African Americans and the Politics of Congressional Redistricting (Race and Politics)

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 10
Acknowledgments......Page 12
Tables and Figures......Page 13
NEWLY ACQUIRED BLACK POLITICAL POWER......Page 16
OVERVIEW OF THE BOOK......Page 20
PART I Politics of Exclusion and Politics of Congressional Redistricting......Page 23
THE RACIAL GAP: A CONTRAST IN BLACK AND WHITE......Page 24
HISTORY OF THE BLACK STRUGGLE FOR EQUALITY......Page 27
RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION......Page 28
SECOND RECONSTRUCTION......Page 32
THE CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS......Page 33
REPRESENTATION THEORY......Page 37
THE URBAN UNDERCLASS......Page 38
CONSERVATIVE OPPOSITION TO RACE-BASED DISTRICTING......Page 40
CONCLUSION......Page 42
NOTES......Page 43
CHAPTER 3 Pander, Slander, Gerrymander......Page 46
THE CENSUS AND REAPPORTIONMENT......Page 47
FEDERAL AND STATE REDISTRICTING REQUIREMENTS......Page 49
VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965......Page 51
NORTH CAROLINA REDISTRICTING IN THE 1990s......Page 53
REPUBLICAN STRATEGY......Page 55
BLACK POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT IN NORTH CAROLINA......Page 56
ADOPTION OF THE FIRST CONGRESSIONAL PLAN......Page 59
NOTES......Page 68
CHAPTER 4 Redistricting, Round Two: North Carolina Legislators Are Required to Create a Second Majority-Minority District......Page 71
THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE’S RESPONSE TO THE ENACTED PLAN......Page 73
PUBLIC REACTION TO THE ADOPTED PLAN......Page 74
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE’S REJECTION OF THE ENACTED PLAN......Page 75
STATE LEGISLATORS GO BACK TO THE DRAWING BOARD......Page 77
TWO MAJORITY BLACK DISTRICT ALTERNATIVES PRESENTED TO THE LEGISLATURE......Page 78
ORIGIN OF THE 1–85 DISTRICT......Page 80
SUBMISSION OF PLAN TO U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE......Page 84
CONCLUSION......Page 87
Redistricting and Democracy......Page 88
NOTES......Page 92
PART II Court Litigation Surrounding Redistricting and Standards of Congressional Redistricting......Page 105
U.S. SUPREME COURT DECISIONS IN THE 1980s......Page 106
VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1982 AND ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS ISSUED......Page 107
BACKGROUND TO REDISTRICTING LAWSUITS IN NORTH CAROLINA IN THE 1990s......Page 108
LAWSUITS ARISING OUT OF THE INITIALLY ADOPTED PLAN......Page 109
NOTES......Page 123
SOUTHERN STATES THAT HAVE CREATED MAJORITY-MINORITY DISTRICTS FOR THE FIRST TIME THIS CENTURY......Page 126
RECENT COURT CHALLENGES TO MAJORITY-MINORITY DISTRICTS AROUND THE COUNTRY......Page 134
U.S. SUPREME COURT RULINGS ON MAJORITY-MINORITY DISTRICTS THROUGHOUT THE SOUTH......Page 135
CONCLUSION......Page 142
NOTES......Page 144
POPULATION EQUALITY, COMPACTNESS, AND CONTIGUITY......Page 146
EQUAL POPULATION......Page 147
RESPECT FOR POLITICAL BOUNDARIES......Page 148
CONTIGUITY AND COMPACTNESS......Page 149
COMPACTNESS......Page 150
COMMUNITIES OF INTEREST......Page 154
ALTERNATIVE PLANS PRESENTED TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY......Page 157
NOTES......Page 159
CHAPTER 8 Calculating Compactness in North Carolina Plans......Page 162
MEASURES OF COMPACTNESS......Page 163
Comparison of Urban Districts......Page 167
Comparison of Rural Districts......Page 172
CONCLUSION......Page 177
NOTES......Page 179
CHAPTER 9 Conclusion: The Case for Majority Black Districts Remains Compelling......Page 180
INCUMBENCY EFFECT AND RACIALLY POLARIZED VOTING......Page 185
THE MYTH OF CONTIGUITY AND COMPACTNESS......Page 187
THE UNFINISHED BUSINESS OF RACIAL EQUALITY......Page 191
NOTES......Page 192
BOOKS......Page 193
ARTICLES......Page 195
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES......Page 196
COURT CASES AND OTHER GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS......Page 197
OTHER SOURCES......Page 199
Index......Page 201