An introduction to indigenous health and healthcare in Canada : bridging health and healing

Cover
Title
Copyright
Contents
Preface
	Origins of This Text
	Suggestions By Students
	Purpose of This Text
Acknowledgments
Guidelines for Faculty
	Who Should Use This Book
	What This Book is About
	How This Book is Organized
	How to Use This Book
Part 1: Indigenous Culture and Health
	Chapter 1: Introduction: First Nations, Metis and Inuit in Canada : Understanding the Issues
		Multiculturalism
		A Part of the Candian Cultural Masaic
		A Founding Nation of Canada
		Demographics of Canada’S Native Population
		First Nations
		Inuit
		Metis
		Urban Indigenous Peoples
		Indigenous Peoples in Canada
		Ottawa Charter
		Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples and the Romanow Report
		Easing Demands on Resources
		Critical Thinking Exercise—Thinking About Difference
		References and Further Reading
	Chapter 2: Western and Indigenous Ways of Knowing
		Indigenous Ways of Knowing
		Example
		Other Ways of Knowing
		Recognizing Individuality
		Epistemology and Ontology
		Being and Knowing in Time
		Historical Epistemology
		Traditional Indigenous Epistemology
		Professional Flexibility
		Biomedicine Versus Tradition
		Nonmodern Epistemology
		Epistemological Accommodation
		Recognizing and Respecting Difference
		Critical Thinking Exercise—How Modern are You?
		References and Further Reading
	Chapter 3: Cultural Competency, Cultural Sensitivity and Cultural Safety
		Modern Healthcare in the 21st Century
		A Kinder, Gentler Healthcare?
		Three Models of Intercultural Care
		Cultural Sensitivity
		Cultural Competency
		Cultural Safety
		Professional Standards and Indigenous Understanding
		Epistemological Accommodation and Cultural Safety
		Critical Thinking Exercise—Sensitivity, Safety and Competence
		References and Further Reading
	Chapter 4: Historical Overview
		Pre-Contact History
		Indigenous Farmers
		Villages and Laws
		Nomadic Hunters
		Fishers of the Coast
		The Inuit
		Health and Welfare
		Disease Before Contact
		European Contact
		Disease and Conquest
		Disease Impacts
		Some Imported Diseases
		Map of the 1775–1782 Smallpox Epidemic
		The Fur Trade
		Trade Partnerships
		Political Issues Around the Fur Trade Today
		Settlement and Traditional Economies
		Settlement and Colonization
		Indigenous Title in Canada
		Reserve System in Canada
		Reserves in Eastern Canada
		Reserves on the Prairies
		Reserves in British Columbia
		Reserves in the North
		Indian Act, 1876
		Official Ideology of Assimilation
		Government Policy and the Indian Act
		Assimilation and Resistance
		Residential Schools
		Residential Schools and Abuse
		Testimonies of Abuse
		Health and Welfare
		Constitution Act of 1982
		Charter of Rights and Freedoms
		Devolution of the Healthcare System
		The Movement Toward Autonomy
		Problems in Health Coverage
		Jordan’S Principle
		International Attention to Indigenous Peoples
		Indigenous Health and Welfare Today
		Economic and Cultural Security
		Finding Opportunities
		The Meaning of Health in Different Cultures
		Decolonizing Health?
		Indigenous Health Indicators
		Cancer and Heart Disease
		Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Health Concerns
		Conclusion—A Turbulent Passage
		Critical Thinking Exercise—Situating the Indigenous peoples of Canada in Our History
		References and Further Reading
Part 2: Indigenous Health and the Canadian Healthcare System
	Chapter 5: Understanding the Determinants of Health and Canada’s Native Population
		What is Population Health?
		What are the Determinants of Health?
		Income and Social Status
		Social Support Networks
		Education and Literacy
		Employment and Working Conditions
		Social Environment
		Personal Health Practices
		Healthy Child Development
		Biology and Genetic Endowment
		Health Services
		Gender
		Culture
		Physical Environment
		Ecosystem Health
		Indigenous Cultural Identity
		Critical Thinking Exercise
		References and Further Reading
	Chapter 6: Diabetes, Diet and Nutrition
		Growth of Indigenous Diabetes Since 1980
		Growth of Indigenous Diabetes and Non-Indigenous Diabetes
		Statistics
		Disease Etiology
		Types of Diabetes
		Symptoms
		Associated Health Conditions
		Post-Diabetic End-Stage Renal Disease
		Gangrene
		Coronary Artery Disease
		Erectile Dysfunction
		Financial Burden of Diabetes
		Causes of Indigenous Diabetes
		Barriers to a Healthy Market Diet Among Indigenous Populations
		Obesity
		Lifestyle Factors
		Mental and Spiritual Issues
		Indigenous Culture and Childhood Diet
		Access to Healthcare Services
		Thrifty Gene Theory
		Treatment
		Approaches that Work
		Case Study—Sandy Lake, Ontario
		Case Study—Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project
		Case Study—Healthy Food Parcels
		Critical Thinking Exercises
		References and Further Reading
	Chapter 7: Chronic and Infectious Diseases
		What are Chronic Diseases?
		Primary Risk Factors
		Community Risk Factors
		Managing Risk
		Chronic Disease in the Indigenous Population
		Obesity
		Otitis Media
		Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
		Chronic Respiratory Disease (Asthma)
		Cardiovascular Disease
		Cancer
		Disabilities
		Arthritis
		Renal Disease
		Digestive Disorders
		What are Infectious Diseases?
		Respiratory Diseases
		Tuberculosis
		Sexually Transmitted Diseases
		Critical Thinking Exercises
		References and Further Reading
	Chapter 8: Women’s and Children’s Health
		Women’S Health
		History and Change
		Children’S Health
		Critical Thinking Exercise
		References and Further Reading
	Chapter 9: Mental Health
		Dsm 5 Classification of Mental Illness and Indigenous Peoples
		Mental Health and Indigenous Peoples
		Fasd and Culture
		Residential School Syndrome
		Depression
		Violence
		Suicide
		Case Study: Innu of Davis Inlet
		Accidents and Injuries
		Interconnections Between Causes
		Why Should Non-Indigenous People Care?
		Critical Thinking Exercises
		Case Study One
		Case Study Two
		References and Further Reading
	Chapter 10: Emerging Issues, Hybridization of Healthcare and the Way Forward for Indigenous Health
		Emerging Issues
		Idle No More
		Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls
		The Hybridisation of Healthcare
		Making Native Space Without Eliminating Professional Space
		Inuulitsivik Maternities
		Professional Development for Healthcare Personnel
		Cultural Sensitivity, Epistemological Accommodation and Indigenous Health
		The Limits of Accommodation—From Both Sides
		Reconciling Indigenous Standards With Professional Standards
		Recognizing That Indigenous Priorities Include Good Health
		Maintaining Quality of Care
		Yukon Hospital First Nations Health Program
		Lessons From Other Epistemological Encounters
		Overcoming Resistance
		Building a Hybrid Healthcare System
		Critical Thinking Exercises
		References and Further Reading
	Index