Antenna theory and design : by Warren L. Stutzman and Gary A. Thiele

 Content: Chapter 1 Introduction 1   1.1 The History of Antennas 1  1.2 What Is an Antenna and When Is it Used? 10  1.3 How Antennas Radiate 13  1.4 The Four Antenna Types 17  References 22  Problems 22   Chapter   2   Antenna Fundamentals 23   2.1 Fundamentals of Electromagnetics 23  2.2 Solution of Maxwell's Equations for Radiation Problems 27  2.3 The Ideal Dipole 32  2.4 Radiation Patterns 36  2.5 Directivity and Gain 50  2.6 Antenna Impedance 56  2.7 Radiation Efficiency 60  2.8 Antenna Polarization 61  References 66  Problems 66   Chapter   3   Simple Radiating Systems 70   3.1 Electrically Small Dipoles 70  3.2 Half-Wave Dipoles 73  3.3 Monopoles and Image Theory 75  3.4 Small Loop Antennas and Duality 81  3.5 Two-Element Arrays 89  References 97  Problems 97   Chapter   4   System Applications for Antennas 100   4.1 Introduction 100  4.2 Receiving Properties of Antennas 100  4.3 Antenna Noise and Radiometry 103  4.4 Antennas in Communication Systems 107  4.5 Antennas In Wireless Communication Systems 116  4.6 Antennas in Radar Systems 122  4.7 Antennas As Unintentional Radiators 123  References 125  Problems 125   Chapter   5   Line Sources 128   5.1 The Uniform Line Source 128  5.2 Tapered Line Sources 137  5.3 Fourier Transform Relations Between the Far-Field Pattern and the Source Distribution 142  5.4 Fast Wave And Slow Wave Distributions 143  5.5 Superdirective Line Sources 145  References 148  Problems 148   Chapter   6   Wire Antennas 151   6.1 Dipole Antennas 151  6.2 Folded Dipole Antennas 161  6.3 Yagi-Uda Antennas 166  6.4 Feeding Wire Antennas 175  6.5 Loaded Wire Antennas 186  6.6 Ground Plane Backed Wire Antennas 190  6.7 Wire Antennas Above an Imperfect Ground Plane 198  6.8 Large Loop Antennas 205  References 211  Problems 212   Chapter   7   Broadband Antennas 218   7.1 Introduction 218  7.2 Traveling-Wave Wire Antennas 220  7.3 Helical Antennas 225  7.4 Biconical Antennas 233  7.5 Sleeve Antennas 239  7.6 Principles of Frequency-Independent Antennas 243  7.7 Spiral Antennas 245  7.8 Log-Periodic Antennas 251  7.9 Wideband EMC Antennas 261  7.10 Ultra-Wideband Antennas 264  References 266  Problems 268   Chapter   8   Array Antennas 271   8.1 Introduction 271  8.2 The Array Factor for Linear Arrays 272  8.3 Uniformly Excited, Equally Spaced Linear Arrays 278  8.4 The Complete Array Pattern and Pattern Multiplication 286  8.5 Directivity of Uniformly Excited, Equally Spaced Linear Arrays 293  8.6 Nonuniformly Excited, Equally Spaced Linear Arrays 298  8.7 Mutual Coupling in Arrays 303  8.8 Multidimensional Arrays 311  8.9 Phased Arrays and Array Feeding Techniques 314  8.10 Elements for Arrays 327  8.11 Wideband Phased Arrays 332  References 336  Problems 338   Chapter   9   Aperture Antennas 344   9.1 Radiation from Apertures and Huygens' Principle 344  9.2 Rectangular Apertures 353  9.3 Techniques for Evaluating Gain 360  9.4 Rectangular Horn Antennas 368  9.5 Circular Apertures 385  9.6 Reflector Antennas 391  9.7 Feed Antennas for Reflectors 416  9.8 Lens Antennas 424  References 425  Problems 427   Chapter   10   Antenna Synthesis 433   10.1 The Antenna Synthesis Problem 433  10.2 Line Source Shaped Beam Synthesis Methods 437  10.3 Linear Array Shaped Beam Synthesis Methods 440  10.4 Low Side Lobe, Narrow Main Beam Synthesis Methods 446  10.5 The Iterative Sampling Method 459  References 461  Problems 461   Chapter   11   Low-Profile Antennas and Personal Communication Antennas 465   11.1 Introduction 465  11.2 Microstrip Antenna Elements 466  11.3 Microstrip Arrays 478  11.4 Microstrip Leaky Wave Antennas 481  11.5 Fundamental Limits on Antenna Size 488  11.6 Antennas for Compact Devices 498  11.7 Dielectric Resonator Antennas 512  11.8 Near Fields of Electrically Large Antennas 519  11.9 Human Body Effects on Antenna Performance 523  11.10 Radiation Hazards 526  References 531  Problems 533   Chapter   12   Terminal and Base Station Antennas for Wireless Applications 536   12.1 Satellite Terminal Antennas 537  12.2 Base Station Antennas 538  12.3 Mobile Terminal Antennas 545  12.4 Smart Antennas 549  12.5 Adaptive and Spatial Filtering Antennas 553  References 557  Problems 557   