AIDS in Africa

Preliminaries......Page 1
Contributors......Page 8
Foreword......Page 12
Preface......Page 14
Acknowledgments......Page 16
Table of Contents......Page 18
Introduction: The Etiology of AIDS......Page 22
The Molecular Virology of HIV-1......Page 32
Immunopathogenesis of AIDS......Page 55
Effect of Genetic Variation on HIV Transmission and Progression to AIDS......Page 73
Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2)......Page 95
Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses and the Origin of HIVs......Page 125
Serodiagnosis of HIV Infection......Page 142
Molecular Diagnosis of HIV Infection......Page 159
Monitoring HIV-1 Subtype Distribution......Page 179
Monitoring Viral Load......Page 194
Monitoring Immune Function......Page 206
The Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS......Page 221
Transmission of HIV......Page 238
Role of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in HIV-Transmission......Page 252
Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV......Page 272
HIV-1 Subtypes and Recombinants......Page 284
Current Estimates and Projections for the Epidemic......Page 302
Clinical Diagnosis of AIDS and HIV-Related Diseases......Page 318
Antiretroviral Therapy in Resource-Limited Settings......Page 343
HIV-1 Drug Resistance......Page 366
Opportunistic Infections......Page 376
Tuberculosis......Page 394
HIV Infection and Cancer......Page 407
Challenges and Opportunities for Nurses......Page 426
Home-Based Care......Page 432
Nutrition and HIV Infection......Page 440
Access to HIV and AIDS Care......Page 457
Diagnosis of Pediatric HIV Infection......Page 479
Treatment of HIV in Children Using Antiretroviral Drugs......Page 490
Pediatric Opportunistic Infections......Page 501
Male Condoms and Circumcision......Page 519
Female Condoms and Microbicides......Page 527
Behavioral Change: Goals and Means......Page 535
Voluntary Counseling and Testing......Page 548
Prevention of Perinatal Transmission of HIV......Page 560
Prevention of Breast Milk Transmission of HIV......Page 581
Postexposure Prophylaxis for Occupational Exposure and Sexual Assault......Page 592
The Need for a Vaccine......Page 605
HIV Vaccines: Design and Development......Page 615
HIV-1 Vaccine Testing, Trial Design, and Ethics......Page 633
Regional Variations in the African Epidemics......Page 652
Human Rights and HIV/AIDS......Page 662
Gender and HIV/AIDS......Page 675
The Orphan Crisis......Page 685
The Economics of AIDS in Africa......Page 697
International Cooperation and Mobilization......Page 716