Advances in Engineered Cementitious Composite: Materials, Structures, and Numerical Modeling

Front Matter
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Introduction to the development and application of engineered cementitious composite (ECC)
	Introduction
	Research and development of ECC materials
	Research and development of ECC structure components and structural applications
	Research and development of numerical modeling methods for ECC materials and structures
	Layout and content of this book
	References
Mechanical behavior of a polyvinyl alcohol engineered cementitious composite (PVA-ECC) using local ingredients
	Introduction
	Materials and specimens
		Materials and mix proportions
		Specimen preparation
	Experimental programs
		Uniaxial compression test
		Young's modulus test
		Uniaxial tension test
		Four-point bending test
	Experimental results and discussion
		Compressive properties of the PVA-ECC
		Tensile properties of the PVA-ECC
		Flexural properties of the PVA-ECC
	Statistical data analysis
	Conclusions
	References
All-strength-grade polyethylene engineered cementitious composite (PE-ECC): Mechanicalperf
	Introduction
	Experimental program
		Materials and mix proportions
		Mixing and curing procedures
		Testing procedure
			Compressive test
			Direct tensile test
			Shear test
	Mechanical and energy parameters and performance-based design method
		Compressive properties
			Failure mode
			Stress-strain curve
			Compressive parameters
				Elastic modulus
				Toughness index
				Poisson's ratio
				Strain at peak stress
			Constitutive model
				Nonlinear analysis model
				Proposed design model for ECC
		Tensile properties and performance-based design
			Tensile parameters
			Performance-based design concept of all-grade PE-ECC
		Energy dissipation characteristics of all-grade PE-ECC
			Strain energy density
			Fracture energy
		Shear properties
	Conclusions and future research
	References
Material properties and high-velocity impact responses of a new hybrid fiber-reinforced engineered cementiti
	Introduction
	Behavior of ECC material incorporating with hybrid fibers
		Materials
		Preparation of specimen
			Specimens dimensions
			Mixing procedures
			Specimen casting
			Mix proportions
		Tests setup
			Uniaxial compression
			Flexual test: Four-point bending test
			Uniaxial tensile
			High-velocity impact test
				Projectiles
				Impact test
		Results and discussion for material properties
			Uniaxial compression strength
			Flexural strength
			Uniaxial tensile strength
				Test with varying strain rate
				Test results
	Analysis of high-velocity impact responses of ECC panels
		Postimpact failures of single projectile impact
			Postimpact failure of ECC panels
			Postimpact failure of plain concrete panels
			Comparison of postimpact damage parameters
		Effects of double projectile impact
		Results discussion
			Penetration depth
			Perforation velocity
			Size of cratering, scabbing, and bulging
			Impact energy and fragmentations
				Impact energy
				Fragmentation
			Failure mechanisms
	Conclusions
	References
	Further reading
Bond behavior of deformed bars in steel-polyethylene hybrid fiber engineered cementitious composite (ECC)
	Introduction
	Experimental program
		Materials and mix proportions
		Specimen design
		Test setup and instrumentation
	Experimental results
		Failure patterns
		Bond strength and bond stress-slip curves
	Discussions
		Effects of parameters on bond behavior
			Anchorage length (la)
			Cover thickness (c)
			Rebar diameter (d)
		Average bond strength
		Critical anchorage length
		Design anchorage length based on the reliability analysis
		Damage classification through AE analysis
			Cumulative AE hits
			Cumulative AE energy
		Damage characteristics and qualifications
			Cumulative AE parameters
			Ib-value
			AE signal intensity
	Conclusions and future research
	References
Structural behavior of reinforced polyvinyl alcohol engineered cementitious composite (PVA-ECC) beams under st ...
