Advances in Environmental Vibration and Transportation Geodynamics: Proceedings of ISEV 2018 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 66)

Organization
	Honorary Chairmen
	Members
	Organizing Committee
	Vice Chairmen
	Members
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Environmental Vibration and Noise Control
1 In Situ Test and Analysis on Ground Vibration and Noise Induced by Tram Passing Small-Radius Curve Track
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Project Outline
	3 In Situ Tests
		3.1 Trial Sections
		3.2 Experimental Setup
		3.3 Test Equipment
	4 Analysis of Test Data
		4.1 Vibration Acceleration Level
		4.2 A Sound Pressure Level
		4.3 Equivalent Sound Pressure Level
		4.4 Beyond Limit Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
2 Research on the Influences of the Geometric Parameters of the Vibration Isolation 	Effect of Miniature Concrete Vibration-Isolated Piles 	for Rail Transit
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 A Subsection Sample
	2 Field Site and Instrumentation of the Test Layout
		2.1 Field Site
		2.2 Equipment Instrumentation
	3 Determination of the Wave Velocity of a Soil Layer
		3.1 Test Planning
		3.2 Data Processing
	4 Size Optimization of a Single Factor
		4.1 Single-Factor Data Processing
		4.2 Influence of the Depth Parameter on the Vibration Isolation Effect of Piles
		4.3 Influence of the Pile Spacing Parameter on the Vibration Isolation Effect of Piles
		4.4 Influence of the Width Parameter on the Vibration Isolation Effect of Piles
		4.5 Influence of the Vibration Source Distance Parameter on the Vibration Isolation Effect of Piles
	5 Size Optimization of Two Factors
		5.1 Two-Factor Data Processing
		5.2 Influence of the Slenderness Ratio δ on the Vibration Isolation Effect of the Piles
		5.3 Influence of the Relative Spacing of the Piles β on the Vibration Isolation Effect of the Piles
		5.4 Influence of the Relative Vibration Source Distance γ on the Vibration Isolation Effect of the Piles
	6 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
3 Vibration Isolation Mechanism of Row Piles Under Single-Point Excitation
	Abstract
	1 Foreword
	2 Vibration Isolation Principle
	3 Verifying the Validity of Finite Element Analysis
		3.1 Model Test Overview
		3.2 Finite Element Model Overview
			3.2.1 Model Size and Boundary Settings
			3.2.2 Model Material Parameters and Load Selection
		3.3 Comparison of Results
			3.3.1 Data Processing Method
			3.3.2 Comparison of the Model Test and FE Calculation Results
	4 Establishing the Finite Element Model and Design Scheme
		4.1 Establishing the Finite Element Model
			4.1.1 Model Size and Boundary Settings
			4.1.2 Model Material Parameters
			4.1.3 Vibration Load Setting
		4.2 Schematic Design
	5 Analysis of the Results
		5.1 Analysis of the Acceleration Characteristics of Row Pile Vibration Isolation
		5.2 Influence of the Row Pile Parameters on the Vibration Isolation Effect
			5.2.1 Number of Row Piles
			5.2.2 Pile Depth
			5.2.3 Pile Spacing
			5.2.4 Pile Shape
			5.2.5 Vibration Source Location
			5.2.6 Vibration Source Frequency
	6 Analysis of the Results
	References
4 Ground Vibration Induced by Moving Train Loads on Unsaturated Ground Using 2.5D FEM
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 2.5D FEM Formulations for Unsaturated Ground Vibration
		2.1 2.5D FEM of Unsaturated Soil
		2.2 Euler Beam Model of Track System
		2.3 Model Verification and Calculation Parameters
	3 Ground Vibration at Different Train Speeds
		3.1 Analysis of Ground Vibration at the Track Center
		3.2 Analysis of Ground Vibration at 8 m Away from the Track Center
	4 Excess Pore Water Pressures Under the Track at Different Train Speeds
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
5 Strategy for Constructing Environment Vibration Control System for High-Speed Railway
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Characteristics of Rail Transit Environmental 	Vibration Control
	3 Research Status of Environmental Vibration Control of High-Speed Railway
		3.1 Vibration Propagation Characteristics of High-Speed Railway
		3.2 Engineering Application of Vibration Reduction Track in High-Speed Railway
	4 The Key Technical Issues of High-Speed Railway Environmental Vibration Control
		4.1 The Availability of the Existing Typical Vibration Reduction Tracks
		4.2 Value Range of Key Dynamic Parameters of Vibration Damping Tracks
		4.3 Graded Vibration Damping and Performance Classify
		4.4 Research Strategy of High-Speed Railway Environment Vibration Control System
	5 The Property Maintenance of the Vibration Damping Track
	6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
6 Numerical Analysis of Train-Induced Vibrations Effect on Existing Masonry Building
	Abstract
	1 Instructions
	2 Experimental Introduction
	3 Numerical Analysis of Masonry Building
		3.1 The Research Object and Size of the Model
		3.2 Unit Type and Component Section
