Air Traffic Management and Systems IV: Selected Papers of the 6th ENRI International Workshop on ATM/CNS (EIWAC2019) (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 731)

Committee Members’ List
	EIWAC2019 Technical Program Committee
	Chair of EIWAC2019 Technical Program Committee and Editor in Chief
	EIWAC2019 Technical Program Committee Members
	Secretaries
Preface
Contents
Introduction
Introduction to the Sixth ENRI International Workshop on ATM/CNS (EIWAC2019)
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of the EIWACs
	3 Keynote Speeches
		3.1 Stephen P. Creamer, “Exploring Ideas for World Aviation Challenges”
		3.2 Florian Guillermet, “The Digital Transformation of Air Traffic Management: Why and How”
		3.3 Christopher Loring, “Moving Innovation to Implementation”
		3.4 Tohru Kawaharabata, “CARATS Long-Term Vision for Air Traffic Systems—The Challenge for Implementation of Future Technology”
		3.5 Naoki Tanaka, “Challenge, Leading to Growth—Corporate Strategy of Japan Airlines”
		3.6 Yoshiaki Tsuda, Akira Fukabori, and Kevin Kajitani, “ANA’s Endeavor to Connect All 7.5 Billion People on Earth”
		3.7 Shigeru Ozeki, “Innovations for Future Aircraft Operation and Standardization”
	4 Panel Discussion
	5 Special Speeches
		5.1 Christian Schleifer-Heingärtner, “Current and Future Aviation Standards—Shaping Global Standards Through Collaboration”
		5.2 Patrick Souchu, “Sharing Trajectory Views: The Key Enabler for Trajectory-Based Operations”
	6 Conclusions
	References
ATM Performance
Volatility in Air Traffic Management—How Changes in Traffic Patterns Affect Efficiency in Service Provision
	1 Motivation
	2 Current Situation and Literature Review
	3 Volatility Metrics
	4 Application on Macro-level
		4.1 Database
		4.2 Long- and Medium-Term Analysis
		4.3 Seasonality
	5 Application on Micro-level
	6 Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping
		6.1 Approach and Methodology
		6.2 Results
	7 Conclusion and Way Forward
	References
Coordinated Sequencing of Traffic on Multiple En-Route Constraint Points
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
		2.1 Extended AMAN
		2.2 Previous Works
		2.3 Synthesis
	3 Mathematical Model
		3.1 Constraints
		3.2 Network Modeling
		3.3 Flights Modeling
		3.4 Decision Variables
		3.5 Uncertainties
		3.6 Conflicts Identification
		3.7 Objective Function
	4 Simulated Annealing
		4.1 Principle
		4.2 Neighborhood Function
		4.3 Sliding Window
	5 Results
		5.1 Statistics
	6 Conclusion
	References
Macroscopic Analysis to Identify Stage Boundaries in Multi-stage Arrival Management
	1 Introduction
	2 Drawbacks of Modern Arrival Management Systems
	3 Concept of Multi-stage Arrival Management
	4 Data-Driven Analysis
		4.1 Case Study Data Description—Tokyo International Airport
		4.2 Stochastic Analysis on Air Traffic Arrival Flow
	5 Exploring Control Strategies in Future Arrival Management
		5.1 Shifting Air Traffic Control Flow to Time-Based Traffic Management
		5.2 Uncertainties in Time Management Due to Pop-Up Aircraft
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of Weather Impact on Flight Efficiency for Stockholm Arlanda Airport Arrivals
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Related Work
		2.2 Weather Phenomena and Metrics
		2.3 KPIs
	3 Results
		3.1 Data
		3.2 Analysis of the Weather Impact on TMA Performance
		3.3 Additional Fuel Burn
	4 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
AcListant with Continuous Learning: Speech Recognition in Air Traffic Control
	1 Introduction
	2 Evolution of ASR in ATC
	3 AcListant® and AcListant®-Strips
	4 Implementation Costs
	5 ASR Towards Industrialization
	6 Conclusions and Outlook
	References
Airport Management
A Data-Driven Approach for Taxi-Time Prediction: A Case Study of Singapore Changi Airport
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview
	3 Option Extraction
		3.1 Data Preprocessing
		3.2 Standardizing Trajectory
		3.3 Clustering Using DBSCAN
	4 Feature Engineering
		4.1 Flight Basic Features
		4.2 Selected Option Features
		4.3 Traffic Features
		4.4 Weather Features
	5 Predictive Models
		5.1 Random Forest
		5.2 Predicting the Controller’s Decision
		5.3 Predicting Taxi-Time for Departure Flights
	6 Experiments and Results
		6.1 Dataset for Developing Predictive Models
		6.2 A Predictive Model for Controllers’ Decision
		6.3 A Predictive Model for Taxi-Time
	7 Conclusion and Future Work
		7.1 Conclusion
		7.2 Future Work
	References
Dealing with Adverse Weather Conditions by Enhanced Collaborative Decision Making in a TAM APOC
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Total Airport Management Research
		1.2 The PJ.04 Total Airport Management Industrial Research Project
		1.3 Solution PJ.04–02 Enhanced Airport Performance Management
	2 Deficiencies and Research Challenges
	3 Validation Design
		3.1 Research Scenarios for Oslo
		3.2 APOC Stakeholders
		3.3 Simulation Environment
		3.4 DCB & CDM Process
	4 Execution and Evidence
		4.1 Baseline and Solution Runs
		4.2 Evaluation Method
	5 Results
		5.1 Meteorological Impact Assessment
		5.2 Collaborative Process
		5.3 Demand Capacity Balancing
		5.4 Discussion
