Advances in Green Energies and Materials Technology: Selected Articles from the Algerian Symposium on Renewable Energy and Materials (ASREM-2020) (Springer Proceedings in Energy)

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1 Fabrication of Flexible Photovoltaic Cells
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Fabrication Method of the Flexible Cell
		1.2.1 ITO Etched by Photolithography
		1.2.2 Realization of the Flexible Solar Cells
	1.3 Results and Discussion
	1.4 Conclusion
	References
2 Effect of Solution Concentration in the Optical and Electrical Properties of Copper Oxide Thin Films
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Experimental Procedure
	2.3 Results and Discussions
	2.4 Conclusion
	References
3 IR Spectroscopy and Computational Study of Structural, Vibrational and Electronic Properties of Hydrindantin Dihydrate
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Experimental Details
	3.3 Computational Details
	3.4 Results and Discussion
		3.4.1 Structural Optimization
		3.4.2 Vibrational Properties
		3.4.3 Electronic Properties
	3.5 Conclusion
	References
4 Thermal Behavior Study of a Fresnel Concentrator Solar Receiver
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Thermal Receiver Modelling
		4.2.1 Modeled Receiver Geometry
		4.2.2 Heat Loss Calculation
	4.3 Simulation Software (Fluent) Presentation
	4.4 Simulation Results
		4.4.1 Basic Conditions
		4.4.2 Temperature Distribution
		4.4.3 Tube Heat Losses Evolution
	4.5 Conclusion
	References
5 Analysis Study and Design of Optimal Control MPPT Strategy for a Photovoltaic Solar Energy System
	5.1 Introduction
		5.1.1 Problem Formulation
	5.2 Results and Discussions
	5.3 Conclusion
	References
6 Physico-mechanical Characterizations of the Compressed Earth Block (CEB) Stabilized with Lime-Based Fibers (Waste Tyre Rubber-Glass)
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Experimental Study
		6.2.1 Mixtures Design
	6.3 Results and Discussions
		6.3.1 Compression Strength Test
		6.3.2 The Tensile Strength of CEB
	6.4 Conclusion
	References
7 Modeling, Simulation and Control of a Standalone Photovoltaic System
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Mathematical Modeling of the Solar System
		7.2.1 Photovoltaic Generator
		7.2.2 Boost Converter Modeling
		7.2.3 Maximum Power Point Tracker MPPT
		7.2.4 Storage Battery Modeling
		7.2.5 Three Phase DC-AC Inverter Modeling
	7.3 Results and Discussions
	7.4 Conclusion
	References
8 Algerian Energy Building Policy in the Context of Sustainable Development by 2030
	8.1 Introduction
		8.1.1 Problem Formulation
		8.1.2 Goals
	8.2 Results and Discussions
	8.3 Conclusion
	References
9 Power Improvement of DFIG Wind Turbine System Using Fuzzy-Feedback Linearization Control
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 System Modeling
		9.2.1 DFIG Modeling
	9.3 Feedback Linearization Control Design
	9.4 Fuzzy-Feedback Linearization Control Design
	9.5 Results and Discussions
	9.6 Conclusion
	References
10 The Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Properties of Concrete with Recycling Aggregate Pavements
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Experimental Program
		10.2.1 Materials
		10.2.2 Identification of Mixtures
		10.2.3 Method
	10.3 Results and Discussions
		10.3.1 Visual Examination
		10.3.2 Weight Loss
		10.3.3 Compressive Strength
	10.4 Conclusion
	References
11 Steady-State Stability Regions Analysis of Different Amplitudes of Doubly Fed Induction Generators
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Electric Equations