		3.3 Material Properties and the Selection of the Model Size
		3.4 Incentive Load Input
	4 Model Checking
		4.1 Vertical Vibration Level Analysis Comparison
		4.2 Vibration Acceleration Level Comparison
	5 Analysis of Vibration Response Regularity
		5.1 Changes in Vibration Along Floor Heights
		5.2 Distribution Regularity of Vibration Response on the Same Floor
	6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
7 Determination of Environmental Vibration Source Based on Natural Frequency of Different Bearing Slabs
	Abstract
	1 Instructions
	2 Theoretical Calculation
		2.1 Basic Assumption and Vibration Differential Equation
		2.2 Energy Method
		2.3 Deduction of Calculation Formula for Natural Vibration Frequency of Rectangular Thin Plate
		2.4 Calculation Natural Frequency of Rectangular Thin Plate
	3 Floor Numerical Model Analysis
	4 Vibration Analysis of Floor Caused by Subway
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
8 Experimental Study on Environmental Vibration Induced by Streetcar
	Abstract
	1 Test Equipment and Test Site Layout
	2 Data Analysis and Processing Methods
	3 Analysis of Experimental Results
		3.1 Time-Domain Analysis
		3.2 Frequency-Domain Analysis
		3.3 1/3 Octave Analysis
		3.4 Effective Value of Vibration Acceleration
	4 Evaluation of Environmental Vibration Caused by Tram
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
9 Study on the Train-Induced Vibration Transmission Within the Over-Track Building
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Description of Metro Depot and Over-Track Building
	3 Establishment of the Finite Element Model
		3.1 The Finite Element Model
		3.2 Damping
	4 Vibration Sources
		4.1 The Coupled Train–Track Model
		4.2 Excitation Due to Moving Trains
	5 Train-Induced Vibrations Inside the Over-Track Building
		5.1 Vibration Acceleration Level
		5.2 Spectrum in Frequency Domain
		5.3 1/3 Octave Spectrum
	6 Conclusion
	References
Soil Dynamics and Soil Structure Dynamic Interaction
10 Limit Analysis of Slope Stability During Pile Driving Considering Energy Dissipation Due to Deformation of Inner Friction
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Energy Dissipation Due to Deformation of Inner Friction
		2.1 A Quantitative Method for Energy Consumption of Friction Deformation
		2.2 The Realization of Multi-block Partitioning Method
	3 Stability Analysis of Slopes During Pile Driving Considering Energy Dissipation Due to Deformation of Inner Friction
		3.1 Rotational Failure Mechanism
		3.2 The Safety Factor
		3.3 Internal Power and External Power
	4 Stability Variation During Pile Driving
	5 Conclusions
	References
11 Influencing Factors and Significant Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Silty Clay Subgrade in Seasonal Frozen Area
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Test Content and Method
	3 Significance Analysis Principle
	4 Analysis of Test Results
		4.1 Analysis of Static Intensity of Soil
		4.2 Effect of Freezing and Thawing Rate on Soil Strength
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
12 Study on a Method of Horizontal Bearing Capacity of Anti-slide Pile Based on “C” Method
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 New Method for Horizontal Bearing Capacity of Piles
	3 Case Analysis
		3.1 Determination of Foundation Coefficient
		3.2 Pile Displacement Results
		3.3 Comparison of Different Methods of Bending Moment Diagram
	4 Numerical Simulation
		4.1 Model Establishment
		4.2 Model Parameter Selection and Boundary Conditions
		4.3 Model Results Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
13 Numerical Investigation on Screening Surface Waves Using a Buried Trench with Plate
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Definition and Modeling
		2.1 Three Cases of Buried Trenches with Plate
		2.2 Degree of Isolation
		2.3 Finite Element Model and Validation
	3 Parametric Study of Buried Trenches with Plates
		3.1 Effect of Buried Trench Location
		3.2 Effect of the Plate Location
		3.3 Effect of Plate Thickness and Width in Case 4
		3.4 The Benefits of a Plate in a Buried Trench System
	4 Conclusions
	References
14 Influence of Fibre-Reinforced Load Transfer Platform Supported Embankment on Floating Columns Improved Soft Soils
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Description of Case Study
	3 Numerical Modelling
		3.1 Finite Element Models and Parameters
	4 Analysis Results and Discussion
		4.1 Influence of FRLTP Addition on the Maximum Settlement and the Lateral Displacement
		4.2 Influence of FRLTP Thickness (H) on the Vertical Settlement
		4.3 Influence of FRLTP Thickness (H) on the Differential Settlement
	5 Conclusions
	References
15 Stability Analysis of Fractured Rock Slopes with Vertical Cracks Subjected to the Hydraulic Effect Based on the Hoek–Brown Failure Criterion
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The H-B Strength Criterion
		2.1 The Generalized H-B Failure Criterion