Chapter   13   Antenna Measurements 559   13.1 Reciprocity and Antenna Measurements 559  13.2 Pattern Measurement and Antenna Ranges 564  13.3 Gain Measurement 571  13.4 Polarization Measurement 576  13.5 Field Intensity Measurement 580  13.6 Mobile Radio Antenna Measurements 582  13.7 Rules for Experimental Investigations 583  References 584  Problems 584   Chapter   14   CEM for Antennas: The Method of Moments 587   14.1 General Introduction to CEM 587  14.2 Introduction to the Method of Moments 590  14.3 Pocklington's Integral Equation 591  14.4 Integral Equations and Kirchhoff's Network Equations 594  14.5 Source Modeling 596  14.6 Weighted Residuals and the Method of Moments 601  14.7 Two Alternative Approaches to the Method of Moments 606  14.8 Formulation and Computational Considerations 610  14.9 Calculation of Antenna and Scatterer Characteristics 618  14.10 The Wire Antenna or Scatterer as an N-Port Network 621  14.11 Antenna Arrays 625  14.12 Radar Cross Section of Antennas 631  14.13 Modeling of Solid Surfaces 636  14.14 Summary 645  References 646  Problems 647   Chapter   15   CEM for Antennas: Finite Difference Time Domain Method 652   15.1 Maxwell's Equations for the FDTD Method 654  15.2 Finite Differences and the Yee Algorithm 657  15.3 Cell Size, Numerical Stability, and Dispersion 664  15.4 Computer Algorithm and FDTD Implementation 667  15.5 Absorbing Boundary Conditions 670  15.6 Source Conditions 674  15.7 Near Fields and Far Fields 681  15.8 A Two-Dimensional Example: An E--Plane Sectoral Horn Antenna 682  15.9 Antenna Analysis and Applications 689  15.10 Summary 697  References 697  Problems 698   Chapter   16   CEM for Antennas: High-Frequency Methods 700   16.1 Geometrical Optics 701  16.2 Wedge Diffraction Theory 707  16.3 The Ray-Fixed Coordinate System 716  16.4 A Uniform Theory of Wedge Diffraction 718  16.5 E-Plane Analysis of Horn Antennas 722  16.6 Cylindrical Parabolic Reflector Antennas 725  16.7 Radiation by a Slot on a Finite Ground Plane 727  16.8 Radiation by a Monopole on a Finite Ground Plane 730  16.9 Equivalent Current Concepts 732  16.10 A Multiple Diffraction Formulation 735  16.11 Diffraction by Curved Surfaces 737  16.12 Application of UTD to Wireless Mobile Propagation 742  16.13 Extension of Moment Method Using the UTD 745  16.14 Physical Optics 750  16.15 Frequency Dependence of First-Order Scattering Sources 757  16.16 Method of Stationary Phase 760  16.17 Physical Theory of Diffraction 763  16.18 Cylindrical Parabolic Reflector Antennas--PTD 769  16.19 Summary 771  References 771  Problems 773   Appendix   A   Frequency Bands 781   A.1 Radio Frequency Bands 781  A.2 Television Channel Frequencies (in North America) 781  A.3 Cellular Telephone Bands 782  A.4 Radar Bands 782   Appendix   B   Material Data and Constants 783   B.1 Conductivities of Good Conductors 783  B.2 Wire Data 783  B.3 Dielectric Constant: Permittivity of Free Space 784  B.4 Permeability of Free Space 784  B.5 Velocity of Light of Free Space 784  B.6 Intrinsic Impedance of Free Space 784  B.7 Properties of Some Common Dielectrics 784   Appendix   C   Coordinate Systems and Vectors 785   C.1 The Coordinate Systems and Unit Vectors 785  C.2 Vector Identities 786  C.3 Vector Differential Operators 787   Appendix   D   Trigonometric Relations 789    Appendix   E   Hyperbolic Relations 791    Appendix   F   Mathematical Relations 793   F.1 Dirac Delta Function 793  F.2 Binomial Theorem 793  F.3 Bessel Functions 793  F.4 Some Useful Integrals 794   Appendix   G   Computing Tools for Antennas 795   G.1 Wire Antenna Simulation Packages 795  G.2 Parabolic Reflector Antenna Simulation Packages 796  G.3 Web Sites with Antenna Calculation and Modeling Tools 796   Appendix   H   Book List 797   H.1 Introduction 797  H.2 Antenna Definitions 797  H.3 Fundamental Books on Antennas 797  H.4 Books on Antennas with Propagation 799  H.5 Books On Antennas With Other Topics 799  H.6 Handbooks and General Reference Books on Antennas 799  H.7 Books on Antenna Measurements 800  H.8 Books on Specific Antenna Topics 801  H.9 Books on Antennas For Specific Applications 805  H.10 Books on Computational Methods for Antennas 807  H.11 Books on Topics Closely Related to Antennas 809  Index 811