Advances in Engineering and Information Science Toward Smart City and Beyond

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Contributors
Critical Infrastructures Resilience in the Context of a Physical Protection System
	1 Introduction
	2 Perceiving the Resilience in a Critical Infrastructure System
	3 Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures Elements
	4 Security Factors of the Physical Protection System
	5 Assessing the Critical Infrastructures Elements Resilience Using Security Factors of the Physical Protection System
		5.1 Assessment Parameters of the Physical Protection System Security Factors
		5.2 The Procedure for Assessing the Critical Infrastructures Elements Resilience Against Intentional Threats of a Physical Nature
	6 Conclusion
	References
Smart City Security Based on a Meta-Security Framework for Digital Twins
	1 Introduction
	2 Review of Smart City Security and Digital Twins
		2.1 Smart City Security
		2.2 Security Study on Digital Twins
		2.3 Models of Digital Twins
	3 Problem Statement
	4 Introduction of Meta-Security for Digital Twins
		4.1 Model of Meta-Security
		4.2 Use Cases of Meta-Security Framework in Smart City
	5 Future Direction of Smart City Security
	6 Conclusion
	References
On-Premise Artificial Intelligence as a Service for Small and Medium Size Setups
	1 Introduction
	2 Infrastructure Automation
		2.1 Infrastructure Automation Lifecycle
		2.2 Technology Stack for On-Premise Infrastructure Automation
		2.3 Semi-automated Solutions for On-Premise Infrastructure Deployments
	3 Machine Learning Automation
		3.1 Technology Stack for Cloud-Native ML Automation
		3.2 On-premise AIaaS Deployment Guidelines
	4 Conclusions
	References
Incentives in Surplus Food Distribution for Smart Cities and Beyond: An Activity Aware Solution
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Algorithms and Methodology
		3.1 Notations and Problem Formulation
		3.2 Proposed Mechanism
	4 Algorithm Analysis
	5 Results
		5.1 Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Evaluation of Smart Charging Integrated with Smart Energy Management  and Advance Booking in an eMobility  Urban Living Lab
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
	4 Reference Architecture (RA)
	5 Planning and Implementation of the eMobility Demonstrators
		5.1 Planning of the Oslo Demonstrators
		5.2 Implementation of Demo 1
		5.3 Implementation of Demo 2
	6 Evaluation and Lessons Learned
		6.1 Impact on Stakeholder Awareness and Acceptance
		6.2 Process Evaluation Findings
	7 Discussion
		7.1 Recommendations
		7.2 Deployment of Smart Charging in Large Urban Areas
		7.3 Validity of the Results
	8 Conclusion
	References
Vehicle Allocation Algorithm Improving User Satisfaction in Ride-Sharing
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Vehicle Allocation Based on User Satisfaction
		3.1 Use Case
		3.2 Overview of Vehicle Allocation
		3.3 Successive Best Insertion (SBI) Algorithm
		3.4 Cost Functions
	4 Evaluation
		4.1 Experiment Environment
		4.2 User Satisfaction Metric
		4.3 User Satisfaction Against the User Satisfaction Preference Weights
		4.4 Economy User Satisfaction Against Different Fare Parameters
		4.5 User Satisfaction Against Different Weight Distribution
	5 Conclusion
	References
A City Airspace Testbed for Drone Networks in Future Smart Cities
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 City Airspace Testbed for Future Smart Cities
		3.1 Key Concepts
		3.2 Self-standing Smart Pole as a Hovering Drone
	4 Field Experiments
		4.1 Experiment 1: Emulating Multiple Hovering Drones using Self-standing Smart Poles
		4.2 Experiment 2: Inter-drone Communication and Its Quality
		4.3 Experiment 3: Taking Video from Hovering Drones
	5 Conclusions
	References
A Feasibility Study of Tethered Autonomous Moving Cells for Smart City
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Tethered Cell
		3.1 Concept
		3.2 Fiber Reel
		3.3 Slackness Control Algorithm
	4 Numerical Results
		4.1 Simulation Condition
		4.2 Simulation Results
	5 Experimental Results
		5.1 Use Case 1: Ground Robot
		5.2 Use Case 2: Floating Node
	6 Conclusion
	References
Relationship Among Different Types of Input and Model Accuracies in LSTM Driver Models
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Experimental Methods
		3.1 Participants in the Experiment
		3.2 Driving Simulator
		3.3 Experimental Scenario
		3.4 LSTM
		3.5 Model Evaluation Methods and Model Accuracy
	4 Results
		4.1 Evaluation of Model Accuracy Using Coefficient of Determination
		4.2 Model Accuracy for LSTM Input Patterns
		4.3 Effects of Logarithmic Distance Between EGV and PRV
		4.4 Effects of THW, TTC, Relative Velocity, and Headway Distance
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Model Accuracy When THW and TTC Are Used as Inputs
		5.2 Effect of Input Features on Model Accuracy
		5.3 Effect of Logarithmic Distance Between EGV and PRV on Model Accuracy
	6 Limitations
	7 Conclusion
	References
Watch-from-Inside: 3D Sensor System Deployed Inside Building for Road Safety
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed System
		3.1 System Model
		3.2 Methodology
	4 Evaluation
		4.1 Experiment for Data Collection
		4.2 Construction of Conversion Model
		4.3 Construction of ML Model
		4.4 Evaluation Result
		4.5 Detection Accuracy Versus Distance
	5 Evaluation for Experiment at Real Intersection
		5.1 Setup for Outdoor Experiments
		5.2 Evaluation Result
	6 Conclusion
	References
Federated Learning with Client Selection in Resource-Uncertain Wireless Networks: Simulation and Proof of Concept Experiments
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Related Works and Problem Statement
		1.2 Our Work
	2 Prior Work: Federated Learning with Client Selection
	3 Federated Learning with Multi-armed Bandit-Based Client Selection
		3.1 System Model
		3.2 Multi-armed Bandit-Based Client Selection
	4 Simulation and Experimental Evaluation
		4.1 ML Setups
		4.2 Simulation Settings
		4.3 Simulation Results
		4.4 Experimental Settings
		4.5 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Index