		2.2 The UBLA Method Based on the H-B Failure Criterion
		2.3 The Strength Reduction Technique Based on the H-B Failure Criterion
	3 Stability Analysis of the Fractured Rock Slopes with Vertical Cracks Subjected to the Hydraulic Effect Based on the H-B Failure Criterion
		3.1 Failure Mechanisms of Fractured Rock Slopes with Vertical Cracks
		3.2 Work Rate of the External Force
		3.3 Inner Energy Dissipation Rate
		3.4 Safety Factor
	4 Verification Calculation and Analysis
		4.1 Comparisons of the Homogeneous Slopes Based on the H-B Failure Criterion
		4.2 Comparisons of Homogeneous Slopes Full of Water Based on the H-B Failure Criterion
	5 Parametric Analysis
		5.1 Influence of the Groundwater Level and H-B Failure Criterion Parameters on the Fs
		5.2 Influence of the Crack Depth and H-B Failure Criterion Parameters on the Fs
		5.3 Influences of the Groundwater Level and Crack Depth on the Slope Critical Failure Surface
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	Appendix
	References
16 Permanent Deformation Behavior of Coarse-Grained Residual Subsoil Under Large Amplitude Loading Cycles
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Testing Methods
		2.1 Testing Materials
		2.2 Testing Apparatus
		2.3 Testing Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Testing Results
		3.2 Particle Breakage Index
		3.3 Resilient Modulus Prediction
		3.4 Deformation Behaviors
			3.4.1 Influence of CSR
			3.4.2 Influence of Confining Pressure
			3.4.3 Modeling of Cumulative Strain
	4 Case Study of Deformation Prediction
		4.1 Field-Testing Programs
		4.2 Traffic-Influenced Depth
		4.3 Deformation Prediction
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
17 Utility Trench Backfill Compaction Using Vibratory Plate Compactor Versus Excavator-Mounted Hydraulic Plate Compactor
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Field Testing Program
		2.1 Trench Geometry, Backfill Materials, and Compaction Equipment
		2.2 Instrumentation
		2.3 Test Procedure
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Compacted Dry Mass Density
		3.2 Compaction-Induced Earth Pressure
		3.3 Compaction-Induced Pipe Deformation
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
18 Dynamic Behaviors of Overconsolidated Remolded Red Clay Under Cyclic Compressive Stress Paths
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Dynamic Triaxial Test
		2.1 Test Soil Samples and Preparation
		2.2 Test Parameter Selection
		2.3 Test Loading Step
	3 The Results and Analyses of the Test
		3.1 Critical Dynamic Stress
		3.2 The Development Law of Cumulative Strain
		3.3 Dynamic Strength Characteristics
			3.3.1 Dynamic Strength Curve
			3.3.2 Dynamic Strength Parameters
	4 Conclusion
	References
19 Study on the Stress Deformation Behaviour of Half-Cover Excavation
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of the Project
	3 The Process of Modelling
		3.1 The Simulation Model
		3.2 Simulation of Construction Conditions
	4 Calculations and Analysis
		4.1 Analysis of Lateral Deformation of Retaining Pile Wall
		4.2 Analysis of the Bending Moment of the Pile
		4.3 Analysis of Support Axial Force
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
20 One-Dimensional Consolidation Tests and Cyclic Triaxial Tests on Structural Soft Clay in Southeast China
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Soil Properties
	3 One-Dimensional Consolidation Tests
	4 Cyclic Triaxial Tests
	5 Conclusions
	References
21 Disintegration Characteristics and Fractal Features of Red Sandstone During Drying–Wetting Cycles
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Study on the Disintegration Characteristics of Red Sandstone
		2.1 Purpose and Design of the Tests
		2.2 The Results and Analyses of Tests
	3 Study on Fractal Features of the Disintegration of Red Sandstone
		3.1 The Solution of a Fractal Dimension Based on the Relation of Quality and Particle Size
		3.2 Results Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
22 HCA Study of Permanent Deformation of Sand Under Train-Induced Stress Path Considering Variable Confining Pressure
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Laboratory Test
		2.1 Apparatus
		2.2 Sample Preparation
		2.3 Stress Path
		2.4 Test Program
	3 Test Results and Discussion
		3.1 Axial Permanent Deformation
		3.2 Axial Permanent Strain Increase Rate
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
High Speed Railway Geodynamics
23 Ground Vibration of Viaduct and Pile-Group Foundation Induced by Moving High-Speed Train
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Train, Track-Bridge, Bridge Pier, and Pile-Group Foundation Model
		2.1 Train Model
		2.2 Track-Bridge Model
		2.3 Bridge Pier Model
		2.4 Pile-Group Foundation Model
		2.5 Solution of the Axial Force
		2.6 Solution of Ground Vibration
	3 Verification of the Established Model
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Vibration Response of Layered Foundation