	6 Outlook
	References
Precision Approach Procedures with General Aviation Aircraft and Helicopter at Braunschweig Research Airport
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup
	3 Research Aircaft Cessna C172N
	4 Research Helicopter EC135
	5 Procedures Flown
	6 Results and Evaluation of the Trials
	7 Conclusions
	References
An Optimistic Planning Approach  for the Aircraft Landing Problem
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Description
	3 Mathematical Modeling
		3.1 Input Data
		3.2 Decision Variables
		3.3 MIP Model
	4 Optimistic Planning
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Test Instances
		5.2 Computational Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Passengers on Social Media: A Real-Time Estimator of the State  of the US Air Transportation System
	1 Introduction
	2 Dataset description and feature selection
		2.1 Dataset description
		2.2 Feature Selection on Twitter Data
	3 Estimating Delays
		3.1 Methodology
		3.2 Estimation Performance Measures
		3.3 Estimation Results
	4 Analysis and Applications
		4.1 Model Analysis
		4.2 Other Applications
	5 Conclusion
	References
Trajectory Management
A Human-In-The-Loop Simulation Study on the Requirements of Air Traffic Control Operations for Expanding Continuous Descent Operations
	1 Introduction
	2 Cdo Procedures
		2.1 CDO at Kansai International Airport
		2.2 ATC Operation for CDO
	3 Human-in-The-Loop Simulation
		3.1 Decision Support Tool for Simulation Experiments
		3.2 Participants and Scenarios
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Issues Concerning CDO-Specific ATC Operations
		4.2 Supporting ATC Operations for Expanding CDO
	5 Conclusions
	References
On the Use of Generative Adversarial Networks for Aircraft Trajectory Generation and Atypical Approach Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN)
	3 Trajectory Generation
		3.1 Aircraft Landing Trajectories
		3.2 Neural Network Structures and Learning Process
		3.3 Generated Trajectories
		3.4 Comparison with Information Geometry
	4 Anomaly Detection
		4.1 Anomaly Detection Using the Discriminator
		4.2 Anomaly Detection Using the Encoder
		4.3 Latent Space Representation
		4.4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
RRT*-Based Algorithm for Trajectory Planning Considering Probabilistic Weather Forecasts
	1 Introduction
	2 RRT: Rapidly Exploring Random Trees
		2.1 RRT Algorithm
		2.2 RRT* Algorithm
	3 Scenario Based RRT*
		3.1 SB-RRT* Expansion
		3.2 Safety of a Trajectory
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Aircraft Dynamics
		4.2 Problem Setting
		4.3 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Impact of Wind on the Predictability and Uncertainty Management of 4D-Trajectories
	1 Introduction and Justification
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Scenario Characterization
		2.2 The 4D-Trajectory Model
		2.3 The Wind Model
		2.4 Monte Carlo Simulation
		2.5 The Estimation of Target-Windows
	3 Results and Conclusions
	ANNEX I: List of Acronyms, Abbreviations and Parameters for Calculations and Equations
	References
Towards Automatic Trajectory Modification for Reducing Air Traffic Complexity Using an ATC Difficulty Index
	1 Introduction
	2 Difficulty Index
		2.1 Motivation for Constructing a Difficulty Index
		2.2 Pairwise Difficulty Index
		2.3 Expansion to Routes with TCP
		2.4 Modification of Difficulty Functions
	3 Concept of an Automatic Trajectory Modification Advisory System
		3.1 Objectives
		3.2 Concept of Simulation System
		3.3 DI Estimation Process
		3.4 Threat Detection Process
		3.5 Trajectory Modification Process
	4 Current Status and Future Works
		4.1 Sample Simulation Scenario
		4.2 Open Issues for Algorithms
	5 Summary and Concluding Remarks
	References
Communication, Navigation and Surveillance
Air/Ground SWIM Integration to Achieve Information Collaborative Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 A/G SWIM Concept
		2.1 Overview
		2.2 Technical Framework
	3 A/G Swim Integration
		3.1 System Architecture
		3.2 Information Exchange
	4 Practical Validation
		4.1 Test System
		4.2 Validation
		4.3 Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Simple Note on Shadowing Effects and Multipath Propagation for CNS
	1 Introduction
	2 Shadowing and RCS
	3 Edge Diffraction and Blockage Probability
	4 Example Measurements of Shadowing
	5 Travelling Waves and Shadowing Examples
	6 Conclusion
	References
ADS-B Coverage Design in Mountainous Terrain
	1 Introduction
	2 Coverage Design Requirements
	3 Physical Optics-Based Simulation
	4 Simulation Results and Discussion
	5 Radio Siting Algorithm
	6 Coverage Improvement with Additional ADS-B Receiver Locations
	7 Summary and Future Work
	References
Nearfield Inspection of Navigation Systems with UAVs—First Results from the NAVANT Project
	1 Introduction
	2 Nearfield Measurement of Navigation Systems
	3 System Architecture
	4 Measurement Requirements and Features of the UAV
	5 Measurement Setup and Results
		5.1 Phase Variations
		5.2 Hovering Flights of the UAV
		5.3 Planar Scan Example
		5.4 Assessment of the Mounted Probe Performance
	6 Conclusion
	References