Advances in Glass Research

Preface
Contents
Overall Aspects of Glasses for Photonic Devices
	1 Challenges in the Development of Glasses
	2 Glass Manufacturing Process
		2.1 Melt Quenching
		2.2 Sol-Gel
	3 Characterization Techniques of Glasses
		3.1 Structural Properties
		3.2 Thermal and Mechanical Properties
		3.3 Optical Properties
	4 Glass Families
		4.1 Tellurite Glasses
		4.2 Aluminosilicate Glasses
		4.3 Borosilicate Glasses
		4.4 Phosphate and Fluorophosphate Glasses
		4.5 Chalcogenide Glasses
		4.6 Germanate Glasses
	5 Advances in Glass Forming
	6 Non-linear Material
	7 Applications of Glass in Photonic Devices
		7.1 Waveguides
		7.2 Optical Fibers
		7.3 Gain Medium
		7.4 Optical Fiber Amplifiers
		7.5 Photonic Crystal Fiber
		7.6 Microresonators
		7.7 Optical Limiters
		7.8 Solid-State Lighting
		7.9 Flexible Glasses
	8 Conclusion and Perspectives
	References
Redox Reactions in Glasses
	1 Introduction
	2 Multivalent Ions
	3 Redox Reactions
	4 Factors Affecting the Redox Reactions
		4.1 Oxygen Partial Pressure (pO2)
		4.2 Effect of Temperature on Redox Reaction
		4.3 Effect of Ion Concentration
		4.4 Effect of Host Glass Composition
		4.5 Effect of Irradiation on the Polyvalent Ions
		4.6 The Effect of Reducing Melting Conditions
	5 Mixing Effect of Multivalent Ions
		5.1 Iron-Manganese Interaction
		5.2 Iron-Copper Interaction
		5.3 Manganese-Copper Interaction
		5.4 Copper–Antimony and Copper–Tin Interaction
	6 Effect of Multivalent Ions on the Optical Properties of Glass
	7 Glass Color
	8 Applications
	9 Conclusion
	References
Phosphate Glasses: Synthesis, Properties and Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Definition of Glass
	3 Glass Transition Phenomenon
	4 Structure of Glasses
		4.1 Elements of Structural Models for Glasses
	5 Types of Glasses
	6 Phosphate Glasses
		6.1 Classification of Phosphate Glasses
		6.2 Modified Phosphate Glass
		6.3 Ternary Phosphate Glass
		6.4 More Complex Phosphate Glass
	7 Preparation of Phosphate Glasses
		7.1 Melt Quenching Technique
		7.2 Sol-Gel Technique
		7.3 Electrochemical Method
		7.4 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method
	8 Properties of Phosphate Glasses
		8.1 Amorphous Character by X-Ray Diffraction Studies
		8.2 Density
		8.3 Spectroscopic Properties
		8.4 Glass Transition Temperatures
		8.5 Elastic Properties
		8.6 Thermal Properties
		8.7 Thermal Expansion with Respect to Temperature
		8.8 Thermal Expansion with Respect to Composition
		8.9 Optical Properties
		8.10 Electrical Properties
		8.11 Morphological Properties by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Studies
		8.12 Mechanical and Structural Properties of Phosphate Glasses
	9 Applications of Phosphate Glasses
		9.1 Nuclear Waste Management
		9.2 Biomedical Applications
		9.3 Electronics
		9.4 Laser Technology
	10 Conclusions and Future Prospects
	References
Structural and In Vitro Bioactivity of Phosphate-Based Glasses for Bone Regeneration
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Synthesis of Bioglasses
		2.2 Preparation of SBF for In Vitro Bioactivity
		2.3 Conditioned Media from rMSCs
		2.4 Physical Parameters and Microhardness
		2.5 Powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
		2.6 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
		2.7 Scanning Electron Microscope—Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM–EDS)
		2.8 pH Evaluation
		2.9 Weight Loss Measurement
		2.10 Cell Cytotoxicity and Proliferation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Physical Parameters and Vickers Microhardness of the Bioglasses
		3.2 In Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation in SBF
		3.3 Cell Cytotoxicity and Proliferation
	4 Conclusions
	References
Advances in Chalcogenide Glasses (ChGs): Past, Present, and Future Applications
	1 The Emergence of ChGs: A Brief History
