Advances in Construction Management: Select Proceedings of ACMM 2021

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Architecture Management
Planning, Analysis, and Design of Smog-Free Tower with Louvers in Kolkata
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Study
		2.1 Air Quality Index
		2.2 Working Principle of Smog-Free Tower
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Planning and Dimensioning of Tower and Reed Water Treatment Bed
		3.2 Analysis
		3.3 Artificial Reed Treatment Bed
		3.4 Louvers Selection
		3.5 Volume of Air Purified
	4 Conclusion
	References
Assessing the Role of Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Resilience and Climate Change Adaptation
	1 Introduction
	2 Nature-Based Solutions and Urban Resilience
	3 Multifunctional Aspects of Nature-Based Solutions and Climate Change Adaptation
	4 Nature-Based Solutions Trade Offs
	5 Research Gaps and Challenges Governing Nature-Based Solutions
	6 Socio-Spatial Framework for Addressing the Nature-Based Solutions Tradeoffs
	7 Discussions
	8 Conclusions
	References
Spatiotemporal Patterns of Urbanization in Chennai City, Tamil Nadu, India Using Remote Sensing Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Study
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Shannon’s Entropy
		3.2 Relative Shannon Entropy
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Land Use Land Cover (LULC) Classification
		4.2 Urban Area
		4.3 Shannon Entropy
		4.4 Relative Shannon Entropy
	5 Conclusion
	References
Evaluation of Operational BRTS System in Bangalore
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Data Collection
	3 Data Analysis and Interpretation
		3.1 Stretch Between Banashankari and Banaswadi
	4 Conclusions
	5 Recommendation
	6 Scope for the Future Work
	References
Town Planning
A Study on the Assessment of Risk Management in High-Rise Buildings
	1 Introduction
	2 Review of Literature
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Research Design
		3.2 Population and Sample
	4 Data Analysis and Discussion
		4.1 Profile of the Respondents
		4.2 Descriptive Statistics
		4.3 Reliability Analysis
		4.4 Structural Equation Model (SEM) Analysis
		4.5 Model Fit Summary
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Duplex House with Underground Parking
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Planning
	4 Analysis
	5 Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
Behaviour of Pre-engineered Building with Reduced Beam Section
	1 Introduction
	2 Modelling
		2.1 Analysis and Design of PEB
		2.2 RBS Geometry/Profile
		2.3 RBS Parameters
	3 Analytical Study
		3.1 STAAD.Pro Model
	4 Analysis Results
		4.1 Base Shear
		4.2 Time Period
		4.3 Stress Concentration
		4.4 Maximum Response
	5 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Study on Framed Tube System and Diagrid Tube System Subjected to Seismic Load
	1 Introduction
	2 Material Specification
	3 Modelling and Analysis
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Storey Displacement
		4.2 Storey Drift
		4.3 Storey Stiffness
		4.4 Storey Shear
		4.5 Time Period
		4.6 Shear Lag
	5 Conclusion
	References
Static and Dynamic Analysis of Corrugated Beam with Restrained Boundary Conditions
	1 Introduction
	2 Procedure
		2.1 Preparation of Model
		2.2 Static Analysis
		2.3 Results from ANSYS
		2.4 Compilation of Results
		2.5 Dynamic Analysis
		2.6 Results from ANSYS
		2.7 Compilation of Results
	3 Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Investigation on Torsional Behaviour of Coconut/Steel Fiber Using Reinforced Concrete Beam
	1 Introduction
		1.1 General
		1.2 Torsional Importance
	2 Coconut Fiber
	3 Steel Fiber
	4 Experimental Program
		4.1 Testing Program
		4.2 Reinforcement Details for Specimen
		4.3 Instrumentation for Testing
		4.4 Conduct of Experiments
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 General Characteristics for Cracking
		5.2 Minimum Torsional Reinforcements
		5.3 Ductility
		5.4 Stiffness
	6 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of “Integrated Exhibition-Cum-Convention Centre, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi”, Using ETABS
	1 Introduction
	2 Objective
	3 Redevelopment of ITPO Complex into Integrated Exhibition-Cum-Convention Centre at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi
	4 Methodology
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Graphs
	6 Conclusion
	References
Project Management
Greenhouse Gases Emission from Municipal Solid Waste in Thanjavur
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Present Scenario
		3.2 LandGEM Model
		3.3 IPCC Model
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 LandGEM Model
		4.2 IPCC Model
	5 Conclusion
	References
Evaluation of Meteorological Drought Impact Using Drought Indices
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Standard Precipitation Index (Spi)
		3.2 Z-score
		3.3 China Z Index
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Regression Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
The Freezing Point of Soils and the Factors Affecting its Depression
