Advances in Fabrication and Investigation of Nanomaterials for Industrial Applications

Contents
Supersonic Cluster Beam Deposition for the Integration of Functional Nanostructured Films in Devices
	Acronyms
	1 Introduction
	2 Supersonic Cluster Beam Deposition
		2.1 Structure of an SCBD Apparatus
		2.2 Supersonic Cluster Beam Sources
		2.3 Sample Manipulation
		2.4 Hard-Mask Patterning
	3 Main Properties of Cluster-Assembled Nanostructured Films
		3.1 Size Distribution
		3.2 Soft Assembling and Surface Morphology
		3.3 Electrical Conduction
	4 Chemoresistive Gas Microsensors
		4.1 Metal Oxide Gas Sensors
		4.2 Nanostructured Film Integration on Microhotplates
		4.3 Outdoor Environmental Testing
	5 Surfaces for Cell Capture in Oncological Research and Diagnostics
		5.1 Cell Adhesion on Nanostructured Surfaces
		5.2 Microfluidic Devices for Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) in Onco-hematology
		5.3 Platforms for the Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs)
	6 Electrodes for Neurorecording and Neuromodulation
		6.1 Supersonic Cluster Beam Implantation
		6.2 Flexible and Conformal Electrodes
		6.3 Clinical Validation in Somatosensory Monitoring
	7 Plates for Sample Processing by MALDI-MS in Proteomic Clinical Research
		7.1 Wettability-Controlled Solid-State Wells
		7.2 Matrix-Sample Mixture Crystallization on Nanostructured Surfaces
		7.3 On-Plate Sample Processing for 2D-MALDI
		7.4 Nanostructured Surfaces for MALDI Imaging and Beyond
	8 Perspectives
	References
Advances in Colloidal Synthesis of ``Giant\'\' Core/Thick-Shell Quantum Dots
	1 Introduction
	2 Understanding Thick-Shell Growth via SILAR
	3 Separating the Effects of Nonorthogonal Variables in the Hot-Injection Synthesis of Giant CdTe/CdS
		3.1 Systematic Study of Reaction [NP]
		3.2 Separating the Effects of OA and [NP]
		3.3 Variation of Optimal Parameters with Increasing Shell Thickness
		3.4 Insights into the Shelling Reaction Mechanism
		3.5 Additional Synthesis Considerations
	4 Conclusions
	References
Emerging Trends in Nanotechnology for Forensic Science
	1 Introduction
	2 Nanostructured Materials and Nanocomposites
		2.1 Molecular Structure and Properties
		2.2 Application in Forensic Science
	3 Advances in Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers
		3.1 Electrospinning Technique: Concepts
		3.2 Preparation of Polymer Nanofibers for Latent Fingerprint Development
		3.3 Fluorescent Sensors for Explosive Detection
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
Nanoparticles-Induced Alignment of Nematic Liquid Crystals for Tunable Electro-Optical Devices
	1 Introduction
	2 Conventional Methods to Align Liquid Crystals
	3 Nanoparticles-Induced LC Alignment
		3.1 Isotropic NPs-Induced Alignment of NLCs
		3.2 Anisotropic NPs-Induced Alignment of NLCs
		3.3 Induced Alignment of NLCs by Deposition of Isotropic NPs on Substrates
		3.4 Induced Alignment of NLCs by Deposition of Anisotropic NPs on Substrates
	4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
	References
Photoelectrochemical Immunosensor for Carcinoembryonic Antigen Detection: An Attempt for Early Cancer Screening
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Method
	3 Experimental Data
		3.1 Brunner-Immet-Teller Analysis
		3.2 Morphology Analysis
		3.3 Optical Characteristics
		3.4 Mechanism Discussion
		3.5 Photoelectric Performance Analysis
		3.6 Optimization of Experimental Conditions
		3.7 Detection of CEA
		3.8 Specificity, Stability, and Reproducibility
		3.9 Actual Sample Detection
	4 Tester Model Construction
	5 Conclusions
	References
Scanning Photodielectric Spectroscopy of CdZnTe Crystals
	1 Introduction
	2 Scanning Photoelectric Spectroscopy Without Additional Impact on the Semiconductor
	3 Scanning Photoelectric Spectroscopy Under Impact of Bias Electric Field
		3.1 Spectral Distribution of the Photodielectric Effect and Energy Spectrum of Localized States at Various Bias Voltages
		3.2 The Schottky Barrier in the Region of Illuminated Electrode: The Condition for the Effect of the Barrier on the Results of Measurements