	2 Early Applications of ChGs
		2.1 ChGs as Photoreceptors in Xerography
		2.2 ChGs as Photoconductors in TV Pickup Tubes
		2.3 ChGs as Detectors in X-Ray Imaging
	3 Advances in ChGs Based Optical/Electronic Memories
	4 Recent Advances of ChGs Based Devices in the Last Two Decades
	5 Conclusions
	References
Advances in Luminescent Glass Research Towards High-End Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Synthesis Methods of Luminescent Glasses
		2.1 Synthesis of Lanthanide-Doped Glasses
		2.2 Synthesis of Quantum Dot (QD) Glass-Nanocomposites
	3 Solid-State Lighting and Display Applications
		3.1 Overview
		3.2 Colorimetric Properties
		3.3 Studies on Lanthanide-Doped Glasses
		3.4 Studies on QD Glass-Nanocomposites
		3.5 Studies on Lanthanide-Doped QD Glass-Nanocomposites
	4 Security (Anti-Counterfeiting) Applications
		4.1 Overview
		4.2 Studies on Lanthanide-Doped Glasses
		4.3 Studies on Lanthanide-Doped QD Glass-Nanocomposites
	5 Optical Temperature Sensing Applications
		5.1 Overview
		5.2 Temperature Sensing Parameters
		5.3 Studies on Lanthanide-Doped Glasses
		5.4 Studies on Lanthanide-Doped Quantum Dot Glass-Nanocomposites
	6 Solar Energy Applications
		6.1 Overview
		6.2 Studies on Lanthanide-Doped Glasses
		6.3 Studies on QD Glass-Nanocomposites
	7 Emerging Applications and Perspectives for Future Research
	8 Conclusion
	References
Synthesis and Characterization of Rare Earth Doped ZnO–Al2O3–SiO2 Glasses and Transparent Glass-Ceramics
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Rare Earth Doped Aluminosilicates glass and Glass-Ceramics Applied in Photonics
		1.2 Glass-Ceramics
	2 Theoretical Background
		2.1 Crystallization Approaches by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
		2.2 Optical Sensing Based on Luminescence Intensity Ratio
	3 Experimental Procedures
		3.1 Sample Preparation
		3.2 Characterization Techniques
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Structural, Morphological, and Mechanical Properties
		4.2 Crystallization Kinetics Based on DSC Analysis
		4.3 Thermal Stability
		4.4 Optical Properties
		4.5 Optical Thermometry
	5 Summary
	References
Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine as Materials for Glass Coating—Structure and Properties
	1 History of Investigations of Phthalocyanine
	2 Structure of Phthalocyanine and Porphyrins
		2.1 Subphthalocyanine
		2.2 Superphthalocyanine
		2.3 Porphyrins and Subporphyrins
	3 Synthesis Methods
		3.1 Phthalocyanines Synthesis
		3.2 Subphthalocyanines Synthesis
		3.3 Superphthalocyanine Synthesis
		3.4 Porphyrins Synthesis
	4 Spectroscopic Properties of Phthalocyanines, Bisphthalocyanine, Porphyrins, and Their Homologues
		4.1 Phthalocyanines and Bisphthalocyanines
		4.2 Porphyrin
		4.3 Subphthalocyanines and Superphthalocyanine
		4.4 Subporphyrin
	5 Nonlinear Optical Properties
	6 Electrical Properties of Phthalocyanine, Porphyrins, and Their Homologues
	7 Present and Future Applications of Phthalocyanine and Porphyrins
		7.1 Dyes
		7.2 Biological Activity
		7.3 Electrodes, Sensors, and Transistors
		7.4 Optoelectronics
	8 Summary
	References
Phthalocyanine and Porphyrin Films on Glass Substrates—Processing, Properties, and Applications
	1 Thin Film Preparation Techniques
		1.1 Langmuir–Blodgett
		1.2 Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)
		1.3 Sol–Gel Technique
	2 Optical and Electrical Properties of Phthalocyanines and Porphyrins Films
		2.1 Applications of Phthalocyanines (Pc)
		2.2 Coatings of Phthalocyanines and Porphyrins on ITO Layer
		2.3 Coatings of Phthalocyanines and Porphyrins on SnO2 Layer
		2.4 Coatings of Pc on ZnO Layer
	3 Application of Phthalocyanine and Porphyrins Thin Films Into Multilayers Materials—Structure and Applications
		3.1 Organic Light Emitting Diode
		3.2 Solar Cells and Dye-Sensitizer Solar Cells
	4 Summary
	References
Index