An Introduction to Intermediate and Advanced Statistical Analyses for Sport and Exercise Scientists

Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
About the editors
List of contributors
Foreword
Preface
Chapter 1 Factorial ANOVA and MANOVA
	General Introduction
		Hypothesis Testing
		Alpha Level
		Assumptions
		Further Considerations
	Utility in Sport and Exercise Sciences
		Treatment Conditions
		Existing Conditions
		Individual Characteristics
		Recent Usage
	The Substantive Example
		Univariate: Factorial ANOVA
		Univariate Assumptions
	The Synergy
		Factorial ANOVA Analysis Plan
		Example of a Write-Up Compatible with the APA Publication Manual
		Factorial MANOVA Analysis Plan
		Example of a Write-Up Compatible with the APA Publication Manual
	Summary
	Acknowledgment
	References
Chapter 2 Repeated measures ANOVA and MANOVA
	General Introduction
		Between- versus Within-Subjects Variables
		Hypothesis Testing
		Assumptions
		Further Considerations
	Utility in Sport and Exercise Sciences
		Multiple Treatment Conditions
		Multiple Assessments
		Longitudinal Studies
		Recent Usage
	The Substantive Example
		Univariate: Repeated Measures ANOVA
		Univariate Assumptions
		Multivariate: Repeated Measures MANOVA
		Multivariate Assumptions
	The Synergy
		Repeated Measures ANOVA Analysis Plan
		Example of a Write-Up Compatible with the APA Publication Manual
		Repeated Measures MANOVA Analysis Plan
		Example of a Write-Up Compatible with the APA Publication Manual
	Summary
	Acknowledgment
	References
Chapter 3 Mediation and moderation via regression analysis
	General Introduction
	Utility of the Methods in Sport and Exercise Science
	The Substantive Example
		Mediation
	The Synergy
		Mediation
	The Substantive Example
		Moderation
	The Synergy
		Moderation
	Summary
	References
Chapter 4 Item response theory and its applications in Kinesiology
	General Introduction
	What Is IRT?
	Other Commonly Used IRT Models
	Assumptions Related to IRT
		Unidimensionality
		Local Independence
	Addressing Model-Data Fit
		Inspecting Model Assumptions
		Inspecting Expected Model Features
		Inspecting Overall Model-Data Fit
		Computer Simulation for Model-Data Fit Testing
	Unique Features and Advantages of IRT
		Estimation Invariance
		Common Metric Scale
		Item and Test Information
		Test Relative Efficiency
		Global “Reliability” Is no Longer a Concern
		Item Bank and IRT-Based Test Construction
		Parameter Estimation and Software
	Utility of the Methodology in Kinesiology
	IRT Limitations and Future Direction
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5 Introduction to factor analysis and structural equation modeling
	General Introduction
	Utility of the Method in Sport and Exercise Science
	Terminology and Methodology
		Evaluating Model Fit
		Interpreting Parameter Estimates
	The Substantive Example
	The Synergy
		EFA: Establishing the Factor Structure
		CFA: Testing the Measurement Models
		Structural Equation Modeling: Adding the Regression Paths
	Summary
	References
Chapter 6 Invariance testing across samples and time: Cohort-sequence analysis of perceived body composition
	General Introduction to the Importance of Measurement Invariance
		Cohort-Sequential Designs: Longitudinal Invariance across Samples and Time
	Substantive Application: Physical Self-Concept
	Methodology
		The PSDQ Instrument
		Statistical Analyses
		Goodness of Fit
	Results
		Basic Cohort-Sequence Model: Four Cohort Groups and Four Waves
		Cohort-Sequence Design of Multiple Indicators, Multiple Causes Models
		Use of Model Constraint with Orthogonal Polynomial Contrasts to Evaluate Cohort Sequence and MIMIC Latent Means
		Use of Latent Growth Curve Models to Evaluate Stability/Change over Time
		LGC Results
	Summary, Implications, and Further Directions
		Methodological Implications, Limitations, and Further Directions
	References
Chapter 7 Cross-lagged structural equation modeling and latent growth modeling
	General Introduction
	A Theoretical Framework for the Study of Change
	Utility of the Method in Sport and Exercise Science
		Analysis of Change
	The Substantive Example
		Theoretical Background
		The Data: Participants and Measurement
	The Synergy
		CLPM
		CLPM Example
		Latent Growth Modeling
		LGM Example
		Model 2a: Unconditional LGM
		Model 2b: Conditional LGM
		Model 2c: Unconditional LGM with TVCs
		Model 3: Parallel Process LGM
		Model 4: Second-Order LGM
	Summary
	References
Chapter 8 Exploratory structural equation modeling and Bayesian estimation
	General Introduction
	Utility of the Methods in Sport and Exercise Science
	The Substantive Example(s)
	The Motivational Correlates of Mentally Tough Behavior
	Developing Synergies through Statistical Modeling
		ESEM
		Bayesian Estimation
	Summary
	References
Chapter 9 A gentle introduction to mixture modeling using physical fitness performance data
	General Introduction
	Utility of the Method in Sport and Exercise Science
	The Substantive Example(s)
		Class Enumeration in Mixture Models
		The Estimation of Mixture Models
	The Synergy
		LPA of Grade 5 Students and Tests of Invariance across Gender Groups
		Inclusion of Covariates in LPA Solutions
		LTA
		Mixture Regression Analyses of Grade 5 Students
		Latent Basis Growth Mixture Analyses: Cardiovascular Fitness
		Piecewise Growth Mixture Analyses: Physical Strength
	Summary
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 10 Multilevel (structural equation) modeling
	General Introduction
		Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling
	Utility of the Methodology in Sport and Exercise Science
	The Substantive Examples
		Coaching Competency–Collective Efficacy–Team Performance: 1–1–2
		Action Planning Intervention–Physical Activity Action Plans–Physical Activity: 2–1–1
	The Synergy
		Coaching Competency–Collective Efficacy–Team Performance: 1–1–2
		Action Planning Intervention–Physical Activity Action Plans–Physical Activity: 2–1–1
	Summary
	References
Chapter 11 Application of meta-analysis in sport and exercise science
	General Introduction
		Stages of Meta-Analysis
		Key Elements of Meta-Analysis
		Goals of Meta-Analysis
	Utility of the Methodology in Sport and Exercise Science
	The Substantive Example
	The Synergy
		Univariate Meta-Analysis
		Multivariate Meta-Analysis
	Summary
	Acknowledgment
	References
Chapter 12 Reliability and stability of variables/instruments used in sport science and sport medicine
	Introduction
		A. Assessment of Test–Retest Agreement Using Interval/Ratio Data
		A Worked Example Using the Test–Retest Differences of the Biceps Skinfold Measurements
		B. Utility of the Assessment of Test-Retest Stability Using Categorical/Likert-Type Data
	The Substantive Example
		Utility of the Test–Retest Stability Using Nonparametric Data
	The Synergy
		Utility of the Item by Item Approach to Test–Retest Stability
	The Synergy
	Summary
	References
Chapter 13 Sample size determination and power estimation in structural equation modeling
	General Introduction
		Power
		Power Analysis in SEM
	Utility of the Methodology in Sport and Exercise Science
		Power Analysis Regarding Model-Data Fit: An Introduction
		Power Analysis Regarding Focal Parameters: An Introduction
	The Substantive Example
		Bifactor Model in Sport and Exercise Science
		Bifactor Model and the PETES
	The Synergy
		Power Analysis Regarding Model-Data Fit: A Demonstration
		Power Analysis Regarding Focal Parameters: A Demonstration
	Summary
	References
Index
EULA