Advances in Tourism, Technology and Systems: Selected Papers from ICOTTS20 , Vol. 1

Editorial
Contents
About the Editors
Drivers of Productivity in the Portuguese Nature Tourism Industry
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data
		3.2 Model Specification
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions and Policy Implications
	Appendix
	References
Decentralized Application for the Classification of Hotels Based on IPFS and Blockchain
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
	3 Application Modules
	4 Database Model
	5 General System Requirements
	6 Functional Model Based on Use Cases
	7 Architecture
	8 Component Diagram
	9 Deployment Diagram
	10 Results
	11 Conclusions
	References
Study on the Agricultural Products of the Towns Loja and Catamayo as a Historical Contribution on the Ecuadorian Gastronomy
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 State of Art
		2.1 Food Heritage
		2.2 Food as a Cultural Social Fact
		2.3 Food Products
		2.4 Ancestral Food Products
		2.5 Traditional Food Products
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Virtual Reality as Tool for Resilient Tourism Companies
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Framework
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Source Identification
		3.2 Data Collection
	4 Virtual Reality and Resilience in Touristic Companies in La Fortuna Around Arenal Volcano National Parks
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Society 5.0 as a Contribution to the Sustainable Development Report
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review and Theoretical
		2.1 Background
		2.2 Sustainable Development: From the Brudtland Report to Agenda 2030
		2.3 SDGs for Sustainability in Industry
	3 Conclusion
	References
The Impacts of Sport Tourism Events: The Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series Case in the Azores Islands
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Impacts of Sports Tourism Events
	3 Methodology
	4 Main Results
		4.1 Analysis of Expenditure
		4.2 Analysis of Satisfaction with the Event
		4.3 Impacts of Red Bull Cliff Diving on Respondents’ Perceptions
	5 Conclusions
	References
Measuring Tourism in Natural Parks
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Findings
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Results ComOn Project: Bulgaria, Poland, Portugal and Spain
	Abstract
	1 Methodology
		1.1 General Considerations
		1.2 Specific Considerations
	2 Country Results and Outcomes from ComOn Implementation
		2.1 Feedback and Findings from Learners
		2.2 Feedback from the Expert Groups
	3 Conclusions and Next Steps
	Acknowledgements
	References
Activating Templar Heritage: Tourism, Narrative Strategies and Information Technologies
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Defining Military Tourism
		2.2 State of the Art
	3 Topic Development
		3.1 Making a Case for Narrative Renewal
		3.2 Methodology
	4 Discussion/Findings
		4.1 Survey of Functional Requirements
		4.2 Analysis and Design
		4.3 Prototype Development
		4.4 Verification, Validation and Testing
		4.5 Information System Management
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Roadmap for Integrated Green Health EcoTourism Infrastructures, Safe Cultural Heritage Experience and AgriTourism Destinations in the Post Covid-19 Pandemic Era
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Web Project Management Utilities at Tourism Destinations
	3 Health Policy for Efficient Environmental Resources’ Management of Green Health Ecotourism – Agritourism Infrastructures
	4 Conclusions
	References
The Relevance of Internet as an Information Source on the Accessible Tourism Market
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Relevance and Specificities of the Accessible Tourism Market
		1.2 Internet as an Information Source for the Accessible Tourism Market
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Data Collection Methods
		2.2 Data Analysis Methods
	3 Findings
		3.1 Sample Profile
		3.2 The Use of Internet as an Information Source
	4 Conclusions and Implications
	Acknowledgments
	References
The Influence of Tourist Photographic Narratives and Communication on Social Networks from the Perspective of Creative Tourism
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Photographic Narratives and Stereotypes
	3 Social Networks
	4 Creative Tourism
	5 Metholodogy and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgement
	References
Competitiveness of the Travel and Tourism Industry in Latin America
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The World Travel and Tourism Report
