picker Implementation
				Command Pop-Down Menus
					Command Pop-Down Menu Usage
					Command Pop-Down Menu Contents and Labeling
					Command Pop-Down Menu Specifications
					Command Pop-Down Implementation
				Sliders
					Slider Usage
					Slider Contents and Labeling
					Slider Control Specifications
					Slider Control Implementation
				The Stepper Control (Little Arrows)
					Stepper Control Specifications
				Placards
			Indicators
				Progress Indicators
					Determinate Progress Bars
					Indeterminate Progress Bars
					Asynchronous Progress Indicators
				Level Indicators
					Capacity Indicators
					Rating Indicators
					Relevance Indicators
			Text Controls
				Static Text Fields
				Text Input Fields
					Text Input Field Usage
					Text Input Field Contents and Labeling
					Text Input Field Specifications
					Text Input Field Implementation
				Token Fields
					Token Field Usage
					Token Field Specifications
					Token Field Implementation
				Search Fields
					Search Field Usage
					Search Field Contents and Labeling
					Search Field Specifications
					Search Field Implementation
				Scrolling Lists
					Scrolling List Usage
					Scrolling List Contents and Labeling
					Scrolling List Specifications
					Scrolling List Implementation
			View Controls
				Disclosure Triangles
					Disclosure Triangle Usage
					Disclosure Triangle Contents and Labeling
					Disclosure Triangle Specifications
					Disclosure Triangle Implementation
				Disclosure Buttons
					Disclosure Button Usage
					Disclosure Button Contents and Labeling
					Disclosure Button Specifications
					Disclosure Button Implementation
				List Views
					List View Usage
					List View Contents and Labeling
					List View Implementation
				Column Views
					Column View Usage
					Column View Contents and Labeling
					Column View Implementation
				Split Views
					Split View Usage
					Split View Specifications
					Split View Implementation
				Tab Views
					Tab View Usage
					Tab View Contents and Labeling
					Tab View Specifications
					Tab View Implementation
			Grouping Controls
				Separators
					Separator Usage
					Separator Labeling
					Separator Specifications
					Separator Implementation
				Group Boxes
					Group Box Usage
					Group Box Contents and Labeling
					Group Box Specifications
					Group Box Implementation
		Layout Guidelines
			Positioning Regular-Size Controls in a Window Body
				A Simple Preferences Window
				A Tabbed Window
				A Standard Alert
				A Dialog with a List View
			Positioning Small and Mini Controls in a Window Body
				Layout Example for Small Controls
				Layout Example for Mini Controls
			Grouping Controls in a Window Body
				Grouping with White Space
				Grouping with Separators
				Grouping with Group Boxes
			Positioning Text and Controls in a Bottom Bar
	Appendix A: Keyboard Shortcuts Quick Reference
	Glossary
	Revision History
	Index
		A
		B
		C
		D
		E
		F
		G
		H
		I
		J
		K
		L
		M
		N
		O
		P
		Q
		R
		S
		T
		U
		V
		W
		Z