Advances in Infrastructure Finance

Acknowledgments
About This Book
Contents
About the Authors
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
	1.1 Understanding Infrastructure
	1.2 Importance of Infrastructure Financing
	1.3 Advances and Innovations
	1.4 Scope of the Book and Chapterization
	References
2 Project Finance Transformation
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Project Finance—A Primer
	2.3 Evolution of Project Finance
	2.4 Infrastructure Debt Funds
	2.5 Islamic Finance and Sukuks
	2.6 Interest Rate Basis: LIBOR/SOFR
	2.7 Discussions
	2.8 Conclusions
	References
3 Multilaterals Leading the Innovation Path
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Origins of the MDBs and Their Gradual Transformation
	3.3 The Expanding MDB Landscape: Role of Global, Regional, and Sub-Regional Institutions
	3.4 Financial Models of MDBs
	3.5 Financial Instruments of MDBs
	3.6 Infrastructure Focus
	3.7 Evolution of Innovative Financing Mechanisms
	3.8 Private Sector Participation: Blended Finance, Co-Financing
	3.9 Observations
	3.10 Conclusions
	References
4 Exponential Growth of Sustainable Debt: Green Bonds Surge
	4.1 Rapid Growth
	4.2 Multilaterals as Frontrunners
	4.3 Bond Issuance Process
	4.4 Green Taxonomies
	4.5 Exchanges and Indices
	4.6 Greenium and Transaction Costs
	4.7 Impact and Reporting
	4.8 Additionality
	4.9 Discussions
	4.10 Conclusions
	References
5 Diverse Applications: Thematic Bonds Catching Up
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Diverse Applications
	5.3 Social, Sustainability and SDG Bonds
	5.4 Biodiversity
	5.5 Blue Bonds
	5.6 Discussions
	5.7 Challenges
	5.8 Conclusions
	References
6 The Appeal of Land-Based Financing Instruments
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Demand for Sustainable Infrastructure in a Rapidly Urbanizing World
	6.3 Financing Sustainable Urbanization
	6.4 Land as a Resource for Funding Infrastructure
	6.5 Innovative Land-Based Instruments for Financing Infrastructure
	6.6 Public–Private Partnerships
	6.7 Conclusion
	References
7 Growing of Age in Risk Mitigation: Funded and Unfunded Participation
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Natural Hazards
	7.3 Risk Mitigation in Project Finance
	7.4 MDBs: Funded and Unfunded Participation
	7.5 Managed Co-Lending Portfolio Program (IFC)
	7.6 Government Credit Enhancement
	7.7 Credit Enhancement—Capital Markets
	7.8 Residual Risks
	7.9 Force Majeure—A Pandemic Context
	7.10 Political Unrest
	7.11 Conclusions
	References
8 Unlocking Value Through Asset Recycling
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Asset Recycling Initiative of Australia
	8.3 Other International Asset Monetization Initiatives
	8.4 AR for Social Infrastructure: Permanent Funds
	8.5 The Case for Mainstreaming AR
	8.6 Criticism
	8.7 Credit Rating
	8.8 Conclusions
	References
9 Private Market Infrastructure Funds
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Growth of the Infrastructure Funds
	9.3 Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InVITs)
	9.4 Sustainable Investing by Private Equity Funds
	9.5 Crowdfunding
	9.6 Institutional Investor Participation Modalities in Infrastructure
	9.7 Discussions
	9.8 Conclusions
	References
Index