AP European history 2019

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Introduction: The Five-Step Program
STEP 1 Set Up Your Study Program
	1 What You Need to Know About the AP European History Exam
		Background Information
		Frequently Asked Questions About the AP European History Exam
	2 How to Plan Your Time
		Three Approaches to Preparing for AP Exams
		Detailed Calendar for Each Plan
		Setting Up a Study Group
STEP 2 Understand the Skills That Will Be Tested
	3 The Ways Historians Think
		Introduction
		Reasoning Chronologically
		Putting Information in Context
		Arguing from Evidence
		Developing Your Historical Thinking Skills
		Rapid Review
STEP 3 Develop Strategies for Success
	4 The Multiple-Choice Questions
		Introduction
		Passive Knowledge and the Process of Elimination
		Putting Your Historical Thinking Skills to Use
		About Guessing
		Further Practice with Multiple-Choice Questions
	5 The Short-Answer Questions
		Introduction
		Putting Your Knowledge and Historical Thinking Skills to Use
		Further Practice with Short-Answer Questions
	6 The Document-Based Question
		Introduction
		The High-Quality History Essay
		Five Steps for Creating an Outline for Your Essay
		Characteristics of the DBQ
		Applying the Principles of the High-Quality History Essay to the DBQ
		Scoring the DBQ
		Further Practice for the DBQ
	7 The Long-Essay Question
		Introduction
		Choosing Your Topic
		Applying the Five Steps to a High-Quality History Essay
		Scoring of the Essays
		Further Practice for the Long-Essay Question
STEP 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High
	8 From the Middle Ages to the Renaissance
	9 Major Themes of Modern European History
		Introduction
		Interaction of Europe and the World
		Changes in Wealth and Who Had It
		Changes in Knowledge Systems and World View
		Changes in Society and Its Institutions
		The Individual and Society
		National and European Identity
		The Organization of the AP Course into Units
	10 The Challenge of the Renaissance
		Introduction
		Italian Society of the Renaissance
		Renaissance Values
		Artistic Achievement of the Renaissance
		The Renaissance and Scientific Advancements
		The Spread of the Renaissance
		Review Questions
		Rapid Review
	11 The Reformation and the Fracturing of Christianity
		Introduction
		The Need for a Religious Reformation
		The Lutheran Revolt
		Creation and Spread of the Protestant Movement
		The English Reformation
		Calvin and Calvinism
		Social Dimensions and the Radical Reformation
		The Catholic Response
		Review Questions
		Rapid Review
	12 The Great Voyages of Exploration and Early Colonization
		Introduction
		Exploration and Expansion
		The Spanish Empire in the New World
		England, France, and the Triangular Trade Networks
		Review Questions
		Rapid Review
	13 Economic Change and Political Consolidation
		Introduction
		Economic Stress and Change
		Thirty Years’ War
		Britain: The Rise of Parliament
		France: The Construction of a State
		Central and Eastern Europe: Compromise
		Review Questions
		Rapid Review
	14 Economic Change and the Expansion of the State
		Introduction
		Great Britain: The Triumph of Constitutionalism
		France: The Triumph of Absolutism
		Russia: Tsarist Absolutism
		Breaking the Traditional Cycle of Population and Productivity
		Market-Oriented Agriculture
		Rural Manufacturing
		Technical Innovations in Agriculture and Manufacturing
		Eastern Ambition
		War and Diplomacy
		Review Questions
		Rapid Review
	15 The Rise of Natural Philosophy, Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment
		Introduction
		The Traditional View of the Cosmos
		Alternative Traditions of Knowledge Before the Scientific Revolution
		Development of New Institutions
		The Rise of Copernicanism
		Kepler’s Laws
		Galileo and the Value of Empirical Knowledge
		Advances in Anatomy, Physiology, and Medicine
		Contributions of Women During the Scientific Revolution
