Advances in Microwave Engineering. From Novel Materials to Novel Microwave Applications

Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Editors
Dedication
Contributors
1 Microstrip Antennas: Theory, Principles and Review of Literature
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Microstrip Patch Antenna Design
	1.3 Feeding Techniques
	1.4 Models of Analysis of Microstrip Antennas
	1.5 Other Popular Analytical Models
	1.6 Review of the Literature
		1.6.1 Introduction
		1.6.2 Mathematical Approaches in Antenna Design
		1.6.3 Efforts in Resonant Frequency Determination
		1.6.4 Bandwidth Enlargement Techniques
		1.6.5 Monopole Antennas with Improved Frequency Response
		1.6.6 Novel Feeding Techniques for Bandwidth Improvement
		1.6.7 Coplanar Waveguide Technique for Bandwidth Improvement
		1.6.8 Application of Fractal Geometries in Designing Antennas
		1.6.9 Selection of a Suitable Substrate for Frequency Response Optimization
2 The Role of Microstrip Antennas in Microwave Engineering and Research
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Literature Survey
	2.3 Antenna Design Formula
	2.4 IE3D (Integral Equation Three-Dimensional) Software
		2.4.1 HFSS Software (High-Frequency Structure Simulator)
	2.5 Antenna Configuration
		2.5.1 Patch Antenna with L-slot
		2.5.2 Patch Antenna with T-slot
		2.5.3 Patch Antenna with H-slot
		2.5.4 Patch Antenna with U-slot
	2.6 Conclusion
3 Recent Developments in Low-Cost Manufacturing Antennas and Their Challenges
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Low-Cost Antenna Manufacturing
	3.3 Challenges in Low-Cost Antennas
	3.4 Conclusion
4 Design and Performance Analysis of a Miniaturized UWB Monopole Antenna with Embedded Octagonal Slot and DGS for Various Wireless Applications
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Literature Survey
	4.3 Antenna Design
	4.4 Results and Discussions
	4.5 Parametric Analysis
		4.5.1 Impact of Different Ground Plane Lengths
		4.5.2 Effect of the Substrate’s Various Thicknesses
		4.5.3 Effects on the Ideal Ground of Various Ground Center Slot Shapes
		4.5.4 Effect of the Different Substrate Type
	4.6 Measurement and Fabrication
	4.7 Conclusion
5 A Printed Array of Nature-Inspired Antennas for IoT and Future 5G Applications
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 The Sole Radiator
		5.2.1 Contour Length Computation
		5.2.2 Analysis of Time-Domain Parameters
	5.3 Proposed Array
		5.3.1 Construction of the Feed Topology
		5.3.2 Construction of Array Geometry
	5.4 Results and Discussion
	5.5 Conclusion
6 Optimization Algorithms for Reconfigurable Antenna Design: A Review
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Evolutionary Algorithms
		6.2.1 Genetic Algorithm
		6.2.2 Differential Evolution
		6.2.3 Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy
	6.3 Swarm Intelligence-Based Algorithm
		6.3.1 Particle Swarm Optimization
		6.3.2 Grey Wolf Optimizer
	6.4 Conclusion
7 Review on Wearable Antennas for IoT, Healthcare, and High-End Applications
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Wearable Antenna Types
		7.2.1 Traditional Wearable Designs
		7.2.2 Textile Design Antenna
	7.3 Creating and Designing of Wearable Antennas
		7.3.1 Conductive Substance
		7.3.2 Fabrication Method
	7.4 Analysis Required for Wearable Antennas
		7.4.1 SAR Modelling
		7.4.2 Measurement with Different Bending
		7.4.3 On-Body Measurements
		7.4.4 Significance
	7.5 Application of Wearable Antennas
		7.5.1 Healthcare
		7.5.2 Sports and Fitness
		7.5.3 Internet of Things
	7.6 Conclusion and Future Scope