	Introduction
	Experimental program
		Beam design
		Test setup and instrumentation
		Fatigue loading condition
	Static test results
		Load-deflection relationship
			RC beams versus RECC beams
			RC-NS beams versus RECC-NS beams
			RECC beams versus RECC-NS beams
			PECC beams versus RECC-NS beams
		Failure mode
		Ductility
		Moment-curvature relationship
		Crack patterns and development
			Development of the single crack
			Development of the total crack mouth opening displacement
		PVA-ECC matrix and steel reinforcement bond behavior
		Strain distribution in reinforcement bars
	Fatigue test results
		Failure mode
		Mid-span deflection
		Stiffness degradation
		Strain analysis
		Stress range-fatigue life relationship
		Crack development
			Crack pattern and propagation
			Development of single crack width
			Development of total crack mouth opening displacement (TCMOD)
		Bonding between the matrix and tensile reinforcement bars
	Conclusion
	References
Enhancement on the flexural behavior of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) encased steel composite beams
	Introduction
	Experimental program
		Details of the materials
			Steel section
			ECC, LWC, and NC
		Details of the test specimens
		Preparation of the test specimens
		Casting procedure
		Test method and instrumentation
	Experimental results
		Mechanical properties of the materials
		Load-deflection responses, failure modes, and DIC analysis of the beams
			Series-I beams: ECC-LWC encased compact normal strength steel composite beams
			Series-II beams: ECC-LWC encased compact high strength steel composite beams
			Series-III beams: ECC-LWC encased slender high strength steel composite beams
		Strain analysis of the beams
			Series-I beams: ECC-LWC encased compact normal strength steel composite beams
			Series-II beams: ECC-LWC encased compact high strength steel composite beams
			Series-III beams: ECC-LWC encased slender high strength steel composite beams
		Comparison of different series of beams
	Conclusions
	References
Structural behavior of engineered cementitious composite (ECC)-concrete encased steel composite columns under axia
	Introduction
	Experimental program
		Plate slenderness of steel sections
		Casting process of columns
		Testing procedure and instrumentation plan
	Compressive behavior of tested columns
		Failure modes and mechanism
			Control columns
			ECC-CES columns
			ECC-concrete columns
		Load-deformation behavior
		Ductility
		Energy absorption capacity
		Initial stiffness
		Detailed strain analysis
			Strain development patterns
			Strain analysis
	Ultimate compressive strength of ECC-CES columns
	Concluding remarks
	References
Flexural behavior of fire-damaged RC slabs strengthened with basalt fabric-reinforced engineered cemen
	Introduction
	Experimental program
		Details of test specimens
		Properties of material
			Concrete and steel reinforcement
			BFRS composite
		Testing procedure
			Fire test
			Strengthening procedure
			Four-point bending test
	Fire test results
	Bending test results and discussion
		Test observations and failure modes
		Load responses
		Load-deflection behavior
		Ductility performance
			Displacement ductility
			Energy ductility
		Strain measurements
	Conclusions
	References
Numerical modeling of the flow of self-consolidating engineered cementitious composite (ECC) using smoothed p ...