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methodology
		2.1 Sample Preparation and Determination of Freezing Point
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Blast Loads and Their Effects on Structures
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Aims of the Study
		1.2 The Objective of the Present Paper
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Recent Studies on Blast Loads
		2.2 Models Developed
		2.3 Lapses and Research Gap
	3 Preface to Blast Loads
		3.1 Blast Materials
		3.2 Field Test Results
		3.3 Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Study on Irregular Tall RC Structure and Composite Structure by Pushover Analysis
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Reinforced Concrete Structure
		1.2 Composite Structure
		1.3 Irregular Structure
	2 Objective of the Work
	3 Methodology
	4 Modelling
		4.1 Linear Static Analysis
		4.2 Response Spectrum Analysis
	5 Pushover Analysis
		5.1 Results and Discussions
	6 Conclusions
	References
Feasibility Study on Subgrade Stabilization of Pavement Using Lime and Fly Ash as Admixtures
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Treatment of Seawater Using Electrochemical Mediated Desalination
	1 Background
	2 Introduction
	3 Materials and Methodology
		3.1 Experimental Setup
		3.2 Procedure
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Assessment of Energy Dissipation Capacity of Steel Moment Resisting Frames Under the Effect of Earthquake
	1 Introduction
	2 Modelling
		2.1 Details of Preliminary Data
		2.2 Structural Detailing
	3 Analysis and Design of Steel Models in ETABS
		3.1 Parameters Considered for Building
		3.2 Deformed Shape of Five and Ten Storey Building
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Maximum Storey Drift for Time History in X and Y Directions
		4.2 Maximum Displacement for Time History in X and Y Directions (mm)
		4.3 Cumulative Energy Dissipation in X and Y Directions
		4.4 Cumulative Energy Dissipation in X and Y Directions
		4.5 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Assessment of Ground Water Quality in Industrial Area of Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Study Area
		2.2 Water Sample Collection and Testing
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Ground Water Modelling of Poondi Micro-Watershed, Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Model Prediction
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysing the Effect of Enzyme-Induced Stabilization (EIS) in Improving the Strength Characteristics of Weak Soils
	1 Introduction
	2 Summary of Literature Review
	3 Materials and Methodology
		3.1 Materials
		3.2 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Results
		4.2 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Building Automation
Constructed Wetland (CW) Technique as an Effective Sustainable Treatment for Wastewater: A Review
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Domestic Wastewater Treatment
		1.2 Industrial Wastewater Treatment
	2 Methodologies
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Improve Water Quality in CWs
		3.2 Systems Lifetime
		3.3 Limitations of CWs
	4 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Statistical Analysis to Determine the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on PM2.5 Concentration in Chennai City, India
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Study Area
		2.2 Timeframe
		2.3 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Determining the Status of PM2.5 Concentration in Velachery, Alandur and Manali During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period
		3.2 Comparison of PM2.5 Concentration from 2016 to 2020 to Understand the Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown
	4 Conclusions
	References
Comparison of Nutrient Removal Efficiency, Growth Characteristic and Biomass Cultivation of Two Microalgal Strains Provided with Optimal Conditions in Agricultural Wastewater
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Background
		1.2 Specification
		1.3 Agricultural Wastewater
		1.4 Algal Biomass
		1.5 Photo Bioreactor
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Strain Selection
		2.2 Cultivation of Micro Algae
		2.3 Estimation of Biomass Concentration
		2.4 Analysis of Nutrient Removal
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Biomass Characteristic Study of Chlorella Vulgaris and Scenedesmus Obliquus in Agricultural Wastewater Samples Compared to BG-11 Media
		3.2 Optimal Conditions for Algal Growth
		3.3 Nutrient Removal
	4 Conclusion
	References
Revealing the Design of Energy-Efficient Techniques to Enhance the Building Performance
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Development
	3 Method
	4 Manual Method
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Orientation
		5.2 Lighting Control
	6 Comparison Using Software and Traditional Method
	7 Summary of Recommendation
	8 Conclusion
	References
Behaviour of Battered Pile Subjected to Lateral Load
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Finite Difference Method