		4.2 Influence of Pile Diameter on Ground Vibration
		4.3 Influence of Pile Length on Ground Vibration
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
24 Ground-Borne Vibration Generated by High-Speed Trains on the Pile-Supported Subgrade Reinforced by Geogrid
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling Approach and Validation
		2.1 Mathematical Description of Train Loading
		2.2 Establishment of Model
		2.3 Validation
	3 Comparison of Ground Vibrations for Unreinforced Foundation and Composite Subgrade
		3.1 Computation Model
		3.2 Numerical Results
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
25 Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Vehicle Dynamic Load and Dynamic Response for Ballastless Track Subgrade
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Finite Model for Ballastless Track Subgrade
		2.1 Establishment and Solution of the Finite Model
		2.2 Constitutive Type
		2.3 Subgrade Constitutive Model of Roadbed
		2.4 Structure and Material Parameters
	3 Train Loads Input on the Finite Model
	4 Verification of Ballastless Track Subgrade
	5 Simulation Result Analysis
		5.1 The Distribution and Attenuation Regularity of Vertical Dynamic Stress
		5.2 The Vertical Displacement Distribution and Attenuation Regularity
		5.3 The Distribution and Attenuation Rule of Acceleration
	6 Conclusions and Suggestions
	Acknowledgements
	References
26 Dynamic Field Tests on the Base of a Large Cross-Section High-Speed Railway Tunnel
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Description of Testing Procedure
		2.1 Testing Section
		2.2 Loading System
		2.3 Loading Schemes
	3 Results and Analyses
		3.1 Vertical Dynamic Displacement Responses
		3.2 Vertical Vibration Velocity Responses
		3.3 Vertical Dynamic Stress Responses
		3.4 Excess Pore Water Pressure Responses
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
27 Interaction Between Tracks and Continuous Rigid-Frame Bridge Carrying High-Speed Railway
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Interaction Model for Continuous Rigid-Frame Bridge and Track System
	3 Load and Parameter Analysis for Bridge–Track System
		3.1 Thermal Effect
		3.2 Temperature Gradient Effect
		3.3 Live Load Effect
		3.4 Train Braking Effect
		3.5 Wind Pressure Effect
		3.6 Uneven Settlement Effect
		3.7 Concrete Shrinkage and Creep Effect
		3.8 Earthquake Effect
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
28 Field Observations on Mud Pumping of Ballastless Track in High-Speed Railway
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 On-Site Sampling Experiment
	3 Experiment Results and Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
29 Analysis of Dynamic Response of Pile-Slab Subgrade Transition Section in High-Speed Railway Based on In Situ Testing
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of the In Situ Test
		2.1 The General Situation of Work Site
		2.2 The Layout of Test Sections and Components
		2.3 Test Data Extraction
	3 Dynamic Response Characteristics of Pile-Slab Subgrade Transition Section
		3.1 Longitudinal Distribution of Dynamic Response
			3.1.1 Vertical Vibration Acceleration
			3.1.2 Vertical Dynamic Displacement
			3.1.3 Comparative Analysis of the Influence About EMU Type on Dynamic Response
		3.2 Lateral Distribution of Dynamic Response on the Pile-Slab Subgrade Transition
			3.2.1 Vertical Vibration Acceleration
			3.2.2 Vertical Dynamic Displacement
			3.2.3 Lateral Attenuation Change of the Dynamic Response
	4 Summary and Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
30 Lower Bound Shakedown Limit Analysis of Slab Railway Tracks: Numerical Approach
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Shakedown Concept
	3 A Numerical Approach for the Assessment of Ground Elastic Stresses Induced by Railway Traffic
	4 Assessment of the Shakedown Limit Trough the Lower Bound Theorem
	5 Numerical Application
		5.1 General Description of the Model
		5.2 Influence of the Train Speed and Soil Properties
		5.3 Influence of Train Geometry
	6 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
31 Influence of Subgrade Settlement on Dynamic Characteristics of CRTS II Slab Orbit
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Establishment
	3 Effect of Track Irregularity on Rail Vibration
	4 Effects of Different Settling Wavelengths on Rail Vibration
	5 Effect of Train Speed on Rail Vibration
	6 Conclusion
	References
32 Dynamic Simulation and Analysis of a High-Speed Maglev Train/Guideway Interaction System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Models
		2.1 Model 1
		2.2 Model 2
		2.3 Model 3
	3 Response Analysis
		3.1 Comparative Analysis of the Vehicle Responses
		3.2 Comparison of Computational Efficiency
	4 Parameter Analysis
		4.1 Effects of Velocity and Dynamic Amplification
		4.2 Effects of Suspension Stiffness and Damping
	5 Conclusion
	References