		3.3 Energy Spectrum of Localized States at Opposite Bias Polarities
			3.3.1 The Bias Is Absent
			3.3.2 The Bias Is Applied
			3.3.3 Various Effects of the Bias Voltage on the Localized States
	4 Scanning Photodielectric Spectroscopy of Crystals with Additional Non-monochromatic Illumination
	5 Conclusion
	References
Photoinduced Electron Transfer Dynamics in Hybrid Quantum Dot/Molecular Catalyst Systems for Artificial Photosynthesis
	1 Introduction
	2 Artificial Photosynthesis
		2.1 Quantum Dots as Light-Harvesting Materials
	3 Electron Transport Dynamics in Hybrid QD/Catalyst Systems
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
Interparticle Charge Transport Enhances Electrochemiluminescence of Quantum Dots
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental
		2.1 Chemicals and Reagents
		2.2 Apparatus and Measurements
		2.3 Synthesis and Preparation
			2.3.1 CdSe-OA QDs
			2.3.2 CdSe-S2− QDs
			2.3.3 CdSe Aerogel
			2.3.4 CdTe-MPA QDs
			2.3.5 CdTe-S2− QDs
			2.3.6 CdSe-CdTe Mixed Aerogel
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Characterization of CdSe QDs and Aerogel
			3.1.1 Structure and Specific Surface
			3.1.2 Morphology and Optical Properties
			3.1.3 Electrochemistry and ECL Properties
		3.2 Characterization of CdSe-CdTe Mixed Aerogel
			3.2.1 Structure and Morphology
			3.2.2 ECL Properties and Mechanism
		3.3 Experimental and Theoretical Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Optical Structural and Phonon Characteristics of Epitaxially Grown II –VI/III –V Films and Superlattices
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental
		2.1 Bridgman-Grown Cd1-xZnxTe Ternary Alloys
		2.2 MBE Growth of CdTe/InSb (001) Epifilms
		2.3 FIR Reflectivity and Raman Scattering Measurements
			2.3.1 FIR Reflectivity of Cd1-xZnxTe Alloys and CdTe/InSb Epilayers
			2.3.2 Raman Scattering Measurements
		2.4 Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
		2.5 Time-Resolved Photoluminescence
		2.6 High-Resolution HR-SXAS Results of CdTe/InSb (001) Epifilms
	3 Theoretical
		3.1 Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
		3.2 Refractive Index  0mu mumu nnequationn  and Dielectric Function  0mu mumu equation
		3.3 FIR Reflectivity of Binary Compounds, Epilayers, and Superlattices
		3.4 Lattice Dynamics and Thermal Properties
		3.5 Phonon and Thermodynamical Properties
	4 Numerical Calculation Results and Discussions
		4.1 Lattice Dynamics
		4.2 Model Dielectric Functions
			4.2.1 MDFs for FIR =→ MIR Energy Range
			4.2.2 FTIR Spectra of Bulk Cd1-xZnxTe Alloys
			4.2.3 FTIR Spectra of CdTe/GaAs, ZnTe/GaAs, and Cd1-xZnxTe/GaAs Epifilms and (CdTe)m/(ZnTe)n/GaAs Superlattices
			4.2.4 Near Normal Incidence FIR Spectra of CdTe/InSb Epifilms
			4.2.5 FIR at Oblique Incidence for CdTe/InSb Epifilms and Superlattices
		4.3 MDF\'s Near-IR =→ UV Energy Range
			4.3.1 Optical Constants in the NIR-UV Region
			4.3.2 Reflectivity and Transmission Spectra of Thin Epifilms
			4.3.3 Reflectivity/Transmission: Thickness Dependence
		4.4 Analysis of SR-XAS Data for Cd1-xZnxTe and CdTe/InSb Epifilms
			4.4.1 EXAFS Study for Local Structure in CZT Alloys
			4.4.2 EXAFS Study for Local Structure in CdTe/InSb Epifilms
	5 Conclusions
	References
Defect Engineering in Epitaxially Grown Cd(Zn)Te Thin Films on Lattice-Mismatch Substrates
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Overview of II–VI HgCdTe and Cd(Zn)Te Semiconductors and Their Applications
		1.2 Limitations of the HgCdTe-CZT-Based IR Technology
		1.3 Advantages and Challenges in Heteroepitaxy of (Hg)Cd(Zn)Te Films on Alternative Substrates
	2 Strained CdTe/CdZnTe Superlattice-Based Dislocation Filtering Layers (DFL)
		2.1 Working Principle of DFL
		2.2 Structure Design of CdTe DFL Buffer Layers and the MBE Growth
		2.3 Dislocation Filtering Effect
	3 Structural and Optical analysis of the CdTe DFL Buffer Layers [34]
		3.1 XRD Characterizations
		3.2 Correlation Between Structural/Growth Parameters and Dislocation Filtering Efficiency
		3.3 Optical Properties of the CdTe Buffer Layers
	4 Conclusions
	References
