Advances in Pediatrics

Cover......Page 1
Contributors......Page 6
Preface to the Second Edition......Page 16
Preface to the First Edition......Page 17
Contents......Page 18
1. Setting Up of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit......Page 25
2. Neonatal Resuscitation Programme 2010 Changes and the Way Beyond......Page 31
3. Practical Approach to Fluid and Electrolyte Management in Newborns......Page 38
4. Parenteral Nutrition in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit......Page 48
5. Feeding of Low-birth-weight Infants......Page 57
6. Acid-base balance......Page 63
7. Hemodynamic Assessment in the Newborn......Page 69
8. Apnea......Page 78
9. Birth Asphyxia and Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy......Page 87
10. Neonatal Seizures......Page 96
11. Respiratory Distress in Newborns......Page 107
12. Respiratory Distress Syndrome......Page 116
13. Mechanical Ventilation of Newborns Current Perspectives......Page 122
14. Mechanical Ventilation in Neonates......Page 127
15. High Frequency Ventilation......Page 132
16. Continuous Positive Air Pressure and Noninvasive Ventilation......Page 139
17. Neonatal Jaundice......Page 143
18. Approach to Cholestatic Jaundice in Newborn......Page 150
19. Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Neonatal Sepsis......Page 157
20. Intrauterine and Perinatal Infections-An Overview......Page 173
21. Necrotizing Enterocolitis......Page 188
22. Surgical Emergencies in the Neonate......Page 202
23. Neonatal Blood Component Therapy......Page 221
24. Anemia in Newborn......Page 232
25. Approach to Bleeding in Neonate......Page 239
26. Hypothermia in Newborns......Page 244
27. Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome......Page 253
28. Evaluation of the Hypotonic Neonate......Page 260
29. Long-term Follow-up of High-risk Babies......Page 266
30. Approach to a Newborn with Suspected Cardiac Disease......Page 273
31. Diagnostic Cardiac Evaluation of a Neonate......Page 282
32. Screening for Inborn Errors of Metabolism......Page 289
33. Retinopathy of Prematurity......Page 297
34. Facility-based Newborn Care......Page 304
35. Rational Antibiotic Therapy......Page 309
36. Adverse Drug Reactions and Pharmacovigilance......Page 313
37. Newer Antibiotics New Drugs and New Challenges in Primary Care......Page 318
38. Newer Antiviral Agents......Page 329
39. Newer Antifungal Agents A Promising Road Ahead......Page 335
40. Approach to the Child with Fever of Unknown Origin......Page 345
41. Sepsis in Children......Page 349
42. Understanding Meningococcal Disease......Page 354
43. Poliomyelitis......Page 358
44. Vaccines Against Poliomyelitis......Page 369
45. HIV in Children Clinical Features and Diagnosis......Page 375
46. Postexposure Prophylaxis and Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission......Page 397
47. Antiretroviral Therapy in Children......Page 404
48. Viral Encephalitis Including Japanese Encephalitis......Page 412
49. Influenza Vaccines......Page 428
50. Newer and Emerging Vaccines......Page 440
51. Older Vaccines Revisited......Page 446
52. Rabies Prophylaxis The Current Guidelines......Page 452
53. Infections in the Immunocompromised Hosts......Page 459
54. Health Care-Associated Infections in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit......Page 482
55. Childhood Tuberculosis......Page 487
56. Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) and Guidelines for Pediatric......Page 497
57. Multidrug Resistant Childhood Tuberculosis......Page 501
58. Childhood Tuberculosis Newer Diagnostic Tools.......Page 510
59. Biomedical Waste Management......Page 517
60. Malaria Management Guidelines......Page 527
61. Dengue Fever......Page 531
62. Chikungunya Fever......Page 542
63. Leptospirosis......Page 548
64. Toxic Shock Syndrome......Page 553
65. Rickettsial Infections in Children......Page 559
66. Acute Respiratory Tract Infections......Page 564
67. Newer Advances in Management of Hematological Malignancies......Page 589
68. Pediatric Oncology Journey from Nihilism to Cautious Optimism......Page 600
69. Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Current Perspective......Page 607
70. Management of Leukemia The Future......Page 615
71. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis......Page 636