	11.3 Steady State Machine Operation
	11.4 Results and Discussions
	11.5 Conclusion
	References
12 Pumping FOC-DFIM System Supplied with PVG and Based on FLC Type-2
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 PV Module
	12.3 MPPT Control
	12.4 MPPT Control Based on FLC Type-2
	12.5 Direct Field Oriented Control
	12.6 Digital Simulation
	12.7 Conclusion
	References
13 Investigation the Optical Intersubband Absorption in Double Barriers of Resonant Tunneling Superlattice
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Theory
		13.2.1 Intersubband Absorption Coefficient
	13.3 Results and Discussions
	13.4 Conclusion
	References
14 Non-linear Control Based on Sliding Mode of a Wind Energy System
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Second-Order Sliding Mode Power Control of the DFIG
	14.3 Simulations Results and Discussions
	14.4 Conclusion
	References
15 A Comparison State of Charge Estimation Between Kalman Filter and Sliding Mode Observer for Lithium Battery
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Battery Modeling
	15.3 State of Charge Estimation
		15.3.1 Kalman Filters
		15.3.2 Sliding Mode Observer
	15.4 Simulation and Results Discussion
	15.5 Conclusion
	References
16 Short Circuit Fault Detection in Photovoltaic Inverter Using FRA Analysis and FFT Method
	16.1 Introduction
		16.1.1 The Equivalent High Frequency Model of PV Inverter
		16.1.2 Fault Detection with FRA Analysis
		16.1.3 Discussion of Obtained Results by RFA Analysis
		16.1.4 Fault Detection Using FFT Current Signal Analysis
		16.1.5 Discussion of Obtained Results by FFT Analysis
	16.2 Conclusion
	References
17 Charge and Discharge of Electrochemical Storage by a Photovoltaic Field
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 Protocol Experimental
	17.3 Results and Discussions
	17.4 Conclusion
	References
18 An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Forecast Wind Speeds in Algeria
	18.1 Introduction
	18.2 Wind Data Collection
	18.3 Results and Discussions
	18.4 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
19 Study and Characterization of a Biomaterial: Animal Bone. Application to the Treatment of an Industrial Effluent
	19.1 Introduction
	19.2 Material and Methods
		19.2.1 Product Used
		19.2.2 Method
	19.3 Results and Discussions
		19.3.1 Static Adsorption
		19.3.2 Study of Some Types of Adsorption Isotherms
	19.4 Conclusion
	References
20 Numerical Simulation of a Shallow Solar Pond Operating Under the Batch Mode of Heat Extraction
	20.1 Introduction
	20.2 Problem Formulation
	20.3 Results and Discussions
	20.4 Conclusion
	References
21 Numerical Simulation of a Flat-Plate Solar Collector Operating Under Open Cycle Mode of Heat Extraction
	21.1 Introduction
	21.2 Problem Formulation
	21.3 Results and Discussions
	21.4 Conclusion
	References
22 A Discussion About Hydrogen Diffusion in n+pp+ Polysilicon Solar Cells Following Analysis of Both Dopant Deactivation and Defects Passivation
	22.1 Introduction
	22.2 Experimental
	22.3 Results and Discussion
		22.3.1 Plasma Hydrogenation Effect on Boron Activation Profile and Open-Circuit Voltage Evolution
		22.3.2 Hydrogen Diffusion Process in n+pp+ Poly-Si Solar Cell
	22.4 Conclusion
	References
23 Structural and Optical Properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films Grown by CSVT Technique Annealed Under Argon Atmosphere for Thin Films Solar Cells
	23.1 Introduction
	23.2 Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Principle
	23.3 Experimental Details
		23.3.1 Samples Preparation
