Advances in Computers, Vol. 59

Collaborative Development Environments......Page 9
Introduction......Page 10
The Physics of Software......Page 11
A Day in the Life of a Developer......Page 14
The Emergence of Collaborative Development Environments......Page 16
Creating a Frictionless Surface......Page 17
Non-Software Domains......Page 20
Asset Management......Page 22
Information Services......Page 23
Infrastructure......Page 24
Community......Page 25
Software Development......Page 27
Collaborative Development Environment Features......Page 29
The Evolution of Collaborative Development Environments......Page 32
Summary......Page 33
References......Page 35
Tool Support for Experience-Based Software Development Methodologies......Page 36
Experience-Based Approaches for Software Engineering......Page 37
Experience-Based Knowledge Management......Page 39
The Experience Factory Approach......Page 40
The Organizational Learning Approach......Page 41
The Domain Lifecycle......Page 43
Stepping Through the Lifecycle......Page 44
Domain Abstractions and Domain Analysis......Page 46
Support for Domain-Specific Design Environments......Page 47
Tool Support for Experience-Based Approaches......Page 48
Developing Communities of Practice......Page 49
Continuous Feedback of Development Knowledge......Page 50
The BORE Software Experience Base Tool......Page 51
Methodology Task.......Page 53
Organization.......Page 54
The BORE Approach......Page 55
Creating BORE Methodologies......Page 56
Creating Methodology Tasks......Page 57
Editing Methodology Rules......Page 59
Tailoring the Process......Page 61
The Rule-Based System......Page 62
Project Execution......Page 63
Project-Level Deviations......Page 64
Process-Level Reviews......Page 67
Roles and Tasks for Implementing the BORE Approach......Page 68
Evaluation Contexts for BORE......Page 69
Implementing the MBASE Process......Page 70
The Software Design Studio Implementation......Page 71
Other Related Research......Page 72
Software Process Modeling......Page 73
Design Rationale......Page 75
Open Issues and Future Work......Page 76
Future Work......Page 77
Conclusions......Page 79
References......Page 80
Why New Software Processes Are Not Adopted......Page 90
Change Is Harder Than We Think......Page 91
The First Model......Page 93
The Second Model......Page 96
Framework for Inquiry......Page 100
Fields Touched by Implementation Research......Page 101
Ambit of Software Processes......Page 102
Description of Stage or Phase Models......Page 103
Duration of Stage or Phase Models......Page 104
Non-Linear (Messy) Models......Page 105
Diffusion: The Most Popular Explanation......Page 108
Problems with Diffusion as an Explanation......Page 110
Reluctance Because the Proposed Change is a Bad Idea. That Is, There Is Conflict!......Page 112
Reluctance Because We Are Inertial Beings and We Resist Change......Page 113
Institutional Forces Invite Us to Imitate, to Conform......Page 114
Fear fosters knowing-doing gaps, so drive out fear.......Page 115
Path Dependence Theory......Page 116
Factor Studies......Page 117
Characteristics of the Innovation......Page 118
Environmental Factors......Page 120
Leadership......Page 121
Conclusion......Page 122
References......Page 123
Impact Analysis in Software Evolution......Page 134
Introduction......Page 137
The pmr-Project......Page 139
Problem......Page 140
Research Issues and Research Questions......Page 141
Requirements-Driven Impact Analysis......Page 142
Other Impact Approaches......Page 143
A Software Change Process with Impact Analysis......Page 144
Ripple Effect Analysis and Dependency Analysis......Page 145
Traceability Approaches......Page 147
A Framework for Impact Analysis......Page 148
Evaluation of Impact Analysis Effectiveness......Page 149
Ericsson Radio Systems......Page 150
The Structure of the System......Page 151
Software Development Process Model......Page 153
Input to Objectory......Page 154
The Intentions Underlying Different Models......Page 155
Objectory vs. Objectory se......Page 156
Project Developers......Page 157
Questions on the Class Level......Page 158
Answering the Questions on Prediction I......Page 160
Discussion......Page 161