	3 Industry T&T de Latin American
	4 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of the T&T Industry Competitiveness Index for Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru for the Period 2007–2019
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods and Resources
	3 Results and Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
Social Consciousness and Critical Thinking: Reconciling Social Entrepreneurship and Transformative Education
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Social Entrepreneurship and the Human Dimension of Social Formation
	3 The Importance of the Critical Thinking to the Education for Social Entrepreneurship
	4 Social Entrepreneurship and the Respect for Local Cultural Knowledge
	5 Contextualising Education to (Trans)Form Our Students
	6 Conclusion
	References
Role of the Industry 4.0 in the Wine Production and Enotourism Sectors
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The Wine-Making Sector in Portugal
	3 Identification of the Main Problems in the Wine-Making Sector
	4 Industry 4.0
	5 The Importance of Industry 4.0 in the Wine Industry
	6 Simulation as a Support Tool for Decision-Making
	7 Industry 4.0 and Enotourism
	8 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Popular Sweets in Douro Valley
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Products, Prescription, and Dissemination: Confectionery
	3 The Order of Saint Clare and Its Presence in Lamego
		3.1 Iberian Monasticism
		3.2 Female Monasticism
	4 Popular Sweets in Lamego
	5 Popular Sweets in Vila Real
	6 Conclusions
	Acknowledgement
	References
Supply Diversification and Coopetition in Rural Tourism
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Rural Tourism
	3 Diversification of Tourism Offer
	4 Strategies in Coopetitive Networks
	5 Methodology and Context
	6 Results
	7 Final Considerations and Next Steps
	Acknowledgement
	References
Residents’ Perceived Impacts of LGBT Tourism: A Cluster Analysis
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The Impacts of Tourism in General, and LGBT Tourism in Particular
	3 Methodology
	4 Study Area
	5 Results
		5.1 General Data and Impacts of LGBT Tourism in the Northern Region
		5.2 Cluster Analysis
	6 Conclusions and Policy Implications
	Acknowledgement
	References
Sport Tourism Event and Perceived Economic Impacts: The Case of World Bodyboard Championship 2018, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Sports Tourism Events and Economic Impacts Measurement
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection and Analysis
		3.2 Sample Profile
	4 Data Presentation and Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgment
	References
The Potential of Nautical Tourism as a Strategic Product for Regional Tourism Development: The Case of Alto Minho and Esposende, Northwest Portugal
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgement
	References
Analyzing Tourism Agents’ Perceptions of the Use of Artificial Intelligence
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Data Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
A Framework for Customer-Oriented Solution Applied to the Tourism Sector
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Framework Description
		2.1 Basic Framework Components
		2.2 Operational Flow
		2.3 Autonomy and Control Structures
		2.4 Metrics Tree Model
	3 Related Work
	4 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
The Importance of Cycling Sports in Regional Tourism – The Case of Volta a Portugal em Bicicleta, Mondim de Basto Stage
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Objective and Research Hypotheses
		3.2 Data Collection
		3.3 Statistical Data Processing Techniques
	4 Presentation and Analysis of Results
		4.1 Profile of Participants in the Questionnaire
		4.2 Estimation of Direct and Secondary Economic Impact
		4.3 Validation of Research Hypotheses
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Maturity Models as Instruments for the Optimization of Electronic Business in the Tourism Industry
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 E-Business in Tourism Industry
	3 Maturity Models
		3.1 E-Business Maturity Models
	4 E-Business Maturity Model Appliable to Tourism Agencies
		4.1 Success Factors and Barriers in E-Business Tourism Agencies
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
Positive and Negative Social-Cultural, Economic and Environmental Impacts of Tourism on Residents
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Sociology of Tourism
	4 Tourism and the Residents
		4.1 Impacts of Tourism in the Residents