		23.3.2 Characterization
		23.3.3 Photoacoustic Spectrometer Description
	23.4 Results and Discussions
	23.5 Conclusion
	References
24 Control by Fuzzy Logic Associated with the Flow Oriented Command of the Dual Star Asynchronous Generator Integrated into a Wind Turbine
	24.1 Introduction
		24.1.1 Optimization of the Energy Conversion of a Wind Turbine by MPPT Strategy
		24.1.2 Wind Turbine Based on a Double Star Asynchronous Generator
		24.1.3 Indirect Vector Control by Orienting the Rotor Flow of the GASDS
	24.2 MPPT Strategy Modeling Based on FLC
	24.3 Association of FLC and FOC to the Control of the GASDE Dedicated to Wind System
	24.4 Interpretations of the Results
	24.5 Conclusion
	References
25 Numerical Investigation of an InGaP/GaAs Heterojunction Solar Cell by AMPS-1D
	25.1 Introduction
	25.2 Modelling and Simulation
		25.2.1 About AMPS-1D
		25.2.2 Structure and Materials
	25.3 Results and Discussions
		25.3.1 The Thickness Effect of the Absorber on the Characteristics of the InGaP/GaAs Heterojunction Solar Cell
		25.3.2 he Doping Effect of the Absorber on the Characteristics of the InGaP/GaAs Heterojunction Solar Cell
		25.3.3 Optimization of the Spectral Response
		25.3.4 Optimization of Electrical Characteristics:
	25.4 Conclusion
	References
26 Energy Flow Management in Standalone Hybrid Electric Generation System
	26.1 Introduction
	26.2 Architecture of the Installation Studied
	26.3 Energy Management Strategy Proposed
	26.4 Simulation Results and Discussions
	26.5 Conclusion
	References
27 Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Spin Coating
	27.1 Introduction
	27.2 Experimental Details
		27.2.1 Materials and Procedures
	27.3 Results and Discussion
		27.3.1 Structural Properties
		27.3.2 Optical Properties
	27.4 Conclusion
	References
28 Sliding Mode Control of Voltage Source Converter Based High Voltage Direct Current System
	28.1 Introduction
	28.2 Modeling of VSC-HVDC
	28.3 Sliding Mode Control of VSC-HVDC Station
	28.4 Simulation Result
	28.5 Conclusion
	References
29 UV-visible Spectroscopy Study of TiO2: X (X = Ni, Mn or Cu) Films Synthetized by Dip-Coating Technique for Solar Cells Applications
	29.1 Introduction
	29.2 Experimental Details
	29.3 Results and Discussions
	29.4 Conclusion
	References
30 Recycling of Floor Tile Waste as Fine Aggregate in Flowable Sand Concrete
	30.1 Introduction
	30.2 Experimental Work
		30.2.1 Materials
		30.2.2 Mix Design
		30.2.3 Tests Procedures
	30.3 Results and Discussions
		30.3.1 Properties of FSC in Fresh State
		30.3.2 Properties of FSC in Hardened State
	30.4 Conclusion
	References
31 Structural and Mechanical Properties of NiCoMnSn Compound for Magnetic Refrigeration Close to Ambient Temperature
	31.1 Introduction
	31.2 Materials Synthesis and Characterization
		31.2.1 Schrödinger’s Equation
		31.2.2 Ground State
	31.3 Results and Discussions
		31.3.1 Structural Properties
		31.3.2 Mechanical, Elastic Properties
	31.4 Conclusion
	References
32 A Photovoltaic Generator System Based on Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamping Power Inverter
	32.1 Introduction
	32.2 System Structure
		32.2.1 PV Generator System
		32.2.2 Batteries Source
	32.3 Three-Level NPC Power Converter
	32.4 Validation Results
	32.5 Conclusion
	References
33 Ecological and Geochemical Assessment of the Environment in the Zinc Ore Recovery Zone; Case of CHAABET EL-HAMRA Mining Complex (Algeria)
	33.1 Introduction
	33.2 Problem Formulation
	33.3 Results and Discussions
		33.3.1 Discussion
	33.4 Conclusion
	References