72. Wilms Tumor......Page 643
73. Childhood Brain Tumors......Page 652
74. Neuroblastoma......Page 661
75. Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Children......Page 668
76. Malignant Bone Tumors in Children......Page 673
77. Pediatric Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma......Page 684
78. Hodgkins Lymphoma......Page 690
79. Stem Cell Transplantation......Page 695
80. Transfusion of Blood Components in Children......Page 704
81. Hemolytic Anemia......Page 718
82. Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes......Page 721
83. Aplastic Anemia......Page 732
84. Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Treatment Guidelines......Page 738
85. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation......Page 744
86. von Willebrands Disease......Page 749
87. Hemophilia......Page 757
88. Inhibitors in Hemophilia and Management......Page 769
89. Intravenous Immunoglobulin Revisited......Page 776
90. Nutritional Anemia......Page 784
91. Disorders of Platelet Function......Page 796
92. Recent Advances in the Treatment of Hemoglobinopathies......Page 801
93. Thrombophilia in Children Approach to Diagnosis and Management......Page 807
94. Pediatric Intensive Care Past, Present and Future......Page 817
95. Update on cardiopulmonary resuscitation Guidelines......Page 826
96. Rapid Response System Acute Care and PICU in 21st Century......Page 834
97. Arterial Blood Gases Systematic Approach......Page 846
98. Recognition and Management of Acute Respiratory Failure, including ARDS......Page 858
99. Newer Modes of Ventilation......Page 863
100. Acute Asthma and Asthma Like Conditions in Emergency......Page 873
101. Pediatric Septic Shock Guidelines and Beyond......Page 875
102. Disorders of Sodium Homeostasis......Page 887
103. Disorders of Magnesium and Phosphate Homeostasis......Page 893
104. Disorders of Potassium Homeostasis......Page 897
105. Intravenous Fluids in Pediatric Intensive Care Units......Page 900
106. Head Trauma in Pediatrics Role of Intensivist......Page 905
107. Newer Antiepileptic Drugs in the ICU......Page 914
108. Acute Heart Failure Is Digoxin Outdated......Page 924
109. Imaging in Tuberculosis......Page 927
Color Plates......Page 940
110. Pneumonia......Page 963
111. Role of Epinephrine, Hypertonic Saline and Steroids in Acute Bronchiolitis......Page 970
112. Management of Chronic Asthma Current Guidelines......Page 974
113. Pediatric Wheeze-Adult Asthma......Page 985
114. Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in Children, Infants and Neonates......Page 990
115. Persistent and Recurrent Pneumonia in Children......Page 1011
116. Acute Sinusitis in Pediatrics......Page 1020
117. Assessment of Critically Ill Child in the PICU......Page 1036
118. Newer Antiepileptic Drugs......Page 1041
119. Febrile Seizures Revisited......Page 1049
120. Intractable Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents......Page 1055
121. Movement Disorders in Children......Page 1062
122. Neuromuscular Disorders in Children A Clinical Approach for the Pediatricians......Page 1070
123. Acute Bacterial Meningitis Issues and Controversies......Page 1074
124. Cerebral Palsy Diagnosis, Risk Factors, Early Intervetion and Management of the Spast......Page 1084
125. Acute Flaccid Paralysis......Page 1095
126. Stroke in Children......Page 1100
127. The Autistic Spectrum Disorders......Page 1106
128. Approach to a patient with delay in language development......Page 1113
129. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders......Page 1118
130. Idiopathic Mental Backwardness......Page 1126
131. Constipation and Encopresis in Infants and Children......Page 1131
132. Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease......Page 1147
133. Pediatric Liver Transplantation......Page 1157
134. Acute Liver Failure......Page 1162
135. Acute Diarrhea......Page 1173
136. Persistent Diarrhea......Page 1180
137. Dietary Management of Celiac Disease......Page 1187
138. Probiotics Prebiotics......Page 1190
139. Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease......Page 1196
140. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children......Page 1201
141. Childhood Obesity......Page 1205
142. Growth Monitoring and Short Stature......Page 1217
