Aligning Climate Change and Sustainable Development Policies in Asia

Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Co-benefits: Core Concepts and Applications
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Co-benefits: Origins and Applications
	1.3 Chapter Summaries
		1.3.1 Analytical Methods
		1.3.2 Case Studies
		1.3.3 New Perspectives on Co-benefits
	References
Part I: The Quantitative Modeling of Climate Co-benefits and Sustainable Development
	Chapter 2: The Urban Sustainable Development Index: A Comparative Analysis of Low Emission Strategies in Urban Areas
		2.1 Introduction
			2.1.1 The Need for Sustainability
			2.1.2 Co-benefits and Climate Change
			2.1.3 Sustainability Indicators
			2.1.4 Urban Sustainable Development Index
		2.2 Modeling Methodology
			2.2.1 Indicators´ Collection and Formulation
				2.2.1.1 Final Energy Consumption
				2.2.1.2 GHG Emissions and Air Pollution
				2.2.1.3 Public Transportation System (km/km2)
				2.2.1.4 Waste Management and Water Accessibility (%)
				2.2.1.5 Green Space (m2)
				2.2.1.6 Per Worker Labor Productivity (US$)
				2.2.1.7 Life Expectancy Index
				2.2.1.8 Public Health Index
				2.2.1.9 Education Index
			2.2.2 Data Normalization
			2.2.3 Value Aggregation
			2.2.4 USDI
		2.3 Results and Discussion
			2.3.1 Delhi Clean Transport Scenario
			2.3.2 Shanghai Master Plan Scenario
			2.3.3 Kuala Lumpur Sustainable Urban Energy System Scenario
		2.4 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 3: A Quantitative Model for Forecasting Energy Demand and CO2 Emissions in Pakistan: Toward a Sustainable Energy System
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Model for Analysis of Energy Demand (MAED)
			3.2.1 Household Sector
				3.2.1.1 Space Heating (SH)
				3.2.1.2 Air-Conditioning (AC)
				3.2.1.3 Electric Appliance (AP)
				3.2.1.4 Cooking (CK)
				3.2.1.5 Hot Water (HW)
			3.2.2 Transport Sector
			3.2.3 Industry Sector
			3.2.4 Service Sector
			3.2.5 Final Energy
		3.3 Data
			3.3.1 Demographic Data
			3.3.2 Mobility and Lifestyle Data
			3.3.3 Economic Data
			3.3.4 Emission Factor Data
		3.4 Results and Discussion
		3.5 Policy Considerations
			3.5.1 National Climate Change Policy
			3.5.2 Improvement in Energy Efficiency and Deployment of Renewable Energies
			3.5.3 Economic Growth
			3.5.4 Structural Reforms
			3.5.5 Electrification
		3.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 4: A Multiple Benefits Assessment of the Utilization of High-Efficiency Heat Only Boilers in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Modeling Framework
			4.2.1 Spreadsheet Simulation Model
			4.2.2 Calculation of the Thermal Efficiency
			4.2.3 Calculation of the Coal Consumption
			4.2.4 Environmental Impact Assessment
			4.2.5 Health Impact Assessment
			4.2.6 Relationship Between the Unemployment Rate and the Economic Benefit
			4.2.7 Energy Security
		4.3 Intervention Scenarios
		4.4 Results and Discussion
			4.4.1 Environmental Benefits
			4.4.2 Health Co-benefits
			4.4.3 Multiple Benefits
		4.5 Conclusion
		References
Part II: The Co-benefits of Climate Change Mitigation Strategies
	Chapter 5: Quantifying and Integrating Co-benefits of Renewable Energy Policies in South Korea
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Climate Change, Air Pollution, and Renewable Energy Policies in South Korea
		5.3 Methodology
		5.4 Results
		5.5 Conclusion and Policy Implications
		References
	Chapter 6: The Co-benefits of Renewable Energy Policies in Japan: Barriers and Ways Forward
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Post-Fukushima Energy Policy
		6.3 Barriers to Introducing Renewable Energy
			6.3.1 Technical Barriers
			6.3.2 Social Barriers
			6.3.3 Political Barriers
		6.4 Quantification of Co-benefits
		6.5 Regional Circular and Ecological Sphere
		6.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 7: Quantifying the Co-benefits of Solar Energy in China: Opportunities and Barriers
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Solar Energy in China
		7.3 Methods and Data for Quantifying Co-benefits from Solar Energy
			7.3.1 Energy Efficiency and Emission Parameters
		7.4 Results
		7.5 Barriers to Solar Energy
		7.6 The Way Forward
		References
Part III: New Perspectives on Co-benefits
	Chapter 8: Biodiversity Co-benefits: Narrowing the Gap Between Analysis and Action
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 The Origins of Biodiversity Co-benefits
		8.3 The Importance of Biodiversity Co-benefits
		8.4 Visualizing Biodiversity Co-benefits
		8.5 Research on Biodiversity Co-benefits
			8.5.1 The Biodiversity Entry Point
			8.5.2 Climate Change Entry Point
			8.5.3 A Synergies and Trade-Offs Framework
		8.6 Conclusion: Advancing Biodiversity Co-benefits at Multiple Levels
		References
	Chapter 9: Creating Social Co-benefits for Sustainable and Just Society
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Social Co-benefits in Climate Negotiations
		9.3 Implementation of Social Co-benefit Initiatives
			9.3.1 Inclusive Ridership for Low-Income and Elderly Citizens
			9.3.2 Energy Creation with Women and Locals
			9.3.3 Low-Carbon City Through Participatory Governance
		9.4 Conclusion: Multi-level Multi-benefits
		References
	Chapter 10: Enabling Japan´s Low Emissions Technology Collaboration with Southeast Asia: The Role of Co-innovation and Co-bene...
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Co-innovation and Co-benefits
			10.2.1 Defining and Operationalizing Co-innovation
			10.2.2 The Role of Co-benefits in Co-innovation
			10.2.3 Early Examples of Co-innovation
		10.3 Japan´s Technology Transfer to Southeast Asia and Opportunities for Co-innovation
			10.3.1 Case Study: Takakura Composting Method
				10.3.1.1 Takakura Technology: Opportunities for Collaboration
				10.3.1.2 Identifying Co-innovation
				10.3.1.3 Potential Opportunity for Scaling Up
				10.3.1.4 Key Challenges and Lessons Learned
			10.3.2 Co-innovation for Addressing Water Security Challenges in Da Nang City of Vietnam
				10.3.2.1 Identifying Co-innovation
				10.3.2.2 Co-innovation to Address the Water Security Challenges
					Benefits from this Technology Transfer Project
				10.3.2.3 Potential Opportunities for Scaling Up
				10.3.2.4 Key Challenges and Lessons
			10.3.3 Case Study: Installation of Water Distribution Block System in Phnom Penh
				10.3.3.1 Water Distribution: Opportunities for Collaboration
				10.3.3.2 Identifying Co-innovation
				10.3.3.3 Potential Opportunities for Scaling Up
				10.3.3.4 Key Challenges and Lessons Learned
		10.4 Conclusion
		References