34 Comparative Study of Solar Pumping with Connection to Electric Networks for Irrigation of a Plant Nursery
	34.1 Introduction
	34.2 Site and Data Description
		34.2.1 Geographical Data
		34.2.2 Meteorological Data
	34.3 Sizing of the Pumping Station
		34.3.1 Evaluation of the Load Profile Used for Water Pumping
		34.3.2 Tank Capacity
		34.3.3 Description of PV Modules Used
		34.3.4 Description of Converter Used
	34.4 Result and Discussion of the Optimal System
	34.5 Analysis of the Minimum Distance of the Network for the Breakeven Point
	34.6 Conclusion
	References
35 Enhancement of Extracted Photovoltaic Power Using Artificial Neural Networks MPPT Controller
	35.1 Introduction
	35.2 PV Generator Modeling
	35.3 DC-DC Boost Converter
	35.4 Perturb and Observe MPPT Algorithm
	35.5 MPPT Based on Artificial Neural Networks
	35.6 Prediction of MPP Based on ANN
	35.7 ANN Test Results
	35.8 Conclusion
	References
36 Assessment of Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Plant in Algeria
	36.1 Introduction
	36.2 Methodology
	36.3 Results and Discussions
	36.4 Comparison of LCOE of Plants
	36.5 Conclusion
	References
37 Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic System Performance
	37.1 Introduction
	37.2 Description of the Analyzed System
	37.3 Methodology
		37.3.1 Presentation of the Installation Site of the Hybrid System
		37.3.2 Evaluation of the Energy Resource Available on the Site
		37.3.3 Evaluation of Energy Demand (the Load Profile)
		37.3.4 Manual Pre-sizing of Equipment
		37.3.5 Enter the Necessary Data into the Software
	37.4 Results and Discussions
		37.4.1 Comparison of HES with PV Alone
		37.4.2 Comparison of HES with PV Alone
	37.5 Conclusion
	References
38 Optimization Method of a Wind Turbine Blade Based on Proper Generalized Decomposition
	38.1 Introduction
	38.2 Problem Formulation
		38.2.1 Calculating W(r) from the Known Functions S(ct )andR(u )
	38.3 Results and Discussions
	38.4 Conclusion
	References
39 Direct Power Control Approach for a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power System
	39.1 Introduction
	39.2 System Structure
		39.2.1 Modeling of the Photovoltaic Cells
		39.2.2 Boost Converter and MPPT
	39.3 Direct Power Control
	39.4 DC Bus Control
	39.5 Validation Results
	39.6 Conclusion
	References
40 Classification of Energies Storage Capacitors Values Based on Fuzzy Logic Approach (Case of a Planar Capacitor)
	40.1 Introduction
	40.2 Energy Storage in a Capacitor [1–6]
	40.3 Mathematical Model of Fuzzy Logic C-Means Clustering (FLCM) [7, 8]
	40.4 Simulation Results
	40.5 Conclusion
	References
41 The use of Grey Wolf Optimizer for Cost Reduction and Optimal Configuration of Hybrid Wind-PV-Diesel with Battery Storage
	41.1 Introduction
	41.2 The Selected Site
		41.2.1 Location
		41.2.2 The Climate
		41.2.3 Site Coordinates
	41.3 Wind-PV-Diesel-Battery Hybrid Power System
	41.4 Results and Discussion
	41.5 Conclusion
	Reference
42 Fuzzy Logic Type-2 Controller Design for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Photovoltaic System
	42.1 Introduction
	42.2 Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique Type-2 FLC
	42.3 Results and Discussion
	42.4 Conclusion
	References
43 A Software Application Developed for the PV System Monitoring
	43.1 Introduction
	43.2 Methods and Materials
		43.2.1 PV Station and Used Data Acquisition System
		43.2.2 Developed Software Application Description
	43.3 Results and Discussions
	43.4 Conclusion
	References
44 Modeling and Simulation of a Photovoltaic System Connected to the Electrical Network
	44.1 Introduction
	44.2 System Description