		4.2 Economic Impacts
		4.3 Sociocultural Impacts
		4.4 Environmental Impacts
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Using Customer Segmentation to Build a Hybrid Recommendation Model
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Private Transfer Company
		3.1 Business Understanding
		3.2 Dataset Analysis
		3.3 Customer Segmentation
	4 Classification Models
		4.1 Data Preparation
		4.2 Baseline Models
		4.3 Building the Hybrid Models
	References
Senior Tourism Activities and Interests in the Azores as a Destination
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions and Implications
	Funding
	References
Senior Tourism: Concerns and Satisfaction with the Trip
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Travel Concerns
		3.2 Satisfaction with the Trip
	4 Conclusions
	Funding
	References
Jellyfish Swarms and Degree of Exposure and Vulnerability of Recreational and Tourist Activities on Beaches. Methodological Approach to Their Assessment in the Lagos-Ferrara Sector (Málaga, Spain)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Analysis of Possible Short-Term Consequences
		2.2 Analysis of Long-Term Consequences
	3 Results
		3.1 Short Term Analysis
		3.2 Long-Term Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
Accessible Tourism: Stakeholders Perspective in the City of Braga
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Accessible Tourism - Conceptual and Holistic Framework
	3 Building an Accessible Tourism Destination
	4 Methodology
	5 Results
	6 Final Considerations and Next Steps
	References
Is Wine Tourism a Niche Tourism? Antecedents and Consequences of Wine as a Niche Tourism, a Conceptual Model
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Special Interest Tourism (SIT) and Wine Tourism
	3 The Wine and the Tourism Sectors Sector in Portugal
		3.1 Wine Product
		3.2 Winescape in Wine Tourism
		3.3 Main Motivations of Wine Tourist
	4 Conceptual Model Proposed
	5 Final Considerations and Next Steps
	Acknowledgment
	References
Sports and Emotions in Tourism Marketing Management: A Preliminary Study in Football in Portugal
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Tourism and Marketing Segmentation
		2.1 Sports Marketing and Tourism
		2.2 Emotions and Affection
	3 Methodology
	4 Final Considerations
	References
Movie Tourism and Attracting New Tourists in the Post-pandemic Period: A Niche Marketing Perspective
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Tourism Segmentation and New Trends
		2.1 Perspectives and Impacts of Movie Tourism
			2.1.1 Location
			2.1.2 Performance
			2.1.3 Personality
			2.1.4 Authenticity
		2.2 Internal Motivations
	3 Methodology and Best Practices
		3.1 “Tu Podes, Visita Portugal”: Portuguese Campaign
		3.2 “Chegou O Tempo!”: Turismo Do Centro Campaign
	4 Final Considerations
	Acknowledgement
	References
The Four Dimensions of Tourist Experience: A Comparative Analysis Between Camping and Glamping
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The Tourist Experience
		2.1 The Experience of Camping and Glamping
	3 Method
	4 Results
		4.1 Quantitative Study
		4.2 Qualitative Data
		4.3 Comparing Camping and Glamping
	5 Conclusions
	References
Blockchain Towards Supply Chain Management
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Blockchain Technology (BcT): Overview
		2.1 BcT Key-Concepts
		2.2 BcT Trust, Privacy and Security
	3 The Supply Chain Management (SCM)
		3.1 Advantages of Adopting BcT in the SCM
		3.2 BcT Key Solutions Towards SCM Challenges
	4 Blockchain Applied to the Textile Supply Chain Management
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Weather Variability Control in Three Colombian Airports
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Analysis and Data Collection
	4 Methodology
	5 Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
Usability and Accessibility of Institutional Websites in Demarcated Wine Regions: The Cases of Vinhos Verdes and Douro
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The Wine Tourism
		2.1 The Demarcated Regions
	3 Method and Data Collection: Case Study
		3.1 Qualitative Analysis from the User’s Perspective
		3.2 Quantitative Analysis
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Gamification, Serious Games and Simulations: Experiences and Contributions of International Projects in Higher Education
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Gamification, Serious Games and Simulations
	3 Business Simulation in Higher Education in Portugal
	4 International Projects
		4.1 YBS - Your Business Success
