Advances in Textile Waste Water Treatments (Sustainable Textiles: Production, Processing, Manufacturing & Chemistry)

Contents
About the Editor
Reuse of Salt-Containing Dyeing Effluents by Means of an Electrochemical and Ultraviolet Coupled System
	1 Introduction
	2 The Problem of Residual Dyes and Salts
	3 Methods for Colour Removal of Textile Effluents
	4 Advantages of Coupled Electrochemical–Ultraviolet Treatment
	5 Description of the EC-UV System
	6 Industrial Implementation of the EC-UV System
	7 Results of EC-UV Treatment
		7.1 Selection of the Current Density
		7.2 Results of Wastewater Colour Removal
		7.3 Results of Dyeing with Reused Salts and Water
	8 Environmental Impact of EC-UV Treatment
		8.1 Environmental Impact on the Wastewater Treatment Plant
		8.2 Environmental Impact on the Dyeing Process
	9 Conclusions
	References
Application of Sustainable and Low-Cost Sludge-Based Adsorbents for Textile Dye Degradation
	1 Introduction
		1.1 General
		1.2 Indian Tannery Sector
		1.3 Tannery Solid Waste
		1.4 Development of Indian Textile Industries
	2 Adsorption
		2.1 Adsorption Mechanism
		2.2 Types of Adsorption
		2.3 Adsorption Isotherms
		2.4 Adsorption Chemical Kinetics Modelling
		2.5 Adsorbent Precursors
		2.6 Commercial Activated Carbon
	3 Preparation of Adsorbents and Activation Methods
		3.1 Activation Methods
		3.2 Factors Affecting Activation of Adsorbent Preparation
	4 Development of Tannery Sludge-Activated Carbon
		4.1 Characterization of Tannery Sludge
		4.2 Tannery Sludge Carbon
		4.3 Comparison of Commercial Activated Carbon and Tannery Sludge Carbon
	5 Adsorption of Reactive Dyes onto Tannery Sludge-Activated Carbons: Equilibrium Kinetic Studies
		5.1 Reactive Dyes
		5.2 Adsorption Studies by Batch Mode
		5.3 Equilibrium Adsorption Isotherms
		5.4 Adsorption Kinetics
	6 Summary
	Appendix
	References
Sustainable Approach on the Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using Membrane Techniques
	1 Introduction
	2 Membrane Separation Process
	3 Microfiltration
	4 Ultrafiltration
	5 Nanofiltration
	6 Reverse Osmosis
	7 Electro Dialysis
	8 Membrane Fouling
	9 Application of Membrane for the Removal of Dye
	10 Case Study
	11 Conclusion
	12 Future Scope
	References
Dyestuff Adsorbing Natural Composites for Wastewater Treatments
	1 Introduction
	2 Wastewater Refining
		2.1 Physical Refining Methods
		2.2 Oxidative Refining Methods
		2.3 Biological Refining Methods
	3 Adsorbent Materials
		3.1 Properties
		3.2 Working Mechanism
		3.3 Advantages and Disadvantages
	4 Adsorbent Composite Production
	5 Raw Materials for Natural Adsorbents
		5.1 Clay
		5.2 Cellulose and Its Derivatives
		5.3 Chitosan and Its Derivatives
		5.4 Activated Biochars and Alternative Biomaterials
		5.5 Other Polymers
		5.6 Comparison of All Adsorbent Materials
	6 An Alternative Composite Structure Study
	7 Conclusion
	References
Treatment of Textile Waste Water Using Low-Cost and Innovative Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Nature of Textile Waste Water
	3 Classification of Textile Waste Water Treatment Methods
	4 Low-Cost Materials for Textile Waste Water Treatment
	5 Innovative Materials for Textile Waste Water Treatment
	6 Conclusion
	References
Photo-Catalytic-Assisted Method for Treating Industrial Dye House Effluents
	1 Introduction
	2 Technologies Available for Treating Dye House Effluents
		2.1 Titanium-Di-oxide as Photo-Catalyst
		2.2 Modification of Titanium-Di-oxide Photo-Catalysts Using Graphene
	3 Materials and Methods
		3.1 Work Flow Diagram
		3.2 Materials
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Sample Preparation
		4.2 Characterization of RGOT Catalyst
		4.3 Photocatalytic Activity Test
		4.4 Process Conditions for Different Reactions Using TiO2 and RGoT Catalyst
		4.5 Effluent Characteristics of Treated Sample
		4.6 Decolorisation Efficiency
	5 Conclusion
	References
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP)—Effective Innovative Treatment Methods to Degrade Textile Dye Effluent
	1 Introduction
	2 Advanced Oxidation Processes
		2.1 Types of Advanced Oxidation Process
	3 Chemical AOPs
		3.1 Ozonation
		3.2 UV AOPs
		3.3 Electrochemical Oxidation Process
		3.4 Hydrogen Peroxide
		3.5 Fenton Reagent
		3.6 Photocatalytic Reaction
	4 Physical AOPs
		4.1 Electrohydraulic Discharge (Plasma)
		4.2 Ultrasound
		4.3 Microwave
		4.4 Electron Beam
	5 Conclusion
	Appendix: Application of Sustainable and Low-Cost Sludge-Based Adsorbents for Textile Dye Degradation
	References
Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using Biochar Produced from Agricultural Waste
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Various Methodologies Available for Wastewater Treatment
		1.2 What Is Biochar?
		1.3 Properties of Biochar
		1.4 Benefits of Biochar
		1.5 Biochar Preparation
		1.6 Effluent Treatment by Utilizing Biochar as Adsorbent
		1.7 Pros of Biochar
		1.8 Cons of Biochar
		1.9 Challenges of Biochar
	2 Case Study
		2.1 Future Scope
		2.2 Conclusion
	References