		Cartesian Skepticism and Deductive Reasoning
		The Enlightenment
		The Triumph of Newtonian Science
		New Ideas About Natural Law, Human Nature, and Society
		New Political Ideas
		The Philosophes and Enlightened Despotism
		Salons and Lodges
		Skepticism, Religion, and Social Criticism
		The Arts in the Enlightenment
		The Radical Enlightenment
		The Other Enlightenment
		Review Questions
		Rapid Review
	16 The French Revolution and Empire
		Introduction
		The Ancien Régime in Crisis
		The Moderate Phase of the French Revolution (1789–1791)
		The Radical Phase of the French Revolution (1791–1794)
		The Final Phase of the French Revolution: Thermidor and the Rise of Napoleon (1794–1799)
		Post-Revolutionary France and the Napoleonic Code
		Napoleon’s Empire
		The Decline and Fall of Napoleon and His Empire
		Restoration
		Review Questions
		Rapid Review
	17 The Industrial Revolution
		Introduction
		The Factory System and the Division of Labor
		Iron and Steel
		New Sources of Power
		The Railway Boom
		The Reciprocal Nature of Heavy Industry
		The Spread of Industrialization
		Social Effects of Industrialization
		Science in an Industrial Age
		Review Questions
		Rapid Review
	18 Cultural Responses to Revolution and Industrialization
		Introduction
		Political Ideologies in the Nineteenth Century
		Cultural Ideologies in the Nineteenth Century
		Review Questions
		Rapid Review
	19 Mass Politics and Nationalism
		Introduction
		Nationalism and State-Building
		The Triumph of Conservative Nationalism
		The Unification of Italy
		The Unification of Germany
		Mass Politics and Nationalism in the Hapsburg Empire
		Mass Politics and Nationalism in France
		Mass Politics and Nationalism in Russia
		Mass Politics and Nationalism in Great Britain
		Review Questions
		Rapid Review
	20 Mass Politics and Imperialism
		Introduction
		Causes of the New Imperialism
		The Scramble for Africa
		Dominance in Asia
		Review Questions
		Rapid Review
	21 Politics of the Extreme and World War I
		Introduction
		Labor Unions Begin in Britain, Then Spread to Other Countries
		Socialist Parties in Britain, France, and Germany
		Women’s Suffrage Movements and Feminism
		Anarchist Activity
		Ultranationalism and Anti-Semitism
		Zionism
		The Causes of World War I
		The Beginning of the War: 1914–1915
		Total War
		1916: “The Year of Bloodletting”
		Russian Revolution and Withdrawal
		Germany’s Disintegration and the Peace Settlement
		Review Questions
		Rapid Review
	22 The Interwar Years and World War II
		Introduction
		Problems and Challenges After World War I
		The Weimar Republic in Germany
		The Soviet Union in Economic Ruins
		The Great Depression
		The Rise of Fascism
		World War II
		Assessment and Aftermath of World War II
		Review Questions
		Rapid Review
	23 The Cold War, Integration, and Globalization
		Introduction
		The Development of Nuclear Weapons
		The Settlement Following World War II
		The Cold War
		The European Union
		The Disintegration of the Iron Curtain and the Soviet Union
		Nationalism and Globalization
		Social Changes in Postwar Europe
		Review Questions
		Rapid Review
STEP 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence
	Answer Sheet for the AP European History Practice Test 1
		Section I, Part A: Multiple-Choice Questions
		Section I, Part B: Short-Answer Questions
		Section II, Part A: Document-Based Question
		Section II, Part B: Long-Essay Question
		Answers and Explanations for AP European History Practice Test 1
	Answer Sheet for the AP European History Practice Test 2
		Section I, Part A: Multiple-Choice Questions
		Section I, Part B: Short-Answer Questions
		Section II, Part A: Document-Based Question
		Section II, Part B: Long-Essay Question
		Answers and Explanations for AP European History Practice Test 2
	Resource Guide
		Using Literary Works in European History
		General Websites
		General Background
		Resources by Historical Period