Agribusiness for Economic Growth in Africa: Practical Models for Tackling Poverty (Palgrave Advances in Bioeconomy: Economics and Policies)

Preface
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Contextual Issues on Agribusiness
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Agribusiness in Africa
	1.3 Economic, Pro-poor, and Inclusive Growth
	1.4 Poverty in Africa and Typologies of Poverty Reduction Strategies
		1.4.1 The Poverty Situation in Africa
		1.4.2 Typologies of Poverty Reduction Strategies
			Unconditional Cash-Transfers
			Conditional Cash-Transfers
			In-kind Transfer Schemes
			Public Works Programmes
	1.5 Concluding Remarks
	References
2 Agri-food and Agribusiness Systems
	2.1 Agri-food Systems
	2.2 Agribusiness Systems
	2.3 Agri-food Systems and Agribusiness Linkages
	2.4 Agriculture-Economics-Business Blend
	2.5 Agribusiness in Economic Development
	2.6 Concluding Remarks
	References
3 Farming as a Business
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Characteristics of Agricultural Goods Versus Manufactured Goods
	3.3 Steps in the Production Process
	3.4 Balances in Sustainable Production
	3.5 Large-, Medium-, and Small-Scale Farms as Businesses
	3.6 Areas of Responsibility for Agripreneurs
		3.6.1 Farm Management
		3.6.2 Strategic Planning
		3.6.3 Resource Mobilization and Allocation
		3.6.4 Economic Value Addition
		3.6.5 Financial Documentation
		3.6.6 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL)
	3.7 Concluding Remarks
	References
4 Unpacking Supply and Value Chains in Agriculture
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Components of Agricultural Supply and Value Chains
	4.3 Sustainable Commodity Supply and Value Chains
	4.4 Risks Associated with Agri-food Supply and Value Chains
	4.5 Agri-food Supply Chains and Traceability Systems
	4.6 Drivers of Food Systems Traceability in Agri-food Supply and Value Chains
	4.7 Benefits of Food Traceability Systems (FTSs)
	4.8 Barriers in Implementing Effective Food Traceability and Tracking System
	4.9 Concluding Remarks
	References
5 Agro-industries as Anchors of Agribusiness
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Importance and Emerging Potentials of Agro-industries in Value Chains and Agribusiness Development
	5.3 Backward and Forward Linkage Agro-industries
	5.4 Vertical and Horizontal Integration of Agro-firms
	5.5 Challenges Faced by Agro-industries in Africa
		5.5.1 Inadequate Supply of Raw Material (Quantity and Quality)
		5.5.2 Insufficient and Unstable Supply of Energy
		5.5.3 Inadequate Infrastructure
		5.5.4 Lack of Financial Support
		5.5.5 Market Uncertainties and Other Prevalent Risks
		5.5.6 Low Quality and Skilled Labor
		5.5.7 Poor Policy Environment and Corruption
	5.6 Concluding Remarks
	References
6 Agribusiness Sustainability for Inclusive Growth
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Policy Interventions for Sustainable Agribusiness Development
	6.3 Commodity Characterization, Production Constraints, and Competitiveness
		6.3.1 Commodity Characterization
		6.3.2 Production Constraints
		6.3.3 Issues of Competitiveness
	6.4 Enhancing Productivity and Competitiveness for Agribusiness Growth
		6.4.1 Yield Gaps
		6.4.2 Productivity Enhancing Practices
			Seed Selection
			Land Selection and Preparation
			Nursery Practices
			Watering and Fertilization
			Weed Control
			Pests Control
			Diseases Control
		6.4.3 Efficient Use of Technologies
		6.4.4 Knowledge and Information Transfer
		6.4.5 Opportunities for Reducing Average Production Costs
			Adoption of Improved Varieties
			Subsidies
			Fencing of Farms
			Establishment of Mechanization Centers
			Establishment of FBOs
			Credit Negotiations
			Knowledge and Information Sharing
			Use of Improved Production Technologies
			Use of Organic Manure
		6.4.6 Opportunities for Crop Rotation
	6.5 Factors to Consider in Promoting Sustainable Agribusinesses for Inclusive Growth
		6.5.1 Knowledge on Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs)
		6.5.2 Access to Information
		6.5.3 Access to Technology
			Improved Seeds
			Labor Saving Technologies
			Land Saving Technologies
			Water Saving Technologies
			Climate Smart Agriculture Technologies
			Information Communication Technologies (ICT)
		6.5.4 Access to Financing
			Land Preparation
			Inputs
		6.5.5 Access to Improved Infrastructure
			Production Infrastructure Needs
			Transport Infrastructure Needs
			Market Infrastructure Needs
	6.6 Concluding Remarks
	References
7 Financing Agri-food Systems and Agribusinesses
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 The Importance of Finance in Agribusiness
	7.3 The Current State of Agribusiness Financing
		7.3.1 Agribusiness Financing in Africa—The Case of Ghana
		7.3.2 Agribusiness Financing in South Asia—The Case of India
	7.4 Financial Analysis in Agribusiness
		7.4.1 Financial Performance Indicators
			Reward for Owner/Operator Input
			Asset Valuation
			Return to Total Assets
			Owner’s Equity
			Return to Equity
			Expenditure to Income Ratio
			Debt to Income Ratio
		7.4.2 Business Profitability
		7.4.3 Risk Management
	7.5 Advancing Pro-poor Approaches to Leveraging Agribusinesses for Inclusive Development
		7.5.1 Pro-poor Budgeting
		7.5.2 Plug-in Financial Assistance
		7.5.3 The Microfinance Model
	7.6 Institutional Structures and Arrangements for Success
		7.6.1 Improve Access to Finance
		7.6.2 Enhance Infrastructure
		7.6.3 Promote Consumption of Local Food Commodities
		7.6.4 Incubate Agribusinesses
		7.6.5 Waiver Taxes
		7.6.6 Enforce Laws on Standards
	7.7 Concluding Remarks
	References
8 Ethical Issues in Agribusiness
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Intellectual Property Law
		8.2.1 Trademarks
		8.2.2 Patents
		8.2.3 Industrial Designs
	8.3 Legal Issues in Breakthrough Technologies
	8.4 General Codes of Best Practices
	8.5 Concluding Remarks
	References
9 Agribusiness Models for Tackling Poverty
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Agricultural Development
		9.2.1 The Frontier Model
		9.2.2 The Conservation Model
		9.2.3 The Urban-Industrial Impact Model
		9.2.4 The Diffusion Model
		9.2.5 The High Payoff Input Model
	9.3 Business Models
		9.3.1 Market Led Business Model
		9.3.2 Input Dealer Led Business Model
		9.3.3 Nucleus Farmer/Processor Led Business Model
		9.3.4 Supermarket Led Business Model
	9.4 Integrated Agribusiness Model for Poverty Reduction
		9.4.1 Actor Profiling and Mapping
		9.4.2 Financial Services Provisioning
		9.4.3 Inputs Delivery
		9.4.4 Mechanizations Services Delivery
		9.4.5 Knowledge and Information Delivery
		9.4.6 Market Services Delivery
		9.4.7 Transport Services Delivery
	9.5 Institutional Arrangements for Success
		9.5.1 MDAs and Their Respective Roles
		9.5.2 Public Private Partnerships for Infrastructure and Markets
		9.5.3 Research, Knowledge, and Technology Transfer Arrangements
	9.6 Business Arrangements, Measures, and Instruments for Success
	9.7 Concluding Remarks
	References