		2.2 Subgrade Reaction Approach
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Variation in the Battered Pile
		3.2 Variation of Stresses
	4 Conclusion
	References
Modelling Residential House Pricing Using Regression Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Selection of Factors
		3.2 Urban Density
		3.3 Data Collection and Normalization
		3.4 Factor Analysis
		3.5 Correlation
		3.6 Regression Analysis
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Urban Density
		4.2 Factor Analysis
		4.3 Correlation Analysis
		4.4 Regression Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Ant Colony-Based Optimization Model for Resource-Leveling Problem
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	7 Future Scope
	References
Impact of Genetic Algorithm Operators in Solving Resource-Leveling Problem
	1 Introduction
	2 Genetic Algorithm
	3 Research Gap
	4 Literature Review
	5 Methodology
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
A Quantitative Study on Construction Job Safety Analysis and Occupational Safety and Health Management
	1 Introduction: The Construction Industry
		1.1 Construction Job Safety Analysis
		1.2 Major Causes of Accidents on a Construction Site
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Owner’s Part in Safety
		2.2 Safety in Construction
		2.3 Job Load and Hazard Analysis
		2.4 Improve Performance in Modular Homebuilding
		2.5 Characteristic Study of Workplace Accidents
		2.6 Creating Safer Workplaces
		2.7 Causative Reasons for Construction Catastrophes
		2.8 Mitigating Construction Safety Risks
		2.9 Work-Related Hazard of Construction
	3 Work Process
		3.1 Parameters for Questionnaires
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Data Analysis and Implication
		4.2 SPSS Analysis Results
		4.3 Discussions
	5 Conclusions
		5.1 Recommendations
	References
Investigating the Ways to Optimize the Production of Ready Mix Concrete Plants
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Summary of Literature Review
	3 Objectives
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Risk Identification and Classification
		4.2 Risk Prioritization
	5 Data Collection
	6 Results and Discussions
		6.1 SPSS Analysis Results
		6.2 Major Risks
		6.3 Ranking of Risks and Possible Preventive Measures
	7 Conclusion
		7.1 Recommendation to RMC Plants
	References
Stochastic Project Network Scheduling Technique for Construction Projects Using GERT
	1 Introduction
	2 Project Network Methodologies for Construction
		2.1 CPM and PERT
		2.2 Industry Scheduling
	3 Analysis and Comparison of CPM, PERT and GERT for a Real-Time Project
	4 Conclusion
	References
Integrating Lean and Sustainability Approach for Construction Firms
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Lean
		1.2 Lean Construction Techniques
		1.3 Sustainability
		1.4 Sustainable Construction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Design of Questionnaire
		2.2 Data Collection and Analysis
		2.3 Preliminary Study
		2.4 Cronbach’s Alpha
	3 Results and Discussion
	References
Analytical Case Study
Identification of the Mitigation Methods to Be Adopted that Prevents Time Overrun in Construction Projects
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Objectives
		1.2 Need and Scope of Present Work
	2 Data Collection
		2.1 Participants
		2.2 Questionnaire Preparation
		2.3 Questionnaire Administration
		2.4 Demographic Information
	3 Data Analysis and Discussion
		3.1 Reliability Test
		3.2 Relative Importance Index (RII)
	4 Conclusion
	References
Introducing Safety on Construction Industry Along with Lean Construction Hypothesis
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Lean
		1.2 Lean Principles
		1.3 Lean Benefits
		1.4 Safety Management Principles
		1.5 Risks Involved in the Construction Industry
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Scheme of the Work
		2.2 Design of Questionnaire
		2.3 Data Analysis and Collection
		2.4 Pilot Study
		2.5 Cronbach’s Alpha Test
	3 Results and Discussion
	References
Implementation of Lean Techniques in Construction Projects
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Background
		2.1 Lean Construction
		2.2 Lean Project Delivery
		2.3 Lean Supply System
	3 Methodology
	4 Data Collection
		4.1 Issue Recognition
	5 Data Analysis
		5.1 Aspects Analyzed from this Project
		5.2 Work Sampling Data for Residential Project (Reinforcement)
		5.3 Proposed Lean Steps to Optimize the Supply Chain
	6 Conclusion
	References
Consequence of Communication Problem for Higher Authority of Construction Industry in India
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Background
		2.1 Causes of Conflicts in the Construction Industry: A Communicational Approach
		2.2 Communication Problems with Ethnic Minorities in the Construction Industry
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Data Analysis Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Influence of Intellectual Behaviour of Labour in Construction Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Background