	Introduction
	Numerical strategy for modeling SC-ECC flow
		Governing equations of SC-ECC
		Rheology behavior of self-consolidating ECC
			Rheology behavior
			Input rheology parameters for modeling SC-ECC flow
		Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH)
			The basic concept of SPH in simulating viscous flow
			Boundary conditions in SPH
		Treatment of flexible synthetic fiber
	Weakly compressible SPH and time integration scheme
		Weakly compressible SPH
		Time integration scheme
	Simulation results
		2D simulation: Slump flow test
		3D simulation
			V-funnel test
			U-box test
			Observation of the motion of the fibers
	Conclusions
	References
Multiscale modeling of multiple-cracking fracture behavior of engineered cementitious composite (ECC)
	Introduction
	Microscale and lower-mesoscale modeling
		Fiber bridging behavior
		Crack bridging model
		Degradation of crack bridging under fatigue loading
	Upper-mesoscale modeling
		Description of the model
			Boundary conditions
			Modeling philosophy
			Material randomness
		Implementation of the modeling
			Integrated CZM-XFEM method
			A new four-node quadrilateral element
			Homogenization for material properties
			Flow chart
	Demonstrations
		Static uniaxial tensile behavior
			Size effect of the RVE model
			Saturate cracking
			Role of fly ash
		Bridging stress degradation under fatigue loading
	Conclusions
	References
A constitutive model for numerical modeling of steel fiber-reinforced concrete
	Introduction
	A constitutive model for steel fiber-reinforced concrete
		Damage criterion
			Damage function in compression
			Damage function in tension
		Strength surface
		Equation of state
		Strain rate effect
		Fractionally associative plastic flow rule
	Parameters for SFRC constitutive model
		Parameters for strength surface
		SFRC in compression
		SFRC in tension
	Numerical examples
		SFRC under triaxial compression
		SFRC panel subjected to blast load
		SFRC panels under projectile impacts
	Conclusions
	References
Finite element analysis of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) slabs
	Introduction
	Finite element method
		Constitutive model of ECC
		Concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model
		Type of finite element
	Finite element analysis of thin slabs without reinforcement
		Geometry and boundary conditions
		Compressive and tensile models
		CDP model
		Mesh
		Numerical validation
		Results and discussions
	Finite element analysis of link slabs with steel reinforcements
		Geometry
		Boundary conditions and interactions
		Material models
		Mesh sensitivity
		Numerical validation
		Results and discussions
	References
Numerical modeling of structural behavior of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) slabs subjected to high- ...
	Introduction
	Material models for ECC under dynamic loading
		Review of the typical material models for plain concrete under dynamic loading
			Pseudo-tensor model
			Isotropic elastic-plastic with oriented cracks model
			Soil concrete model
			Johnson-Holmquist model
		Evaluation of the concrete damage model and the elastic-plastic hydrodynamic model
			Stress-strain relationship
				Concrete damage model
				Elastic-plastic hydrodynamic model
			Equations of states (EOS)
			Mesh size effect
				Concrete damage model
				Elastic-plastic hydrodynamic model
			Load effects due to impact
				Concrete damage model
				Elastic-plastic hydrodynamic model
	Numerical modeling of ECC slabs subjected to projectile impact
		Finite element model
		Erosion criteria
		Results and discussion
	Conclusions
	References
Finite element analysis of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) encased steel composite beams subjected to ...
	Introduction
	Finite element modeling of the ECC-LWC encased steel composite beams
		Element type and mesh size analysis
		Material models for ECC, LWC, and steel
		Boundary and loading conditions
		Bond-slip modeling
	Validation of the FE model
	Parametric study
		Effect of the material parameters
			General and effects of beam configurations
			Effect of compressive strength of ECC
			Effect of compressive strength of LWC
			Effect of yield strength of steel
		Effect of the geometric parameters
			Effect of flange width to thickness ratio
			Effect of web depth-to-thickness ratio
			Effect of ECC layer thickness
			Effect of ECC cover thickness
			Discussions of the parametric study results
	Conclusions
	References
Finite element analysis of engineered cementitious composite (ECC)-concrete-encased steel composite columns u ...
	Introduction
	Development of finite element model for ECC-CES columns
		Geometric modeling of ECC-CES columns
		Material modeling of ECC, concrete, and steel
			Compressive stress-strain model for ECC
			Tensile stress-strain model for ECC
			Compressive stress-strain model for concrete
			Tensile stress-strain model for concrete
			Stress-strain model for steel
		Contact interactions between different components
		Modeling of geometric imperfections
		Mesh sensitivity analysis and end support conditions
	Validation of finite element model
		Control bare steel columns
		ECC-concrete columns
		ECC-steel and concrete-steel columns
		ECC confined concrete-encased steel (ECC-CES) columns
	Numerical parametric study
		Discussion of parametric study results
		Applicability of squash load formula for column strength prediction
	Concluding remarks
	References
Index
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	B
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	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
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	M
	N
	O
	P
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Y