Advances in Democracy: From the French Revolution to the Present-Day European Union (A History of Western Civilization)

TITLE......Page 4
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 6
INTRODUCTION......Page 11
CHAPTER 1 THE AGE OF REVOLUTION, 1789–1849......Page 20
ECONOMIC EFFECTS......Page 21
SOCIAL UPHEAVAL......Page 27
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION......Page 34
THE NAPOLEONIC ERA......Page 37
THE CONSERVATIVE REACTION......Page 43
THE REVOLUTIONS OF 1848......Page 46
THE LEGACY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION......Page 48
CULTURAL NATIONALISM......Page 50
SIMPLICITY AND TRUTH......Page 52
POPULISM......Page 53
NATURE OF THE CHANGES......Page 55
NAPOLEON’S INFLUENCE......Page 57
CHAPTER 2 THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY: ROMANTICISM AND OTHER CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS......Page 59
THE ROMANTIC MOVEMENT......Page 61
LITERATURE......Page 65
DRAMA......Page 67
PAINTING......Page 68
SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE......Page 70
MUSIC......Page 71
SELF-ANALYSIS......Page 73
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL THOUGHT......Page 74
POSTREVOLUTIONARY THINKING......Page 77
THE PRINCIPLE OF EVOLUTION......Page 79
SCIENCE......Page 81
PHILOSOPHY......Page 83
RELIGION AND ITS ALTERNATIVES......Page 86
SCIENTIFIC POSITIVISM......Page 87
THE CULT OF ART......Page 89
CHAPTER 3 THE MID-19TH CENTURY: REALISM AND REALPOLITIK......Page 90
SCIENTIFIC MATERIALISM......Page 94
VICTORIAN MORALITY......Page 95
THE ADVANCE OF DEMOCRACY......Page 99
REALISM IN THE ARTS......Page 100
LITERATURE......Page 102
PAINTING AND SCULPTURE......Page 104
MUSIC......Page 108
SUMMARY......Page 110
THE “SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION”......Page 112
MODIFICATIONS IN SOCIAL STRUCTURE......Page 114
THE RISE OF ORGANIZED LABOUR AND MASS PROTESTS......Page 118
CONDITIONS IN EASTERN EUROPE......Page 124
POLITICAL PATTERNS......Page 126
CHANGES IN GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONS......Page 137
REFORM AND REACTION IN EASTERN EUROPE......Page 139
DIPLOMATIC ENTANGLEMENTS......Page 140
THE SCRAMBLE FOR COLONIES......Page 142
PREWAR DIPLOMACY......Page 144
CHAPTER 5 MODERN CULTURE AT THE TURN OF THE 20TH CENTURY......Page 147
SYMBOLISM AND IMPRESSIONISM......Page 150
AESTHETICISM......Page 151
NATURALISM......Page 154
ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT......Page 157
NEW TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE......Page 158
REEXAMINATION OF THE UNIVERSE......Page 162
THE PREWAR PERIOD......Page 167
CHAPTER 6 SOCIETY AND CULTURE AMID THE WORLD WARS, 1914–45......Page 169
THE GREAT WAR, OR WORLD WAR I......Page 170
THE CULTURAL SHOCK OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR......Page 172
THE INTERWAR YEARS......Page 177
HOPES IN GENEVA......Page 180
THE LOTTERY IN WEIMAR......Page 184
THE IMPACT OF THE SLUMP......Page 188
THE TRAPPINGS OF DICTATORSHIP......Page 193
THE PHONY PEACE......Page 200
THE BLAST OF WORLD WAR II......Page 202
CHAPTER 7 POSTWAR EUROPE, 1945 TO THE PRESENT......Page 207
THE UNITED STATES TO THE RESCUE......Page 210
A CLIMATE OF FEAR......Page 214
AFFLUENCE AND ITS UNDERSIDE......Page 219
THE REFLUX OF EMPIRE......Page 221
EVER CLOSER UNION?......Page 226
CONCLUSION......Page 235
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 239
INDEX......Page 241