33 Study on Properties of Polyurethane Grouting Foam Material for High-Speed Railway Track Lifting
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Formula Optimization of PGFM
			3.1.1 Polyether Polyol Molecular Weight and Functionality
			3.1.2 Chain Extender Contents
			3.1.3 Catalyst Spaces and Contents
			3.1.4 Isocyanate Index (R-Value)
		3.2 Properties of PGFM
			3.2.1 The Effect of PGFM Density on Mechanical Properties, Water Absorption and Frost Resistance
			3.2.2 Acid and Alkali Resistance of PGFM
			3.2.3 Aging Performance of PGFM
			3.2.4 Heavy Metal Ions and Halogen in PGFM and Harmful Substances in PGFM Immersion Water
		3.3 Experiments of PGFM After Grouting
			3.3.1 The Lifting Process of Track Structure
			3.3.2 Mechanical Properties of PGFM During Service Process
			3.3.3 The Diffusibility of PGFM Under Track Structure
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
34 Monitoring Technology of Ballast Track in Rail Expansion Joint Area of High-Speed Railway
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Monitoring Sites
	3 Monitoring Content
		3.1 Temperature Monitoring
		3.2 Rail Expansion Displacement Monitoring
		3.3 Sleeper Spacing and Deformation Monitoring
		3.4 Bridge Beam End Value Monitoring
		3.5 Structural Apparent State Monitoring
	4 Monitoring Method
		4.1 Image Recognition Technology
		4.2 Displacement Label
	5 Monitoring System
		5.1 Data Measurement Subsystem
		5.2 Data Collection and Transmission Subsystem
		5.3 Data Management Analysis Subsystem
	6 Data Analysis and Defect Detection
		6.1 Monitoring Data Analysis
		6.2 Defect Detection
	7 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
Heavy Haul Railway Geodynamics
35 Effect of Irregular Shape and Cyclic Loading Frequency on the Dynamic Behavior of Railway Ballast
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Irregular-Shaped Particles and Contact Between Polyhedrons
		2.1 Irregular-Shaped Polyhedral Particles
		2.2 Contact Between Polyhedrons
	3 Simulation of Triaxial Test and Experimental Verification
		3.1 The Numerical Model of Polyhedral Particle Triaxial Test
		3.2 The Experiment of Large-Scale Triaxial Testing
		3.3 Parameters of the Numerical Model and Verification
	4 Effect of Irregular Shapes on the Dynamic Behavior of Ballast
	5 Conclusion
	References
36 Numerical Investigation of Vibrational Acceleration Level for a Ballasted Railway Track During Train Passage in Seasonally Frozen Regions
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Governing Equations and Numerical Methods
		2.1 Equations of Temperature Field
		2.2 Transient Dynamic Equations
	3 Engineering Cases
		3.1 Description of Harbin–Qiqihar Railway
		3.2 Numerical Simulation on Temperature Characteristics of Embankment
		3.3 Numerical Simulation on Vertical Acceleration Characteristics of Embankment
		3.4 Parametric Studies
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
37 Influence of Track Irregularities in the Stress Levels of the Ballasted and Ballastless Tracks
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Model
		2.1 Modelling of the Track (2.5D FEM-PML Approach)
		2.2 Modelling of the Vehicle
	3 Case Study
		3.1 Modelling of the Quasi-static Mechanism and Dynamic Mechanism
		3.2 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Subway/Metro Vibration and Geodynamics
38 Prediction Method for Metro Environmental Vibrations Based on Measurement
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Summary of the Measured Prediction Method
	3 Transfer Function Prediction Method
		3.1 Transfer Function Prediction Method Based on Impulse Excitation
		3.2 Artificial Single-Point Pulse Excitation Method
		3.3 Vibration Prediction Method Based on the Measured Frequency Response Function
	4 Prediction Examples
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
39 Dynamic Response Analysis of the Subway Station Under Moving Train Loads
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Model
		2.1 Train-Track Model
		2.2 Subway Station–Soil FE-IFE Coupled Model
	3 Results and Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
40 Comparative Experimental Study on Vibration Isolation Effect of Combined Track Bed in Metro Tunnel
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Vibration Isolation Principle
		2.1 Single-Layer Vibration Isolation Principle
		2.2 Double-Layer Vibration Isolator Vibration Isolation Principle
	3 Test Overview
	4 Evaluation Criteria and Data Processing Methods
	5 Test Results and Analysis
		5.1 Analysis of Vibration Characteristics of the Combined Track Bed
		5.2 Contrast of Vibration Reduction Effect Between Steel Spring Floating Slab and Combined Track Bed
	6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
41 Analyses of Metro Train-Induced Vibration of Building Above Subway Tunnel
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Prediction Model
		2.1 Spatial Train–FST Coupled Dynamics Subsystem
		2.2 FE Model of Track–Tunnel–Soil–Building Subsystem
