An Introduction to R

Preface......Page 7
R and statistics......Page 8
Using R interactively......Page 9
Getting help with functions and features......Page 10
Recall and correction of previous commands......Page 11
Data permanency and removing objects......Page 12
Vectors and assignment......Page 13
Generating regular sequences......Page 14
Logical vectors......Page 15
Character vectors......Page 16
Index vectors; selecting and modifying subsets of a data set......Page 17
Other types of objects......Page 18
Intrinsic attributes: mode and length......Page 19
Getting and setting attributes......Page 20
The class of an object......Page 21
The function tapply() and ragged arrays......Page 22
Ordered factors......Page 23
Array indexing. Subsections of an array......Page 25
Index matrices......Page 26
Mixed vector and array arithmetic. The recycling rule......Page 27
The outer product of two arrays......Page 28
Matrix multiplication......Page 29
Singular value decomposition and determinants......Page 30
Forming partitioned matrices, cbind() and rbind()......Page 31
Frequency tables from factors......Page 32
Lists......Page 34
Making data frames......Page 35
Working with data frames......Page 36
Managing the search path......Page 37
The read.table() function......Page 38
Accessing builtin datasets......Page 39
Editing data......Page 40
R as a set of statistical tables......Page 41
Examining the distribution of a set of data......Page 42
One- and two-sample tests......Page 45
Repetitive execution: for loops, repeat and while......Page 48
Simple examples......Page 50
Named arguments and defaults......Page 51
Efficiency factors in block designs......Page 52
Dropping all names in a printed array......Page 53
Scope......Page 54
Customizing the environment......Page 56
Classes, generic functions and object orientation......Page 57
Defining statistical models; formulae......Page 60
Contrasts......Page 62
Generic functions for extracting model information......Page 63
Analysis of variance and model comparison......Page 64
Updating fitted models......Page 65
Families......Page 66
The glm() function......Page 67
Nonlinear least squares and maximum likelihood models......Page 69
Least squares......Page 70
Some non-standard models......Page 71
The plot() function......Page 73
Display graphics......Page 74
Arguments to high-level plotting functions......Page 75
Low-level plotting commands......Page 76
Mathematical annotation......Page 77
Interacting with graphics......Page 78
Permanent changes: The par() function......Page 79
Graphics parameters list......Page 80
Graphical elements......Page 81
Figure margins......Page 82
Multiple figure environment......Page 84
Device drivers......Page 85
Multiple graphics devices......Page 86
Dynamic graphics......Page 87
Contributed packages and CRAN......Page 88
Namespaces......Page 89
A sample session......Page 90
Invoking R from the command line......Page 94
Invoking R under Windows......Page 98
Invoking R under Mac OS X......Page 99
Scripting with R......Page 100
Command-line editor summary......Page 102
Function and variable index......Page 104
Concept index......Page 107
References......Page 109