		2.1 Personal and Habitual
		2.2 Workload
		2.3 Low Wages
		2.4 Lack of Motivation
		2.5 Lack of Training and Experience
		2.6 Poor Communication
		2.7 Relation Between Stress and Labour Productivity
	3 Methodology
	4 Data Collection
		4.1 Data Analysis
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Impact of Risk Assessment in Project Execution and Its Mitigation Strategies Using Modern Automation
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Learnings from the Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Latest Tools in BIM
		3.2 Major BIM Tools Used in Construction Industry
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Project Development and Partner Control
		4.2 Improved Productivity (Less Change, Instability, Change)
		4.3 Excellent Project Quality and Performance
		4.4 Accurate Estimation (Leading to Easy Procurement)
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Exploratory Study to Utilize Construction 4.0 Technologies in Enhancing Communication to Get Quality Human Resources
	1 Introduction
	2 Construction 4.0
		2.1 The Main Components for Construction 4.0
	3 Communication
		3.1 The Current Situation of Communication in Construction Industry
		3.2 Construction 4.0 to Enhance the Communication
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Research Objectives
		4.2 Problem Statement
		4.3 Hypotheses of Study
		4.4 Research Method
	5 Data Analysis
	6 Findings and Suggestions
	7 Conclusion
	References
BIM in Construction and Maintenance of Infrastructure Projects
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 BIM and Infrastructure
		3.1 Implementation of BIM in the Infrastructure Projects
		3.2 BIM in Infrastructure Projects
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Research Gaps and Recommendations
	6 Conclusion
	References
Effective Ways to Handle the Change Management for Cost in Various Types of Contracts
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Collection and Methodology
		2.1 Data Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Re-Measurable Contract Analysis on Impact of Cost
		3.2 Design and Building Contract Analysis on Impact of Cost
		3.3 Lump Sum Contract—Impact of Cost
		3.4 Factors Driving the Change in Management
		3.5 Original Cost Versus Revised Cost Analysis
	4 Overall Impact Details of Project
	5 Conclusion
	References
Investing the Application of Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem in a Single-Mode Construction Project
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Search
		2.1 Resource—Constrained Scheduling Problem in Single-Mode Construction Projects
		2.2 Building Information Modeling (BIM) Schedule
		2.3 Genetic Algorithm (GA)
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Research Methodology
	4 Conclusion
	References
Identification of Cost Over Run Issue in Preventive Management in Construction Workplace––Chennai
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement
		2.1 Barriers to Implement Preventive Management
		2.2 Importance of Cost Overrun in Preventive Management
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Questionnaire Survey
	4 Data Collection and Analysis
		4.1 Reliability Analysis—Using SPSS Software
		4.2 Data Analysis—RII Method
		4.3 Method of Analysis
	5 Result and Discussion
		5.1 Ranking of Factors by RII Method
		5.2 Correlation Analysis—Using SPSS Software
	6 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Estimation of Probability on Delay in Desalination Plant Construction Projects in Lakshadweep Island
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Literature Review
	2 Quantifying the Delay Issues Applying the RII Method
		2.1 General
		2.2 Methodology
		2.3 Data Analysis
		2.4 Results and Discussion
	3 Projected Fuzzy Valuation Pattern to Evaluate the Likelihood in Delay
		3.1 General
		3.2 Applications of the Planned Model
	4 Fuzzy Pattern Construction—MATLAB Software
	5 Actual Pilot Study
		5.1 Research Findings
	6 Conclusions
	References
Influence of COVID-19 on Microplastics Pollution in Coastal Water and Sediment of Chennai, India
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methodology
		2.1 Study Area
		2.2 Sampling Data Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Water Quality Analysis
		3.2 Microplastics Abundance and Characteristics
		3.3 XRD Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Estimation of Shortest Route with Minimum Travel Time Using GIS and MSSTT Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Proposed System
		3.1 ERS Using GIS
		3.2 ERS Using Conventional Gps Based Navigation System
		3.3 A Hybrid Model for ERS
	4 Conclusion
	5. References
515536_1_En_49_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf
	Correction to: Greenhouse Gases Emission from Municipal Solid Waste in Thanjavur
		Correction to:  Chapter “Greenhouse Gases Emission from Municipal Solid Waste in Thanjavur” in: L. Y. Loon et al. (eds.), Advances in Construction Management, Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 191, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5839-612