	3 Numerical Prediction
		3.1 Dynamics Parameters
		3.2 Predicted Results
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
42 Case Study on Rail Train-Induced Vibration Reduction at the Metro Depot by Using the Open Trench
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 In-site Test Measurements
		2.1 Test Scheme
		2.2 Time-Domain Analysis of Test Results
		2.3 Frequency-Domain Analysis of Test Results
	3 Conclusions
	Funding Information
	References
43 Estimation of Amplitude-Dependent Dynamic Parameters from Ambient Vibration Data
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Principle of Random Decrement Technique
	3 Application to a Steel Frame Structure
		3.1 Description of the Steel Frame
		3.2 Data Processing Procedure and Results
	4 Application to an Actual Building
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
44 Research on Band Gap Characteristics of Periodic Isolation Barrier for Metro
	Abstract
	1 Analysis of Band Gap of Periodic Isolation Barrier
		1.1 Transfer Matrix Method
			1.1.1 Derivation of Transfer Matrix
			1.1.2 Calculation of Energy Band Structure
		1.2 Calculation of Band Gap Frequency
	2 Research on the Parameters of Periodic Isolation Barrier
		2.1 Elastic Moduli
		2.2 Thickness
		2.3 Density
	3 Field Test of Vibration Acceleration of Vibration Source
		3.1 Field Test
		3.2 Final Solution
	4 Conclusion
	References
45 Vibration Reduction with Rows of Arbitrarily Arranged Elastic Piles in Saturated Soil by Multiple Scattering Method
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Analysis Model
		2.2 Governing Equations and Solutions
	3 Numerical Results
		3.1 Effect of Scattering Orders
		3.2 Effect of Separations Between Piles
		3.3 Effect of Distances Between Pile Rows
		3.4 Effect of Shear Modulus Ratio of Pile and Soil
		3.5 Effect of Barrier Size
	4 Concluding Remarks
	Acknowledgements
	References
Transportation Geodynamics
46 Experimental Study on High Rockfill Embankment Filling Quality Controlled by Rolling-Dynamic Compaction Technology
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodologies
		2.1 Rolling Compaction Quality Evaluation Index
		2.2 Dynamic Compaction Effect Evaluation Method
	3 Field Experiments
		3.1 RC Experiments Design
		3.2 DC Experiments Design
	4 Results
		4.1 RC Experiments Results Analysis
		4.2 DC Experiments Results Analysis
		4.3 Dynamic Compaction Effect Evaluation
	5 Conclusions
	References
47 Prediction Model for Mechanical Properties of Iron Ore Tailings Recycled Concrete Based on Foundation Treatment
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Introduction to Tests
		2.1 Test Materials
		2.2 Mix Design
	3 Analysis of Single-Factor Test Program and Results
		3.1 Test Program of Iron Tailings Recycled Concrete Under a Single Factor
		3.2 Test Results and Analysis
	4 Quadratic Orthogonal Combinatorial Test Program and Compressive Strength Prediction Model
		4.1 Test Program
		4.2 Compressive Strength Prediction Model
		4.3 Analysis of Sensitive Parameters of Compressive Strength of Iron Tailings Recycled Concrete
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
48 Dynamic Impendence of Pile Group Foundation of Bridge Based on the TLM-PML-VM Method
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Green’s Function of Subsoil Displacement by TLM-PML
		2.1 TLM Soil Model
		2.2 TLM Soil Model with PML Boundary
	3 Dynamic Impedance of pile group Foundation of Bridge by the TLM-PML-VM
	4 Case Study and Validation
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
49 Backbone Curve Model of Saturated Coarse-Grained Soil Under Train-Induced Cyclic Loading
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Dynamic Triaxial Test
		2.1 Coarse-Grained Soil (CGS)
		2.2 Test Program
	3 Testing Results and Analysis
		3.1 Dynamic Stress Amplitude
		3.2 Cyclic Number
	4 The Backbone Curve Model
		4.1 The Backbone Curve of Dynamic Stress–Strain Relationship
		4.2 Mathematical Model of the Backbone Curve
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
50 Vibration Reduction Performance of a Periodic Layered Slab Track
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Theory
		2.1 Governing Equations
		2.2 Periodic Boundary Conditions
		2.3 Dispersion Relationship and Attenuation Zones
	3 Model and Calculation Parameters
		3.1 Design of the Periodic Layered Slab Track System
		3.2 Vehicle-Rail-Periodic Layered Slab Track Coupled System
		3.3 Wheel–Rail Hertz Contact Stiffness and Track Irregularity
	4 Dynamic Performance of the Periodic Layered 	Slab Track
		4.1 Numerical Analysis and Modal Verify
		4.2 Results and Discussion
		4.3 Comparative Analysis of Vibration Attenuation Performance with Floating Slab Track
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
51 Grouting Pressure Distribution Model for the Simultaneous Grouting of Shield Tunneling While Considering the Diffusion of Slurry