	44.3 Modeling of a Photovoltaic Cell
	44.4 Modeling a Photovoltaic Generator
	44.5 Simulation of the Photovoltaic Generator
	44.6 BOOST Chopper
	44.7 The Three-Phase Inverter
	44.8 Vector MLI Control of Three-Phase Inverter
	44.9 BOOST Converter Simulation
	44.10 Results and Discussions
	44.11 Complete System Simulation
	44.12 Conclusion
	References
45 Comparative Study of SVC-STATCOM Devices on Voltage Stability Applied on PV-Wind System
	45.1 Introduction
	45.2 Facts Devices
		45.2.1 The Static Var Compensator (SVC)
		45.2.2 Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM)
	45.3 Simulation Results
		45.3.1 System Description
		45.3.2 Results of Simulation of the System in the Absence of Compensation Devices
		45.3.3 Results of Simulation in the Presence of Static Var Compensator (SVC)
		45.3.4 Results of Simulation in the Presence of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM)
	45.4 Conclusion
	References
46 ZnO Films Elaborated by D.C. Magnetron Sputtering
	46.1 Introduction
	46.2 Experimental Detail
	46.3 Results and Discussion
	46.4 Conclusion
	References
47 First Principles Electro Optical Characterization of Semiconductors Perovskites
	47.1 Introduction
	47.2 Problem Formulation
	47.3 Results and Discussion
		47.3.1 Structural Properties
		47.3.2 Electronic Properties
		47.3.3 Electronic Properties
		47.3.4 Optical Properties
		47.3.5 Photoconduction Properties
	47.4 Conclusion
	References
48 Thermal Investigation of a Solar Chimney Power Plant System: CFD Approach
	48.1 Introduction
		48.1.1 Computational Modelling
		48.1.2 Results and Discussions
		48.1.3 Conclusion
	References
49 Effects of Rim Angle on Performance Predictions of a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector
	49.1 Introduction
	49.2 Model and Methodology
		49.2.1 Physical Model Description
		49.2.2 Coupled Model
	49.3 Results and Discussions
		49.3.1 Validation of the Optical Model
		49.3.2 Effect of Rim Angle
		49.3.3 Thermal Part
	49.4 Conclusion
	References
50 Thermal Performances Investigation of Two ISCC Layouts
	50.1 Introduction
	50.2 Description of ISCC Systems
		50.2.1 Solar Field
		50.2.2 Rankine Cycle
		50.2.3 Results and Discussions
	50.3 Conclusion
	References
51 Effect of Turbulence on Wind Turbine Farm Power Production
	51.1 Introduction
	51.2 Ishihara Wake Model
	51.3 Characteristics of the ENERCON E2 Wind Turbine
	51.4 Results and Discussion
		51.4.1 Ambient Turbulence
		51.4.2 Added Turbulence
		51.4.3 Effect of Added Turbulence on the Power
	51.5 Conclusion
	References
52 Maximum Power Point Tracking Method Using Sliding Mode Extremum-Seeking Algorithm for Residential Wind Turbine
	52.1 Introduction
	52.2 System Structure
	52.3 Sliding Mode Extremum Seeking Control for Wind MPPT
	52.4 Simulations Results
	52.5 Conclusion
	References
53 Thermal Investigation of an Electrocaloric Refrigeration Systems
	53.1 Introduction
	53.2 Active Electrocaloric Refrigerator System Description AER
	53.3 Thermodynamics of Electrocaloric Effects
	53.4 Results and Discussions
	53.5 Conclusion
	References
54 Electronic and Thermoelectric Properties of Lead Sulfide PbS: DFT Approach
	54.1 Introduction
	54.2 Computational Methods
	54.3 Results and Discussion
		54.3.1 Structural properties
		54.3.2 Electronic properties
		54.3.3 Thermoelectric Properties
	54.4 Conclusion
	References
55 Comparison Between Methanol and Methane Steam Reforming Reactors for Hydrogen Production
	55.1 Introduction
	55.2 Steam Reforming
	55.3 Mathematical Model
	55.4 Physical Model
	55.5 Results and Discussion
	55.6 Conclusion
	References