		4.2 ELSE – Eco/Logical Learning and Simulation Environments in Higher Education
	5 Conclusions
	References
The Laboratory of the Forest: Social, just and Sustainable Management of the Amazon on Focus
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Social Justice and the Mission of the Laboratory of the Forest
	3 The Importance of Social Entrepreneurship and Transformative Education for the Forest People
	4 The Challenges of Building a New Social Impact Business
	5 Conclusion
	References
Nature-Based Tourism Travel Planning: A Generational Approach
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Development of the Measuring Instrument
		2.2 Data Collection
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Tourism Industry: A Systematic Review
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Plan of the Systematic Literature Review
		3.1 Research Questions
		3.2 Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
		3.3 Quality Criteria
		3.4 Data Source
		3.5 Search String
	4 Execution of the Systematic Literature Review
		4.1 Data Extraction
		4.2 Data Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
The Restrictions on Travel of Elderly Tourists and Their Mitigation by Facilitators and Negotiation Strategies
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Travel Facilitators, Anticipation, and Intervention Negotiation Strategies
		2.2 Conclusion
	References
Exploring Pilgrim’s Satisfaction and Emotions Derived from the Camino de Santiago Pilgrimage Route
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 The Camino de Santiago
		2.2 Satisfaction with the Camino de Santiago
		2.3 Emotions felt on the Camino de Santiago
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Pilgrim’s Profile
		4.2 Satisfaction and Emotion
	5 Conclusions and Implications
	References
Creative Industrial Tourism in Alentejo: The Case of the Estremoz Anticlinal Marble Route’
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Industrial Tourism and Creative Tourism
	3 Methodology
	4 The Estremoz Anticlinal Marble Route’ (EAMR)
		4.1 The CEHAP Institution
		4.2 The Marble History in the Region
		4.3 The EAMR Service
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Wine and Food Tourism Gamification. Exploratory Study in Peso da Régua
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Tourism Destination
		2.2 Gamification and Storytelling
			2.2.1 Gamification
			2.2.2 Tourism Gamification
			2.2.3 Storytelling
		2.3 Cultural Heritage
		2.4 Wine and Food Tourism
		2.5 Tourism Experience
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Crossing Borders in Cultural Heritage Management Training in Higher Education – The Case of E-Cul-Tours
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 E-CUL-TOURS – Managing Cultural Heritage in Tourism
		2.1 Background and Intended Outputs
		2.2 Intensive Study Programs (ISP)
	3 Intensive Study Program: Aveiro
	4 Final Thoughts
	References
The Strategic Management Process in a Border Destination: The Eurocity Chaves-Verín
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Tourism Relevance
		2.2 The Eurocity Chaves-Verín
		2.3 The Tourist Products of Eurocity Chaves-Verín
		2.4 Thermal Heritage of Eurocity Chaves-Verín
		2.5 Border Tourism
		2.6 Health and Wellness Tourism
		2.7 Case Study
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
A Content Analysis of Social Media in Tourism During the Covid-19 Pandemic
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
	3 Methodology
	4 Analysis and Discussion of Results
		4.1 Analysis of the Documentary Corpus
		4.2 Answers to Guiding Questions
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	Acknowledgements
	References
A Longitudinal Study About Mobile Applications in the Tourism Sector
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
	3 Methodology
	4 Analysis and Discussion of Results
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	Acknowledgements
	References
Smuggling Tourism in the North of Portugal and Galicia
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Smuggling
		2.2 History of Smuggling
		2.3 Smuggling Tourism
		2.4 Smuggling Routes
		2.5 Border
		2.6 Emigration
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Resident-Tourist Relationship and Tourismphobia: The Case of Porto
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Tourism Impacts Perceived by the Local Community
		2.2 Interaction Between Residents and Visitors
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 Sample Profile
		4.2 Resident-Visitor Relationship
		4.3 Tourism Impacts on the Local Community
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
Author Index