Agriculture and the environment: papers presented at the International Conference on Agriculture and the Environment, 1991

Front Cover......Page 1
Agriculture and the Environment......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
Abstract......Page 8
Introduction......Page 9
Factors endangering global sustainability......Page 10
Potential solutions to sustainable development in agriculture and natural resource management......Page 16
References......Page 24
Introduction......Page 28
Part 1. Definition of efficiency......Page 30
Part 2. The efficiency of economies......Page 33
Other factors that can contribute to reduction in efficiency......Page 42
Part 3. Efficiency of agriculture......Page 47
Economic vs. energy analysis......Page 54
References......Page 55
Introduction......Page 58
Changes in the tropical forest landscape......Page 61
Need for sustainable tropical landscapes......Page 68
References......Page 70
Introduction......Page 72
The setting......Page 73
Conflicting pressures about trees......Page 74
Farm-level strategies to conserve trees......Page 75
Indigenous agroforestry in perspective......Page 78
References......Page 80
Introduction......Page 82
Agromineral resource assessments......Page 83
Biogeochemical cycling and agricultural practices......Page 87
Agricultural chemicals and the hydrogeologic interface......Page 89
Agriculture, land degradation, and the geosciences......Page 90
Minimally processed and ion-exchange agrominerals......Page 91
Summary......Page 92
References......Page 93
Introduction......Page 96
Land degradation and agricultural growth model......Page 98
Land degradation and area change......Page 100
Summary and conclusions......Page 101
References......Page 103
Abstract......Page 108
References......Page 115
Introduction......Page 116
Why the interest in sustainability......Page 117
The choice and meaning of the term 'sustainable agriculture......Page 118
Two critical issues regarding agricultural sustainability......Page 121
References......Page 123
Definitions and concepts......Page 126
Integrated farming systems......Page 128
Commonalities and differences among agroecosystems......Page 131
Simulation model of agroecosystems......Page 135
Practical tools for developing sustainable agricultural systems......Page 139
Socio-economic inputs into the development of sustainable agriculturalsystems......Page 142
Implementation of sustainable agricultural systems research......Page 144
References......Page 145
Introduction......Page 150
Challenges in research......Page 152
New directions in education......Page 155
Designing the future......Page 159
References......Page 160
Introduction......Page 162
Science-led development......Page 163
Socio-ecological developmental paradigm......Page 165
Issues......Page 168
Proposed systems protocol......Page 169
References......Page 171
Introduction......Page 174
Growing concerns with industrialization of agriculture......Page 175
A new paradigm for agriculture......Page 178
Sustainability: a systems concept......Page 180
Synergism: the key to sustainability......Page 182
Knowledge: the key to systems management......Page 184
References......Page 187
Introduction......Page 188
Measuring sustainability......Page 192
Policy analysis......Page 194
References......Page 200
Introduction......Page 202
The social origins of sustainable agriculture......Page 204
The future of sustainable agriculture......Page 207
The need to diversify the approach to sustainable agriculture......Page 209
Conclusions......Page 212
References......Page 213
Introduction......Page 214
Pesticide parameters......Page 215
Soil parameters......Page 218
Pesticide selection criteria......Page 222
References......Page 223
Introduction......Page 224
Study area and methods......Page 227
Results and discussion......Page 229
Acknowledgments......Page 240
References......Page 241
Introduction......Page 244
NPS loads in the Chesapeake Basin......Page 245
Control programs......Page 247
Progress......Page 248
References......Page 249
Introduction......Page 250
Evaluation of agricultural best management practices for water quality......Page 253
Conclusions......Page 257
References......Page 258
Abstract......Page 260
Introduction......Page 261
The EIL concept......Page 263
Environmental EILs......Page 266
Acknowledgments......Page 269
References......Page 270
Introduction......Page 272
Problems associated with pesticide use......Page 273
Constraints to IPM adoption......Page 274
Reorganizing to address constraints......Page 279
Acknowledgment......Page 281
References......Page 282
Introduction......Page 284
Biodiversity and pest management......Page 285
Ecological theory and pest management in polycultures......Page 286
Diversity improved pest management systems for traditional farmers......Page 294
Linking soil conservation and pest management in Central America......Page 295
Conclusions......Page 296
References......Page 298
Introduction......Page 300
Extent of pesticide use......Page 301
Crop losses to pests and changes in agricultural technologies......Page 302
Estimated agricultural benefits/costs with a reduction in pesticide use......Page 304
Environmental impacts......Page 310
Conclusion......Page 311
Acknowledgments......Page 312
References......Page 313
Introduction......Page 316
Legislation......Page 317
Inundative weed biocontrol......Page 319
Classical biocontrol......Page 321
The impact of classical weed biocontrol......Page 322
New directions for classical weed biocontrol......Page 325
Responsibilities of classical biocontrol user groups......Page 326
References......Page 328
Introduction......Page 332
Cassava pests in Africa......Page 333
Plant and pest phenology......Page 337
Cassava pest management in Africa......Page 339
A sustainable plant protection research philosophy......Page 340
Cassava plant protection technologies......Page 341
Implementation......Page 345
Cassava plant protection in West Africa: a model program......Page 346
Conclusion......Page 347
References......Page 348
Author Index......Page 352
Announcement from the Publisher......Page 354