Antimicrobial Peptides (Advances in Molecular and Cellular Biology Series)

Contents......Page 6
Contributors......Page 12
Preface......Page 14
Introduction......Page 16
1 A Database View of Naturally Occurring Antimicrobial Peptides: Nomenclature, Classification and Amino Acid Sequence Analysis......Page 20
1.1 Database Scope and Overview......Page 21
1.2 Nomenclature of Antimicrobial Peptides......Page 22
1.3 Annotation and Classification of Antimicrobial Peptides......Page 24
1.4 Amino Acid Sequence Analysis of Antimicrobial Peptides......Page 34
1.5 Concluding Remarks......Page 36
2.1 Introduction to Bacteriocins......Page 41
2.2 Biosynthesis and Post-translational Modifications......Page 42
2.3 Classification......Page 43
2.4 Lantibiotic Subgroups: Biology, Structure and Mode of Action......Page 44
2.5 Current and Future Use of Lantibiotics for Food Applications......Page 48
2.7 Engineering of Lantibiotics......Page 49
2.8 Screening for New Lantibiotics......Page 50
2.9 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives......Page 51
3.1 Introduction to Plant Antimicrobial Peptides......Page 59
3.2 Cyclotides......Page 68
3.3 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives......Page 82
4 Database-aided Prediction and Design of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides......Page 91
4.1 Database-aided Antimicrobial Peptide Prediction......Page 92
4.2 Database-aided Peptide Design and Improvement......Page 95
4.3 Strategies for Improving Cell Selectivity of AMPs......Page 99
4.5 Concluding Remarks......Page 101
5.1 The Interfacial Activity Model of AMP Activity......Page 106
5.2 Combinatorial Chemistry Methods......Page 107
5.3 High-throughput Screening......Page 109
5.4 Accomplishments......Page 116
5.5 Future Directions......Page 117
6.1 Introduction......Page 119
6.2 De Novo-designed Rigid Peptidomimetics......Page 121
6.3 Acyl-lysyl Oligomers......Page 123
6.4 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives......Page 129
7.1 Differences in Chemical Composition and Molecular Organization of Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria......Page 135
7.2 Role of Bacterial Membrane Lipid Composition in Antimicrobial Sensitivity......Page 137
7.3 Antimicrobial Agents that Target the Outer Membrane of Gram-negative Bacteria......Page 138
7.4 Antimicrobial Agents that Promote Clustering of Anionic Lipids......Page 139
7.5 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives......Page 144
8.1 Introduction......Page 147
8.2 Buforin II: α-Helical AMP with Single Proline Residue Binding to Nucleic Acids......Page 149
8.3 PR-39 and Indolicidin: Mammalian Proline-rich Peptides Inhibiting Macromolecule Synthesis and Cell Division......Page 150
8.4 Apidaecin, Drosocin and Pyrrhocoricin: Short, Insect Proline-rich Peptides Binding to Heat-shock Protein DnaK......Page 152
8.5 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives......Page 155
9.1 Human Defensins and Cathelicidins......Page 160
9.2 Bacterial Expression and Purification of Antimicrobial Peptides......Page 162
9.3 Structural Studies of Membrane-targeting Antimicrobial Peptides......Page 165
9.4 Structure-based Peptide Engineering......Page 178
9.5 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives......Page 179
10.1 Introduction......Page 188
10.2 Production of Anionic Polyelectrolytes by Host and Microbial Sources......Page 190
10.4 Releasing LL-37 from Polyelectrolyte Bundles......Page 191
10.5 Designing Antimicrobial Agents Resistant to Inactivation by Polyelectrolytes......Page 193
10.6 Possible Therapeutic Use......Page 194
10.7 Conclusion......Page 195
11.2 Early History of Vitamin D......Page 200
11.4 Vitamin D Signalling and Mechanisms of Action......Page 201
11.5 Overview of Vitamin D and Immune System Regulation......Page 203
11.7 Antimicrobial Peptides......Page 204
11.8 Regulation of DEFB2/hBD-2 Expression by 1,25D......Page 205
11.9 1,25D Regulation of LL-37 is Human and Primate Specific......Page 206
11.10 Broader Physiological and Pathophysiological Implications of the Regulation of LL-37 Expression by 1,25D......Page 207
11.11 Therapeutic Role for Vitamin D Analogues......Page 209
12 Fine Tuning Host Responses in the Face of Infection: Emerging Roles and Clinical Applications of Host Defence Peptides......Page 214
12.1 Mammalian Host Defence (Antimicrobial) Peptides......Page 215
12.2 The Role of Endogenous Host Defence Peptides in the Response to Infection......Page 217
12.3 Potential Therapeutic Uses beyond Anti-infective Activity......Page 221
12.4 Recent Clinical Advances in Therapeutic Application of Host Defence Peptides......Page 225
12.5 Innate Defence Regulators as Anti-infective Therapeutics......Page 227
12.7 Limitations and Challenges......Page 228
12.8 Conclusions......Page 230
A......Page 240
C......Page 241
D......Page 242
G......Page 243
I......Page 244
M......Page 245
P......Page 246
S......Page 247
T......Page 248
Z......Page 249