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Synchronous Grouting Diffusion Theory Considering the Time-Varying of Slurry Viscosity
		2.1 Bingham Fluid Flow Characteristics
		2.2 Basic Assumptions
		2.3 Influence of Simultaneous Grouting Slurry Diffusion on Grouting Pressure
	3 Synchronous Grouting Diffusion Theory Considering the Time-Varying of Slurry Viscosity
	4 The Example Analysis
		4.1 Project Profile
		4.2 Calculation of Project Instance
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
52 Test Perceptions on the Degradation of Aggregate Subjected to Cyclic Triaxial Loading
	Abstract
	1 Tested Sample and Equipment
	2 Laboratory Tests
	3 Test Results and Analysis
		3.1 Static Monotonic Loading Test [6]
		3.2 Cyclic Loading Test
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
53 Comparison of Dynamic Modulus Assignments for Isparta State Highways According to Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Method
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Mastercurve and Shift Factors
		2.2 Level 3 Analysis
		2.3 Review of the US Dynamic Modulus Database and Predictive Models
	3 Data Analysis and Comparison Results
		3.1 Description of Materials
		3.2 Climatic Data Analysis
		3.3 Development of Mastercurve
	4 Conclusion
	References
54 Expanded Glass Usability in Hot-Mix Asphalt as Fine Aggregate
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Bitumen
		2.3 Expanded Glass
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
55 Determination of Safety Distance of Twin Tunnel Underpassing Existing Tunnels
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Calculation of Safe Construction Distance
	3 Numerical Simulation
		3.1 Dimensions and Boundary Conditions
		3.2 Simulation Conditions
		3.3 Model Parameters
	4 Results and Analysis
	5 Grouting Reinforcement
	6 Conclusion
	References
56 Analysis of the Mechanical Response of Asphalt Pavement with Different Types of Base
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Asphalt Pavement Structures and Calculation Model
		2.1 Three Pavement Structure Schemes and Material Parameters
		2.2 Calculation Software and Calculation Schema
	3 Analysis of the Calculation of Mechanical Response
		3.1 Maximum Tensile Strain of Surface Layers
		3.2 Maximum Tensile Stress of Pavement Structure
	4 Maximum Shear Stress of Surface Layer
	5 Engineering Application
		5.1 Deflection Test
		5.2 Roughness Inspection
		5.3 Pavement Condition Investigation
	6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
57 The Behavior of Cement-Treated Crushed Rock Material Under the Cyclic-Loading Test with Multiple Amplitude of Applied Strain
	Abstract
	1 Introduction and Background
	2 Specimen Preparation and Tests Performed
		2.1 Specimen Preparation
		2.2 Four-Point Bending (4 PB) Test
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Constant-Strain Amplitude Test
		3.2 Multi-strain Amplitude Test
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
58 Shakedown Analysis of Flexible Pavement on Saturated Subgrade Under Moving Traffic Loading
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Shakedown Theory
	3 Dynamic Stress Response of Layered Saturated Half-Space
		3.1 Governing Equations of Saturated Poroelastic Half-Pace
		3.2 Solutions for the Layered Half-Space
	4 Verification of Numerical Approach
	5 Shakedown of Homogeneous Saturated Ground
		5.1 Effects of Moving Loading’s Velocity
		5.2 Effects of Soil’s Permeability Coefficient
	6 Shakedown of Flexible Pavement on a Saturated Subgrade
	7 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
59 Application of Geosynthetics in Highway Engineering
	Abstract
	1 Classification of Geosynthetics
		1.1 Geotextiles
		1.2 Geomembrane
		1.3 Geogrid
		1.4 Special Geosynthetics
		1.5 Composite Geosynthetics
	2 Characteristics of Geosynthetics
		2.1 Physical Characteristics
		2.2 Mechanical Properties
		2.3 Durability
		2.4 Permeability
	3 The Principle of Geosynthetics
		3.1 Protection
		3.2 Drainage
		3.3 Filter Layer
		3.4 Isolation
		3.5 Reinforcement
		3.6 Impervious
	4 Application Methods in Highway Engineering
		4.1 Soft Foundation
		4.2 Differential Settlement
		4.3 Pavement Cracks
		4.4 Slope Protection
		4.5 Drainage
	5 Project Examples
	6 Existing Problems and Research Directions
	7 Conclusion
	References
60 Investigation the Usability of Garnet as Filler Material in Hot Mix Asphalt
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Aggregate
		2.2 Bitumen
		2.3 Garnet
		2.4 Superpave Volumetric Mix Design
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
61 Utility of Aramid, Polyolefin and Polypropylene Combination in Hot Mix Asphalt as a Fiber Material
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Details
		2.1 Methodology
		2.2 Materials
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
62 Study on Mechanical Properties of Styrene-Acrylic Emulsion-Based Cement Composite Pavement Joint Sealant
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Test Preparation
		2.1 Raw Materials
