Advances in Mechanical Engineering Research; Volume 2

ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH VOLUME 2......Page 3
ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH VOLUME 2......Page 5
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 7
PREFACE......Page 9
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 15
2.1. Basic Airy Stress Function......Page 16
2.2.1. The Elliptic Hole in an Infinite Region......Page 18
2.2.2. The Mathematical Flat Crack Solution......Page 19
2.3. Derivation of the Mixed I- II- Mode Equation......Page 21
2.4. Remarks Regarding Crack Propagation......Page 25
2.5. Additional Remarks Regarding the Empirical Confirmation......Page 26
3.2. Compliance and Energy Release Rate......Page 27
3.3. The Softening Curve......Page 30
3.4. Fracture Energy as Area Under the Softening Curve......Page 32
3.5. Empirical Confirmation......Page 34
3.6. Crack Joining Mechanism......Page 37
3.7. References......Page 40
4.2. The Fictitious Crack Models......Page 41
4.3. Crack Growth Models......Page 42
4.4. Derivation of the Power Law......Page 43
5.2. Critical Distortional Energy as Fracture Criterion......Page 45
5.3. Revision of the Critical Energy Release Rate Equation......Page 47
6.1. Introduction......Page 48
6.2. Energy Balance......Page 49
6.3. Experimental Verification......Page 52
6.4. References......Page 53
7.2. Energy Balance......Page 54
7.3. Experimental Verification......Page 59
7.4. Design Equation of the Eurocode 5......Page 60
CONCLUSION......Page 61
9.2. Introduction......Page 63
9.3. Size Effect......Page 65
9.4. Size Effect of Wide Notched Beams......Page 68
9.5. Derivation of the Power Law Applied in Section 9.3......Page 70
9.7. References......Page 71
ABSTRACT......Page 73
INTRODUCTION......Page 74
T1 Contrast Enhancement......Page 78
T2 Contrast Enhancement......Page 80
CHEMICAL EXCHANGE SATURATION TRANSFER (CEST) CONTRAST AGENTS......Page 81
ParaCEST Contrast Agents for MRI......Page 82
LipoCEST Contrast Agents for MRI......Page 88
TEMPERATURE-RESPONSIVE MRI CONTRAST AGENTS......Page 92
Sodium (23Na) Imaging......Page 93
Lithium (7Li) Imaging......Page 94
Fluorine (19F) Imaging......Page 95
CONCLUSION......Page 96
REFERENCES......Page 97
INTRODUCTION......Page 105
ATTENUATION IN A FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION LINK......Page 106
OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS TO COMPENSATE FOR THE ATTENUATION......Page 107
THULIUM-DOPED FIBER AMPLIFIERS FOR OPTICAL AMPLIFICATION......Page 108
RECENT DEVELOPMENT ON THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL WORKS ON S-BAND TDFA......Page 110
TDFA ARCHITECTURES WITH 1050NM PUMPING......Page 111
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS FOR SINGLE-PASS AND DOUBLE-PASS TDFAS......Page 112
OPTIMIZATION OF THE DESIGN PARAMETER FOR THE TDFAS......Page 118
EFFECT OF AN AUXILIARY PUMP ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TDFA......Page 125
TDFA with Dual Pumping Architecture......Page 126
Gain Shifting Characteristic......Page 128
1420 NM SINGLE PUMPED TDFA ARCHITECTURE......Page 132
Configuration of the Hybrid Amplifier......Page 135
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR FIBER RAMAN AMPLIFIER (FRA)......Page 136
Numerical Simulation......Page 139
PERFORMANCE OF A HYBRID TDFA AND FRA......Page 140
REFERENCES......Page 143
ABSTRACT......Page 147
INTRODUCTION......Page 148
Microalloying in 12% Cr Steels for Ultra Super Critical Power Plant......Page 149
Effect of Trace and Microalloyed Elements in Solid Solution on Creep Rupture Strength......Page 150
Deterioration in Long Time Creep RuptureStrength......Page 152
Micro-Structural Change at Grain Boundary During Long Time Creep Exposure......Page 154
Cavitation Accelerated by Trace Element......Page 157
Creep Fracture Mechanism and Creep Cavity in Austenitic Stainless Steels......Page 159
Self-Healing Mechanism of Creep Cavity......Page 161
4. Self Healing of Creep Cavity by B Segregation......Page 163
Self Healing of Creep Cavity by BN Precipitation......Page 169
CONCLUSION......Page 175
REFERENCES......Page 176
ABSTRACT......Page 179
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 180
2.1. Ambient Vibration Testing......Page 182
2.3. Mass Calculations......Page 185
2.4. Stiffness Calculations......Page 186
3. EARTHQUAKE SELECTION......Page 187
4. NUMERICAL MODELS AND OPTIMIZATION OF EACH DEVICE......Page 190
4.1. HDRB Model and Optimization......Page 191
4.2. Hybrid HDRB+SMA Model and Optimization......Page 193
4.3. FRB Model and Optimization......Page 194
5. NUMERICAL ANALYSIS RESULTS......Page 195
REFERENCES......Page 200
ABSTRACT......Page 203
INTRODUCTION......Page 204
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE......Page 205
SOME EFFECTS OF MICROALLOYING ELEMENTS ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF STEELS......Page 206
REFERENCES......Page 220
ABSTRACT......Page 223
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 224
2.2. Solid Investment Casting......Page 225
2.3. The Vacuum Casting Machine......Page 226
2.4. Thermocouple Embedding......Page 227
3. VACUUM CASTING SIMULATION......Page 228
4. CALCULATION OF THE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT......Page 231
5.1.1. Cooling Curves......Page 235
5.1.2. Porosity Measurement......Page 237
5.2.2. Solidification Time, Porosity and Filling Quality......Page 242
CONCLUSION......Page 244
REFERENCES......Page 245
INTRODUCTION......Page 247
SYNTHESIS AND MICROSTRUCTURE DESIGN STRATEGY......Page 249
TITANIUM NANOSTRUCTURED MATRIX − DENDRITES ALLOYS......Page 251
TI-FE BASE ULTRAFINE-GRAINED MATRIX − DENDRITES ALLOYS......Page 253
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: MULTIPLE LENGTH-SCALE ALLOYS VS BULK METALLIC GLASS MATRIX COMPOSITE......Page 259
CONCLUSION......Page 261
REFERENCES......Page 262
ABSTRACT......Page 265
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 266
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE......Page 268
3.1. Mechanical Properties......Page 270
3.2. Optical Microscopy......Page 272
3.3. Transmission Electron Microscopy......Page 273
4. DISCUSSION......Page 274
CONCLUSION......Page 282
REFERENCES......Page 283
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS......Page 284
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 285
2. BUILDING STOCK: WOOD AND STONE......Page 286
3.1. The earthquake of June 23, 1882......Page 290
3.2.The Earthquake of November 4, 1898 (UTC)......Page 291
3.3. Other Earthquakes......Page 292
Archives......Page 293
Websites......Page 294
ABSTRACT......Page 295
2. FROM THE TRADITIONAL ACRYLIC TEETH PRODUCTION TO THE INNOVATIVE ONE......Page 296
2.1. Traditional Mold Making Procedure......Page 298
2.2. Innovative Mold Making Procedure......Page 300
3. REVERSE ENGINEERING FOR QUALITY CONTROL......Page 302
3.1. Dentalwings and ATOS III......Page 303
3.2. Evaluation Procedure......Page 305
4. CASE STUDY......Page 306
CONCLUSION......Page 312
REFERENCES......Page 314
INDEX......Page 317