143. Growth Hormone Therapy......Page 1228
144. Precocious Puberty......Page 1236
145. Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents......Page 1251
146. Disorders of Sexual Differentiation......Page 1258
147. Newborn Screening for Endocrinopathies......Page 1265
148. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescence......Page 1273
149. Diabetes Mellitus in Children A Challenge Ahead......Page 1283
150. Management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents Including Recent A......Page 1293
151. Approach to Goiter in Children......Page 1300
152. Menstrual Problems in Adolescents......Page 1305
153. Fetal Origin of Adult Disease......Page 1311
154. An Approach to Management of Rickets......Page 1318
155. Role of Zinc in Nutrition......Page 1325
156. Vitamin A and its Controversies......Page 1331
157. Trace Elements in Pediatric Nutrition......Page 1335
158. Vitamin D and its Role in Health......Page 1338
159. Malnutrition in Children......Page 1349
160. Evaluation of Renal Function......Page 1365
161. Urinary Tract Infections Current Recommendations......Page 1373
162. Acute Kidney Injury in Children......Page 1380
163. Approach to Hematuria in Children......Page 1388
164. Systemic Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents......Page 1394
165. Proteinuria......Page 1412
166. Antenatal Hydronephrosis......Page 1418
167. Management of Difficult Nephrotic Syndrome......Page 1423
168. Renal Replacement Therapy......Page 1429
169. Chronic Kidney Disease......Page 1432
170. Voiding Disorders in Children......Page 1443
171. Urolithiasis......Page 1451
172. Hereditary Nephropathies......Page 1457
173. Inguinoscrotal Swelling......Page 1463
174. Abdominal Trauma......Page 1470
175. Common Pediatric Surgical Emergencies......Page 1477
176. Common Surgical Problems for the Pediatrician in Office Practice......Page 1487
177. Pediatric Poisonings Emergency Room Assessment and Management......Page 1493
178. Common Emergency Procedures in Pediatric Office Practice......Page 1505
179. Pain and Palliative Care for the Pediatric Patient......Page 1516
180. Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in Pediatric Emergency Room......Page 1528
181. Assessment and Triage of a Sick Child in Emergency Room......Page 1539
182. Emergency Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation......Page 1546
183. Clinically Useful Classification and an Approach to Acyanotic Congenital Heart Diseas......Page 1561
184. Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease A Diagnostic Approach......Page 1571
185. Evaluation and Management of Arrhythmias in Children......Page 1581
186. Surgical Management and Outcomes of Congenital Heart Diseases......Page 1592
187. Interventional Cardiac Catheterization in Children......Page 1598
188. Clinical Examination A Forgotten Art......Page 1611
189. Rational Drug Therapy......Page 1617
190. Modern Day Office Practice Concepts and Critical Analysis......Page 1629
191. Facility Based Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses......Page 1634
192. Recent Advances in the Management of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis......Page 1651
193. Approach to a Child with Arthritis......Page 1661
194. Approach to a Child with Connective Tissue Disease......Page 1667
195. Urticaria......Page 1676
196. Pediatric Dentistry An Update......Page 1681
197. Industrialization and Globalization Negative Aspects......Page 1712
198. Anticipatory Guidance in Pediatric Oral Health......Page 1728
199. Behavioral Problems in Pediatric Patients......Page 1740
200. Psychosocial Aspects of Chronic Diseases......Page 1748
201. Drugs in Psychiatric Disorders......Page 1755
202. Child Abuse An Unrecognized Problem......Page 1763
203. Adolescent Health Problems......Page 1771
204. Mental Health Issues in Adolescents......Page 1782
205. Parenting of Adolescents......Page 1787
206. Red Eye in Children......Page 1794
207. Binocular Vision, Ocular Motility, Squint and Amblyopia......Page 1807
208. Visual Assessment and Screening in Children......Page 1814
209. Pediatric Skin......Page 1821
210. Kangaroo Mother Care......Page 1831
211. Neonatal Myopathies......Page 1835
212. Advances on Rotavirus Disease......Page 1840
Index......Page 1845