8 A Review of Design Challenges of Metamaterial-Inspired Body-Worn Antennas
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Metamaterial-Inspired Dual Wideband Wearable Antenna for Wireless Applications
		8.2.1 A Novel Wearable Metamaterial Fractal Antenna for Wireless Applications
		8.2.2 Radiation Pattern Reconfigurable Wearable Antenna Based on Metamaterial Structure
		8.2.3 Compact All-Textile, Dual-Band Antenna Loaded with Metamaterial-Inspired  Structure
		8.2.4 A Compact Triple-Band Metamaterial-Inspired Antenna for Wearable Applications
		8.2.5 Metamaterial-Embedded Wearable Rectangular
 Microstrip-Patch Antenna
		8.2.6 Metasurface-Enabled Hepta-Band Compact Antenna for Wearable Applications
		8.2.7 An Ultra-Wideband, Low-SAR, Flexible, Metasurface-Enabled Antenna for WBAN Applications
	8.3 Summary
9 An Efficient Wearable Antenna Deploying Different Geometry for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Capsule Antenna Design
		9.2.1 Working Principle
		9.2.2 Effects of the Slot on the Antenna
	9.3 Wearable Antenna Design
	9.4 Simulation Results
	9.5 Design Challenges
	9.6 Conclusion
10 Wearable MIMO Antenna with High Port Isolation for e-Health Monitoring Applications
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Architecture and Design of Antenna
	10.3 Discussion of Results
	10.4 Discussion of MIMO Parameters of the Final
 Antenna
	10.5 Conclusion
11 Development of Multiport MIMO Antenna for C-Band Frequency Application in Wireless Communication
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Structural Layout of Proposed Antenna
	11.3 Geometry of Two-Port MIMO Antenna
	11.4 Results and Discussion of Proposed MIMO Antenna
		11.4.1 S11 (dB) and S12 (dB)
		11.4.2 Distribution of Surface Current (A/m) for the Proposed MIMO Antenna
		11.4.3 Gain (Measured in dBi) and Efficiency (Measured in Percent) in Relation to Frequency (GHz)
	11.5 Conclusion
12 Harmonic Suppression Triple-Band U-Slot Antenna for GPS/WLAN/5G Applications
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Antenna Design and Analysis
		12.2.1 Antenna Configuration
		12.2.2 Design and Analysis of Resonance Frequencies
		12.2.3 Parametric Study of Patch and Slot Dimensions
	12.3 Results and Discussion
	12.4 Conclusion
13 Mutual Coupling Reduction in a Patch Antenna Array Using a Microstrip Resonator for Wireless Communication System Applications
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Antenna Design and Its Configuration
	13.3 Simulation and Measurement Results
	13.4 Conclusion
14 Filter Synthesis–Based Compact Dual-Band Filtenna for C-Band Applications
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Filter Synthesis
	14.3 Filtenna Design
	14.4 Results and Discussion
	14.5 Conclusion
15 Reviews on Electromagnetic Interference/Compatibilities
	15.1 Introduction
		15.1.1 Fundamentals of EMI
		15.1.2 What Causes Electromagnetic Interference?
	15.2 Types of Electromagnetic Interference
		15.2.1 Manmade EMI
		15.2.2 Natural EMI
		15.2.3 Narrowband EMI
		15.2.4 Broadband EMI
		15.2.5 Radiated EMI
		15.2.6 Conducted EMI
		15.2.7 Coupled EMI
	15.3 Elimination Methods of EMI
		15.3.1 Shielding
		15.3.2 Filtering
		15.3.3 Ground
		15.3.4 Transmission Mode
	15.4 Measuring Methods for EMI
		15.4.1 Emission Testing
		15.4.2 Radiated Emission Testing
		15.4.3 Conducted Emission Testing
		15.4.4 Immunity Testing
	15.5 Conclusion
16 Application of a Frequency Selective Surface in the Modern Medical Field
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Theoretical Perspective: How Does FSS Transmit or Block Incoming Waves?
