American Foreign Relations: A History, Volume 1: To 1920

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 14
1. Embryo of Empire: Americans and the World Before 1789......Page 20
DIPLOMATIC CROSSROAD: Jay, Franklin, Adams, and Negotiations for Independence, 1782......Page 21
Reaching for Independence: Ideology and Commercial Power......Page 24
Opportunity and Necessity: Alliance with France......Page 31
WHAT IF . . . France had not formally allied with the United States beginning in 1778?......Page 34
Suspicious Suitors in Europe......Page 35
A Separate Peace: The Treaty of Paris......Page 39
Ill-Treated under the Articles of Confederation......Page 42
The New Constitution and the Legacy of the Founding Generation......Page 49
FURTHER READING FOR THE PERIOD TO 1789......Page 53
NOTES TO CHAPTER 1......Page 54
2. Independence, Expansion, and War, 1789–1815......Page 57
DIPLOMATIC CROSSROAD: The Chesapeake Affair, 1807......Page 58
The French Revolution Reverberates in America......Page 61
Commerce, Politics, and Diplomacy: Jay's Treaty......Page 64
Pinckney's Treaty, France, and Washington's Farewell......Page 68
Skillful Fencing: The XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War with France......Page 70
Jefferson's Empire for Liberty......Page 75
European Madhouse: Blockades, Neutral Trade, and Impressment, 1803–1807......Page 82
"Peaceable Coercion" and the Path to the War of 1812......Page 84
In All the Tenses: Why War Came......Page 87
WHAT IF . . . President Madison had not asked Congress for war in 1812?......Page 90
Wartime Diplomacy and the Peace of Ghent......Page 91
The Legacy of a War Neither Won Nor Lost......Page 94
FURTHER READING FOR THE PERIOD 1789–1815......Page 96
NOTES TO CHAPTER 2......Page 98
3. Extending and Preserving the Sphere, 1815–1848......Page 102
DIPLOMATIC CROSSROAD: Mexican-American War on the Rio Grande, 1846......Page 103
Expanding the Sphere: Manifest Destiny......Page 105
Commercial Ambitions in the Pacific......Page 112
John Quincy Adams, the Floridas, and the Transcontinental Treaty......Page 114
The Monroe Doctrine Sets the Compass......Page 118
Measuring John Bull: Trade, Canada, and Other Intersections......Page 122
Contest over the Oregon Country......Page 127
The Texas Bombshell......Page 129
The War with Mexico and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo......Page 133
WHAT IF . . . Nicholas P. Trist had not negotiated a peace treaty with Mexico in 1848?......Page 137
The Lessons and Costs of Expansion, 1815–1848......Page 138
FURTHER READING FOR THE PERIOD 1815–1848......Page 142
NOTES TO CHAPTER 3......Page 143
4. Expansionism, Sectionalism, and Civil War, 1848–1865......Page 147
DIPLOMATIC CROSSROAD: William Walker and Manifest Manhood in Central America, 1855–1860......Page 148
Sectionalism and Sputtering Expansionism......Page 151
The South's Dream of Empire......Page 153
Cuban Allure......Page 158
Openings to East Asia......Page 160
Anglo-American Détente, an Isthmian Canal, and Central America......Page 165
The American Civil War and International Relations......Page 167
British "Lookers On" Across the Atlantic......Page 170
WHAT IF . . . Great Britain had recognized the Confederacy during the Civil War?......Page 173
War as Catalyst......Page 174
FURTHER READING FOR THE PERIOD 1848–1865......Page 176
NOTES TO CHAPTER 4......Page 178
5. Establishing Regional Hegemony and Global Power, 1865–1895......Page 181
DIPLOMATIC CROSSROAD: The Foiled Grab of the Dominican Republic, 1869–1870......Page 182
The Culture of Expansionism and Imperialism......Page 184
Economic Expansion and Imperial Rivalry......Page 189
Toward Command of the Seas: The New Navy......Page 193
Secretary William H. Seward Projects the Future......Page 195
Great Britain, Canada, and North American Disputes......Page 197
Americans in Asia: China, Japan, and Korea......Page 200
Pacific Prizes: Hawai'i and Samoa......Page 203
WHAT IF . . . there had been no McKinley Tariff in 1890?......Page 205
Eyeing Africa......Page 207
Latin America Moves into the Yankee Vortex......Page 211
FURTHER READING FOR THE PERIOD 1865–1895......Page 215
NOTES TO CHAPTER 5......Page 217
6. Imperialist Leap, 1895–1900......Page 220
DIPLOMATIC CROSSROAD: The Maine, McKinley, and War, 1898......Page 221
The Venezuela Crisis of 1895......Page 224
Men of Empire......Page 227
Cleveland and McKinley Confront Cuba Libre, 1895–1898......Page 229
WHAT IF . . . Spain had granted independence to Cuba in 1898?......Page 233
The Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War......Page 235
Men Versus "Aunties": The Debate over Empire in the United States......Page 237
Imperial Collisions in Asia: The Philippine Insurrection and the Open Door in China......Page 240
The Elbows of a World Power, 1895–1900......Page 247
FURTHER READING FOR THE PERIOD 1895–1900......Page 248
NOTES TO CHAPTER 6......Page 249
7. Managing, Policing, and Extending the Empire, 1900–1914......Page 252
DIPLOMATIC CROSSROAD: Severing Panama from Colombia for the Canal, 1903......Page 253
Architects of Empire......Page 258
Cuba's Limited Independence Under the Platt Amendment......Page 262
The Constable of the Caribbean: The Roosevelt Corollary, Venezuela, and the Dominican Republic......Page 264
Ordering Haiti and Nicaragua......Page 266
Resisting Revolution in Mexico......Page 268
Japan, China, and Dollar Diplomacy in Asia......Page 272
Anglo-American Rapprochement and Empire Building......Page 276
WHAT IF . . . manliness and civilization had not become linked in the minds of American leaders in the period 1900–1917?......Page 282
FURTHER READING FOR THE PERIOD 1900–1914......Page 283
NOTES TO CHAPTER 7......Page 285
8. War, Peace, and Revolution in the Time of Wilson, 1914–1920......Page 289
DIPLOMATIC CROSSROAD: The Sinking of the Lusitania, 1915......Page 290
The Travails of Neutrality......Page 294
Submarines, Neutral Rights, and Mediation Efforts......Page 298
Wilson's Choices Bring America into World War......Page 300
The Debate over Preparedness......Page 303
The Doughboys Make the Difference in Europe......Page 306
The Fourteen Points and a Contentious Peace Conference......Page 309
Principle, Personality, Health, and Partisanship: The League Fight......Page 313
WHAT IF . . . the president had accepted Senate reservations and the United States had joined the League of Nations in 1919–1920?......Page 318
Red Scare at Home and Abroad: Bolshevism and Intervention in Russia......Page 319
The Whispering Gallery of Global Disorder......Page 322
FURTHER READING FOR THE PERIOD 1914–1920......Page 325
NOTES TO CHAPTER 8......Page 327
Appendix: Makers of American Foreign Relations......Page 330
General Reference Works......Page 334
Overviews of Relations with Countries, Regions, and Other Places of the World, Including Atlases and Gazetteers (A), Annual Surveys and Chronologies (AS), Bibliographies (B), Biographical Aids (BA), Chronologies (C), Encyclopedias and Dictionaries (E), and Statistics (S)......Page 335
Overviews of Subjects, Including Atlases (A), Annual Surveys (AS), Bibliographies (B), Biographical Aids (BA), Chronologies (C), Encyclopedias (E), and Statistics (S)......Page 345
Index......Page 358