Defect-Influenced Modeling of Photophysics in Lead-Based Hybrid and All-Inorganic Perovskites
	1 Introduction
	2 Absorption
	3 Carrier Dynamics
	4 Low Excitation Intensities
	5 Intermediate Excitation Intensities
	6 High Excitation Intensities
	7 Emission Quantum Yields
	8 Conclusions
	References
Charge Carrier Dynamics of Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: Application Toward X-Ray/Gamma-Ray Radiation Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Basics of Charge Carrier Transport
		2.1 Optical Bandgap and Electron-Hole Pair Creation Energy
		2.2 Defects, Doping, and Crystal Structures
		2.3 Bulk Single Crystals vs. Nanocrystal Thin Films
		2.4 Radiative vs. Non-radiative
	3 Mobility Characterization Methods
		3.1 Contact-Required Methods
		3.2 Contact-Free Techniques
	4 Discussion of the Reported Carrier Mobility
	5 Perovskite Nanocrystals for Scintillation X-Ray Detection
	6 Conclusions and Future Development
	References
Development of Thallium-Based Semiconductors and Scintillators for High Energy Radiation Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Tl-Based Semiconductor Detector Materials
		2.1 TlBr (Thallium Bromide)
		2.2 TlPbI3 (Thallium Lead Iodide)
	3 Tl-Based Scintillator Detector Materials
		3.1 Class A: Tl2ALX6 Elpasolites with/Without Ce+ Doping
		3.2 Class B: TlL2X7, Tl2LX5, and Tl3LX6 with/Without Ce+ Ion Doping
		3.3 Class C: TlMX3 and TlM2X5 with/Without Eu+ Ion Doping and TlCdCl3 and TlAlF4
		3.4 Classes D and E: Tl2BX6 and TlPbI3
	References
Printable Organic and Hybrid Semiconductors: A New Frontier for Detecting Ionizing Radiation
	1 Introduction
	2 Tuning Perovskite Materials for Radiation Detection
	3 Printing Perovskite Devices
		3.1 Perovskite Film Fabrication Methods
		3.2 Printing Techniques
			3.2.1 Spray Coating
			3.2.2 Doctor-Blade Coating
			3.2.3 Slot-Die Coating
			3.2.4 Inkjet Printing
			3.2.5 Roll-to-Roll Printing
		3.3 Challenges for Printable and Flexible Metal-Halide Perovskite Films
	4 Printable Metal-Halide Perovskites for Radiation Detection
	5 Future Outlook
	References
Halide Perovskite Thin Films for Neutron and X-Ray Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 CsPbBr3 Film Deposition Using Close-Space Sublimation
	3 Ga2O3/CsPbBr3 Diodes and Performance Characteristics
	4 Alpha and Neutron Sensing with CsPbBr3 Diodes
	5 Composition Tuning in CsPbBr3 Films
	6 Ga2O3/CsPbBr3-xClx Diodes Performance and Neutron Sensing
	7 Radiation Detection Efficiency of Microstructured CsPbBr3-xClx/Ga2O3 Detectors
	8 X-Ray Sensing with CsPbBr3 Diodes
	9 Conclusions
	References
Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Modules: Manufacturingand Performance
	1 Introduction
	2 Manufacturing of Perovskite PV Modules
	3 Performance Characterization
		3.1 Future Work and Challenges
	References
Naturally Inspired Heme-Like Chemistries for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Going Beyond Platinum Group Metals in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalysis
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Transitioning Catalysis: From Classical Nanoparticles to Single-Atom Catalysts
	2 M-N-C Catalysts and Their Synthesis
		2.1 Promoting the 4e- ORR Pathway and d-Block M-N-Cs
		2.2 Improving M-N-C Catalyst Activity and Durability
	3 Transitioning M-N-Cs to Real Fuel Cell Operation
	4 Outlook and Summary
	References
Integration of Electrical Energy Storage Devices with Photovoltaic Solar Cells in One Hybrid System
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental
		2.1 Device Design and Fabrication
		2.2 Preparation of the Glass/ITO/AAO/CdS Structure
		2.3 Characterization Techniques
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design and Optimization of CdTe QDs Luminescent Solar Concentrators Based on Analytic and Simulation Models
	1 Introduction
	2 Analytical Model for Optical Efficiency and Concentration Factor Determination
	3 Synthesis of the LSC Luminophores (CdTe QDs)
	4 Optical Features of the CdTe QDs
	5 Optimization of the Concentration Factor of CdTe QDs LSCs
	6 Photovoltaic Simulation for the Optimized QDs LSCs
	7 Conclusions
	References
Index