An Atlas of Human Prenatal Development Mechanics: Anatomy And Staging

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Acknowledgements......Page 6
Preface......Page 7
Foreword......Page 10
Foreword......Page 11
How to use this book......Page 12
Suggested reading......Page 13
Control of the cell cycle......Page 15
J’STAGES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT......Page 16
PREFERTILIZATION......Page 18
Internalization of spermatozoon, formation of male pronucleus......Page 19
BLASTOCYST (STAGE 3; FIGURES 1.3 AND 1.4)......Page 22
BILAMINAR EMBRYO (STAGE 4; FIGUERS 1.5–1.10)......Page 23
COMMENTS ON AXIAL STRUCTURES AND EMBRYONAL MESODERM......Page 24
Primitive streak......Page 25
CLOSING OF THE NEURAL TUBE AND FORMATION OF SOMITES (STAGE 6; FIGURES 1.17–1.23)......Page 26
The somites......Page 27
The notochord and the closure of the neural tube (Figures 1.24–1.27)......Page 28
COMMENTS ON LIMB DEVELOPMENT (FIGURES 1.37–1.42; TABLE 1.5)......Page 29
THE LATE EMBRYONIC STAGE (STAGE 8; FIGURES 1.43–1.45)......Page 30
COMMENTS ON OROFACIAL DEVELOPMENT (FIGURES 1.49–1.72)......Page 31
Development of the secondary palate; separation of the nasal cavities from the oral cavity (Figures 1.73–1.82)......Page 33
The mouth cavity and the teeth (Figures 1.83 and 1.84)......Page 34
STAGE 9:THE FETUS (FIGURE 1.85)......Page 35
Neuroectoderm......Page 36
Embryonic mesoderm (mesoblast)......Page 37
MESENCHYME......Page 38
NOTOCHORDOBLAST (LAYER OF AXIAL ORGANIZATION)......Page 39
YOLK SAC AND BLOOD......Page 40
DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEART (FIGURES 3.5–3.34)......Page 41
Atria and their septation......Page 42
Formotion of the semilunar valves......Page 43
The yolk sac circulation......Page 44
The umbilical circulation......Page 45
Aortic arches and the main arteries......Page 46
DEVELOPMENT OF VEINS......Page 47
The vitelline (omphalomesenteric) veins......Page 48
Fetoplacental circulation......Page 49
Lymph nodes......Page 50
Thymus......Page 51
The skull (Figures 4.1–4.7)......Page 52
 The desmocranium (skin mesenchyme)......Page 53
The vertebral column and the ribs (Figures 4.8–4.16)......Page 54
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM (FIGURES 4.24–4.27)......Page 55
The mesonephros (Figures 5.2–5.7)......Page 58
The metanephros (definitive kidney) (Figures 5.8–5.14)......Page 60
The stage of subcapsular blastema......Page 61
The cloaca, urinary bladder and pelvic urethra (Figures 5.15 and 5.16)......Page 62
GONADS......Page 64
Scrotal descent......Page 65
Late fetal ovaries (stage of primary follicles)......Page 66
Female genital ducts: Müllerian ducts and their derivatives: oviducts, uterus, vagina and mesonephric remnants......Page 68
Uterus......Page 69
The genital tubercle......Page 70
Masculinization of the external genitalia (Figures 6.31–6.38)......Page 71
Feminization of the external genitalia (Figures 6.39–6.42)......Page 72
In females......Page 73
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM......Page 74
The pharynx, pharyngeal arches and pouches (Figure 7.4)......Page 75
The malleus and the incus......Page 76
The tongue (Figures 7.5–7.7)......Page 77
The stomach......Page 78
The duodenum......Page 79
Rotation of the gut loop......Page 80
The liver (Figures 7.16–7.19)......Page 81
The pancreas (Figure 7.20)......Page 83
THE TRACHEOBRONCHIAL TREE AND THE LUNGS (FIGURES 8.1–8.7)......Page 84
The coelom......Page 86
The pleural and the peritoneal cavities......Page 87
Mesenteric fixations......Page 88
The fetal epidermis and corium......Page 90
The mammary glands......Page 91
The nails......Page 92
Histogenesis of neural tissue......Page 93
SPINAL CORD (FIGURES 10.7–10.15)......Page 94
Spinal ganglia and peripheral nerves......Page 95
THE BRAIN (FIGURES 10.16–10.27)......Page 96
Diencephalon......Page 97
Cerebral ventricles......Page 98
VEGETATIVE GANGLIA AND NERVES......Page 99
THE EYE (FIGURES 11.1–11.11)......Page 100
The internal ear......Page 102
The external ear......Page 103
THE HYPOPHYSIS (FIGURES 12.1–12.5)......Page 105
Growth hormone......Page 106
Neurohypophyseal hormones......Page 107
THE PARATHYROID GLANDS......Page 108
THE SUPRARENAL GLANDS (FIGURES 12.13–12.15)......Page 109
The medulla......Page 110
Implantation......Page 111
LATE CHORION (VILLOUS AND AVILLOUS CHORION) (FIGURES 13.15–13.19)......Page 112
THE PLACENTA......Page 113
FETAL MEMBRANES (FIGURE 13.20)......Page 114
UMBILICAL CORD (FIGURE 13.21)......Page 115
AMNIOTIC FLUID......Page 116
SECTION TWO  HUMAN PRENATAL DEVELOPMENTAL MECHANICS ILLUSTRATED......Page 118
Index......Page 431