		2.2 Specimen Preparation
		2.3 Specimen Preparation
	3 Study on Influencing Factors of Mechanical Properties of SCPJS
		3.1 Experiment Plan
		3.2 Results and Discussion
	4 Study on Effect of Powder-Latex Ratio on Mechanical Properties of SCPJS
		4.1 Experiment Plan
		4.2 Results and Discussion
		4.3 Analysis of Microscopic Mechanism
	5 Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
Structural Dynamics
63 Study of the Influence of Undulating Terrain in the Regional Wind Field on a Freeway Bridge Section
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The Numerical Analysis Model
	3 Influence of Windward Side Topographic Variation in the Wind Field on the Bridge Section
		3.1 Change of Wind Field When the Height of Undulating Terrain Is Different
		3.2 Change of Wind Field When the Distance Between the Undulating Terrain and the Bridge Is Different
	4 Influence of Lee Side Topographic Variation in the Wind Field on the Bridge Section
	5 Influence of Both Sides Topographic Variation in the Wind Field on the Bridge Section
	6 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
64 Parametric Study on Dynamic Performance of Transition Section of Steel Spring Floating 	Slab Track
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Project Outline
	3 Establishment of Finite Element Models
	4 Orthogonal Test
		4.1 Natural Frequency Analysis
		4.2 Dynamic Characteristics Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
65 Vertical Vibration Propagation in Periodic Frame Structures
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Model
	3 Dispersion Calculations
	4 Numerical Simulations
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
66 Recent Developments of Long-Span Highway Bridges in China
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Suspension Bridge
		2.1 Sanchaji Bridge
		2.2 Xihoumen Bridge
		2.3 Taizhou Bridge
		2.4 Aizhai Bridge
	3 Cable-Stayed Bridge
		3.1 Sutong Bridge
		3.2 Stonecutters Bridge
		3.3 Minpu Bridge
		3.4 E’dong Bridge
		3.5 Er’Qi Bridge
		3.6 Bridge of Recently Built
	4 Arch Bridge
		4.1 Xingguang Construction
		4.2 Caiyuanba Construction
		4.3 Taipinghu Construction
		4.4 Chaotianmen Construction
	5 Fixed Links
		5.1 Donghai Bridge
		5.2 Hangzhou Bay Bridge
		5.3 Zhoushan Island Link
		5.4 Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Link
	6 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
67 Influence of Steel Spring Failure of Floating Slab Track on Vibration Characteristics of Infrastructure
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Model and Parameters
		2.1 Train-Track Coupled Dynamics Model
		2.2 Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of Tunnel and Soil
	3 Numerical Calculation and Results Analysis
		3.1 Characteristics of Reaction Forces of Steel Springs
		3.2 Vibration Characteristics of Tunnel and Soil
		3.3 Distribution of the Vertical Acceleration for Soil
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
68 Experimental Study on the Transfer Characteristic and Deformation of Three Types of Combine Track System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Test Track and Track Systems
		2.1 Test Track
		2.2 Combine Track Systems
		2.3 Loading Systems
	3 Test Contents and Equipment
		3.1 Test Contents
		3.2 Test Equipment
	4 Test Results
		4.1 Frequency Response Characteristics
		4.2 Rail Vertical Deformation
	5 Conclusions
	References
69 Analysis of Accurate Dynamic Responses on Orthotropic Steel Deck Based on Multi-scale Time-Varying Boundary Approximation Method
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Multi-scale Time-Varying Boundary Approximation Method
		2.1 Method Overview
		2.2 Theoretical Derivation
	3 Case Study
		3.1 Original and Refined Models
		3.2 Dynamic Responses
			3.2.1 Dynamic Responses of Original Model
			3.2.2 Dynamic Responses of Refined Model
		3.3 Validation Calculation of Detailed Model
	4 Conclusions
	References
70 IGN Method and Matrices Equivalence of Regularization Jacobian Matrix in Solving NLS Survey Adjustment Problems
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Ill-Posed Problem in the NLS Methods
	3 An Improved Gauss-Newton NLS Method
		3.1 Regularization of NLS Problems
		3.2 The Improved Gauss-Newton Method Solving the Ill-posed Problems
		3.3 Matrices Equivalence for Regularization Jacobian Matrices
	4 Experimental Analyses
		4.1 Experiments for General NLS Problems
		4.2 Experiments for Survey Adjustment
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
71 Study on Safety Analysis of the Adjacent Operation Tunnel Under the Blasting Load
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Field Measurement
		2.1 Engineering Situation
		2.2 Vibration Speed Collection and Analysis
	3 Numerical Calculation
		3.1 Calculation Model
		3.2 Blasting Load
		3.3 Boundary Treatment
	4 Results Analysis
		4.1 Vibration Speed
		4.2 Stress and Strains Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References