Concluding Remarks on This Analysis......Page 162
Evaluation of rdia on the Member Function Level......Page 163
Questions on the Member Function Level......Page 164
Analysis on the Member Function Level......Page 165
Member Function Change Statistics......Page 166
Answering the Questions on Prediction......Page 168
Summary of Statistics......Page 169
Analysis on the Requirements Level......Page 170
Relative Rank-Order of Requirements......Page 172
Answering the Questions on Prediction......Page 175
Contents Analysis-Describing the Abstraction Level......Page 176
Preparation......Page 178
Analysis......Page 179
Discussion......Page 180
Inheritance Relations Change......Page 181
Inter-Object/Class Relations Change......Page 182
Answers to Questions Raised by the Design Model......Page 183
Concluding Remarks on This Analysis......Page 184
Questions Regarding Class Size......Page 185
Size-Predicted vs. Unpredicted Classes......Page 186
Size-Predicted vs. Changed Classes......Page 187
Answers to Questions Regarding Class Size......Page 188
Relations between Classes......Page 189
Questions Regarding Relations......Page 190
Inter-class Relations-Changed vs. Unchanged......Page 192
Inter-Class Relations-Predicted vs. Non-Predicted......Page 193
Inheritance Relations-Changed vs. Unchanged......Page 194
Inheritance Relations-Predicted vs. Non-Predicted......Page 195
Answering the Questions......Page 196
Questionnaire Completed by Developers......Page 197
Summary of Quantitative Results......Page 200
Feeding Back the Results......Page 201
Comments about the Results and the Evaluation......Page 202
Explanation Building......Page 203
Evaluations of Release Projects......Page 204
Complementary Release-to-Class View......Page 205
Complementary Conservative Prediction......Page 206
Alternative Input to Cost Estimation......Page 207
Discussion on Quantitative and Qualitative Results......Page 208
The Use-Case Model......Page 209
Discussion on rdia Using Models and Traceability......Page 210
Summary......Page 212
Conclusions......Page 213
References......Page 214
Coherence Protocols for Bus-Based and Scalable Multiprocessors, Internet, and Wireless Distributed Computing Environments: A Survey......Page 218
Introduction......Page 219
Message Parameters......Page 221
Road Map......Page 222
Background......Page 223
The Update Based Coherence Protocols......Page 224
The Invalidation Based Coherence Protocols......Page 226
The Hybrid Protocols......Page 227
The Adaptive Hybrid Protocols......Page 228
The Selective Protocol......Page 230
Summary of Broadcast Protocols......Page 231
Introduction......Page 234
CC-NUMA Architecture......Page 235
Directory-Based Organizations-Principal......Page 237
Fully-mapped Directory Organizations......Page 238
Partially-Mapped Directory Organizations......Page 239
Directory-Based Organizations-Implementation......Page 241
Flat, Memory-Based Directory.......Page 242
Cache-Based Directory.......Page 244
Hybrid Directory.......Page 247
Partially-Mapped Directories......Page 248
Broadcast Limited Directories.......Page 249
Coarse-Vector Limited Directories.......Page 251
Introduction......Page 253
Hierarchical Web Caching Schemes......Page 257
Distributed Web Caching Schemes......Page 258
Hybrid Web Caching Schemes......Page 259
Coherence in Web Caching Schemes......Page 260
Weakly Consistent Web Caching......Page 262
Adaptive Time-To-Live (TTL) [73].......Page 263
Piggyback Coherence Techniques.......Page 264
Summary of Web Coherence......Page 265
Introduction......Page 266
The Mobile Computing Network Environment......Page 267
Cache Coherence Design Requirements in the Wireless Network Environment......Page 268
Update Invalidation Coherence......Page 270
Update Propagation Coherence......Page 271
Incremental Update Propagation......Page 272
Summary of Wireless Protocols......Page 273
Introduction......Page 274
Summary of Message-Passing (Directory) Coherence Protocols......Page 276
Summary of Caching Coherence on the World Wide Web......Page 277
Conclusions and Recommendations......Page 278
References......Page 280
Author Index......Page 286
Contents of Volumes in This Series......Page 302