Antitrust Law amidst Financial Crises

Cover......Page 1
Frontmatter......Page 2
Contents......Page 8
Foreword by Philip Lowe......Page 11
Foreword by Frederic Jenny......Page 13
Preface......Page 15
Table of cases......Page 17
Table of treaties and other international instruments......Page 31
Introduction......Page 38
1.1 Introduction......Page 51
1.2 European Union......Page 55
1.3 The United States of America......Page 83
1.4 United Kingdom......Page 98
1.5 Concluding remarks......Page 107
2.1 Introduction......Page 109
2.2 What is a crisis?......Page 110
2.3 What are the different types of crisis?......Page 111
2.5 Some financial and economic crises of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries......Page 118
2.6 Business opportunities in a crisis period......Page 129
2.7 Overregulation after the crisis?......Page 134
2.8 Concluding remarks......Page 139
3.1 Introduction......Page 140
3.2 Corporate restructuring......Page 144
3.3 Failing-firm defence......Page 145
3.4 The European Union perspective......Page 147
3.5 Derogation: removing the suspension......Page 168
3.6 Failing-firm defence cases before the UK competition authorities......Page 175
3.7 Failing-firm defence cases before other national competition authorities......Page 198
3.8 Derogation: removing the suspension......Page 231
3.9 Reflections from theory and practice......Page 232
3.10 Concluding remarks......Page 240
4.1 Introduction......Page 251
4.2 A primer on efficiencies......Page 254
4.3 The European Commission's approach towards efficiencies......Page 259
4.4 European Commission decisional practice......Page 265
4.5 The UK approach towards efficiencies......Page 269
4.6 The US approach to efficiencies......Page 282
4.7 US case law on efficiencies......Page 285
4.8 Concluding remarks......Page 293
5.1 Introduction......Page 296
5.2 Germany......Page 299
5.3 The European Union......Page 311
5.4 The United States of America......Page 344
5.5 Crisis cartels in other jurisdictions......Page 359
5.6 Financial-constraints defence......Page 369
5.7 Concluding remarks......Page 382
6.1 Introduction......Page 384
6.2 How much state aid?......Page 385
6.3 The concept of state aid......Page 387
6.4 Possible exceptions (compatible aid)......Page 398
6.5 Conclusions......Page 404
7.1 Introduction......Page 424
7.2 Experience of other crises......Page 426
7.3 The objectives of competition law......Page 432
7.4 Welfare standards......Page 436
7.5 Merger enforcement amidst crises......Page 438
7.6 Crisis cartels amidst crises......Page 490
7.7 State aid amidst crises......Page 506
7.8 Concluding remarks......Page 527
8 - Conclusion......Page 534
8.1 Control of state aid......Page 535
8.2 Merger control......Page 537
8.3 Crisis cartels......Page 541
Index......Page 545