	16.3 Simulation and Measurement
	16.4 Significance of FSS on Antennas
	16.5 Application of FSS in the Medical Field
		16.5.1 Enhancing the Performance of the ISM Antenna
		16.5.2 EM Absorber
		16.5.3 FSS for Biomedical Sensing
		16.5.4 Dosimeter Tag
		16.5.5 Wearable Medical Devices
		16.5.6 Mobile Body Area Network
		16.5.7 MRI
		16.5.8 Concentrating EM Energy into Target
 Tissue
	16.6 Future Improvements
	16.7 Conclusion
17 Scattering Matrices and Their Applications in Microwave
 Engineering
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 Quantifying and Analyzing the Input Signal and Power Flow
	17.3 Origin of Scattering Parameters from the Transmission Line
	17.4 Terms Related to Any Network
	17.5 S-Matrix Determined from Z- and Y-Matrix
	17.6 Properties of S-Parameters
	17.7 Scattering Matrices of Microwave Components
	17.8 Measurement of Scattering Parameters
	17.9 Signal Flow Graph
		17.9.1 The Flow Graph Representation for Different Conditions
	17.10 Conclusions
18 A Feasibility Study for Biomedical Applications via Microwave Imaging
	18.1 Introduction
	18.2 Dielectric Properties of Human Tissues
	18.3 Design and Analysis of Antenna Performance
		18.3.1 Antenna Design
		18.3.2 Performance of Antenna
	18.4 Conclusion
19 Review of Current Advancements in Microwave UWB Filter
	19.1 Introduction
	19.2 UWB Technology
	19.3 Advantages
	19.4 Disadvantages
	19.5 Applications
	19.6 UWB Filter
	19.7 Performance Analysis of UWB Filters
	19.8 Different Techniques to Develop UWB Filters
	19.9 Review of Previous Works in UWB Filters
	19.10 UWB Filter Cascading a Low-Pass and High-Pass Filter
	19.11 MMR for Designing a UWB Filter with Multiple Notches
	19.12 Ring Resonator with Quad T Stub-Loaded Structure
	19.13 Square Ring Resonator with Extended Stop Band
	19.14 UWB Filter Implementing a Defected Ground Structure
	19.15 A Triple-Notched Band UWB Filter
	19.16 Conclusion and Future Scope
20 Design of Broadband Planar Couplers Using an Existing Filter Design Approach
	20.1 Introduction
	20.2 Operation Principle of Forward-Wave Directional Coupler
	20.3 Basics of Asymmetrical Directional Couplers
	20.4 Design of a Forward-Wave Directional Coupler Using MMR
		20.4.1 Design Equations of Asymmetric Coupled Sections
		20.4.2 10 dB Forward-Wave Directional Coupler Using MMR
	20.5 MMR-Based Broadband Six-Port Coupler
	20.6 Conclusion
21 Sensing of Trapped Survivors Using IR-UWB Radar
	21.1 Introduction
	21.2 Motivation
	21.3 Current Technologies Used
	21.4 Importance of Radar
	21.5 Radar-Rubble-Target Model
		21.5.1 Different Types of UWB Radar
		21.5.2 Detailed Description of Rubble
		21.5.3 Human Target Model
	21.6 Human Vital Signs Mathematical Model
	21.7 Methodology
		21.7.1 Raw Data Preprocessing Stage
	21.8 Buried Human Location and Vital Signs Estimation Stage
	21.9 Experimental Setup
	21.10 Artificial Breathing Simulator
	21.11 Live Human Subjects
		21.11.1 No Obstruction between Radar and
 Target
		21.11.2 Planar-Wall Obstruction between Radar
 and Target
		21.11.3 Complex Rubble Obstruction between
 Radar and Target
	21.12 Results and Discussion
		21.12.1 Estimation of Breathing Simulator Frequency
	21.13 Estimation of Human Target Location and Vital Signs
		21.13.1 Single Human Target Per Range
	21.14 Multiple Targets Per Range
	21.15 Correlation Analysis
		21.15.1 Single-Target Range Error
		21.15.2 Multitarget Range Error
		21.15.3 Target Heartbeat Signal Accuracy
		21.15.4 Target Breathing Signal Accuracy
	21.16 Conclusion
22 Employment of Antennas in Biomedical Applications: A Review
	22.1 Introduction
	22.2 Design Requirements of Bio-implantable Antennas
	22.3 Concept Behind Usage of Bio-implantable Antennas for Tumour Detection
	22.4 Conclusion
Index